scholarly journals Una propuesta de recuperación económica en una economía de recesión:

SATHIRI ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Austin Obiajulu Halim Joe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Many  critics  of  dollarization   of  Ecuadorian  economy   should  also  count  the    achievements    dollarization policy has  avail  Ecuador.  Economically,  countries  with  balance of payment problems are mandated  internationally to devalue  their  currency,  devaluation of  Ecuadorian  Sucre  would have been a  disaster  for    Ecuador   seeing  that  Ecuador  as  a  country  is  not  industrially  developed   rather  it's  operating a monotonic  economy  highly  dependent  on  export  of  crude oil and  pre-processed  agro  product. Secondly,  seignior age  which   to  Ecuador  is  a    huge  gain,  since the country  is not  responsible for the cost of printing their  official  currency.Paradoxically,  would have  been an expenses  if the government  operates      a  Sucre  economy.    Although the present  government  has  made  tremendous  changes  and  also   measurable  achievements  Kudos  to the government of  Rafael  Correa,  there  is still  enormous  economic   challenges  and Immense  gap  between  the  poor  and the reach  which    next  government  need  to  tackle  to alleviate   the  present    economic  hardship. Establishment of a free trade zone is   a panacea to conquer   challenges posed by Colombian Pesos to Ecuadorian economy.   FTZ is a  card  changer   to  minimize  brain drain from   border  provinces  and rekindle  commercial  activities  as  well  as  generate enormous employment  opportunity which will in turn  increase government revenue , exterminate  poverty  and curb  recession  being  experienced  presently  by the  economy due  to  fiscal  policies.  Tax  policy  is  economically  lucrative  in  correcting    economic anomalies  but   government  should also  take  into  consideration the  ratio of unemployment to  Employment   which directly  determines  purchasing power and  any  attempted  increment in taxation  should  be within a  stipulated  economic  period  in order to match   economic  growth  with  development.

scholarly journals Deficit Financing and Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1987-2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
John Okachukwu Okah ◽  
Kenechukwu Origin Chukwu ◽  
Amalachukwu Chijindu Ananwude
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
International Market ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Adjustment Programme ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Deficit Financing ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

The debt profile of the Government of Nigeria has been on the increase from 1986; climaxing during the worst recession Nigeria economy has entered into after the structural adjustment programme (SAP). With the reduction in government revenue occasioned by the fluctuations of price of crude oil in the international market and absolute recklessness on the part of successive government, the government has no option than to borrow to fund its day to day activities.  This study examined the effect of deficit financing on economic growth of Nigeria from 1987 to 2017. Vector Autoregressive Estimates was used in estimating the model.  The analysis performed revealed that deficit financing has positive but insignificant effect on Nigerian economic growth. We recommended that government should strive to diversify its revenue base and also demonstrate a high level of transparency in both its monetary and fiscal operations among others.

scholarly journals Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ifeakachukwu Nwosa ◽  
Fasina Oluwadamilola Tosin ◽  
Ogbuagu Matthew Ikechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government

The issue of export diversification has been contentious in Nigeria due to the country’s unstable growth pattern which is majorly associated with instability in the international oil market and the poor performance of other sectors of the economy. Therefore, this study examines the link between export diversification and economic growth in Nigeria from 1962 to 2016. The study utilizes the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The result of this study shows that export diversification has a positive but insignificant influence on economic growth in Nigeria. The above result implies that the oil sector still dominates the Nigerian economy while the diversification drive of the government has not been significant in other sectors of the economy. Thus, the study recommends the need for conscious economic policies that would promote the diversification of the entire non-oil sector of the economy. The study concludes that export diversification is an insignificant determinant of economic growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Economic Growth, Policies and Influencing Factors: The Case of Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Eleni Vangjeli ◽  
Anila Mancka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Monetary and fiscal policies are two policies that the government could use to keep a high level of growth, with a low inflancion. Fiscal policy has its initial impact on the stock market, while monetary policy in market assets. But, given that the goods and active markets are closely interrelated, both policies, monetary as well as fiscal have impact on the economy, increasing the level of product through the reduction of interest rates. In our paper we will show how functioning monetary and fiscal policies. But also in our paper we will analyze the different factors which have affected the economic growth of the country. The focus of our study is the graphical and empirical analysis of economic growth, policies and influencing factors. For the empirical analysis we have used data on the economic growth in Albania for 1996– 2014.

Technology Diffusion Determines Productivity Distribution and Aggregate Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Productivity Distribution ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

This paper studies how technology diffusion interacts to endogenously determine the productivity distribution and generate aggregate growth. This paper models firms that choose to adopt technology, or produce with their existing technology. In the context of technology diffusion, one therefore has to consider whether redistributive revenues of the government may, in fact, be allocated towards reducing the fixed costs associated with productive technologies. This paper presents a model in which the cost of technology diffusion is endogenous and varies across heterogeneous firms. The results indicate that the technology with low productivity is used by the majority of individuals in the early stages of development. At this stage, a relatively higher level of inequality characterizes the income distribution. As capital deepening and redistribution of income and wealth takes place, the inequality among individuals tends to decrease. Once this happens individuals prefer a relatively larger proportion of government revenue to be allocated towards cost-reducing Research and Development (R&D) expenditures. Eventually all individuals make the switch to the better technology and consequently their incomes converge.

Sir Edward W. Hamilton and Tariff Reform, 1903-1905: A Study of Conscience vs. Policy

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Lipchitz
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Tariff Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Treasury Department ◽  
The Temple

It is a commonplace to assume that in any given Government members of the civil service and other non-elected employees will be loyal to the elected officials of the Government and will carry out the policies determined by these officials. But what happens when a policy is at odds with a man's conscience? Recently we have seen one solution in the release of the Pentagon Papers. Other solutions include burial of one's personal beliefs in commitment to duty, quiet resignation from the Government, or dedication to serve the country's best interests according to one's conscience while remaining within the Government. An example of such dedication, which exceeded partisan considerations, was that displayed by Sir Edward Walter Hamilton, permanent financial secretary to the British Treasury, during the 1903-1905 campaign for tariff reform.From his birth in 1847, Hamilton was destined to be a free trader. His father, Walter Kerr Hamilton, was the Bishop of Salisbury and a close friend of William E. Gladstone. In 1870, Hamilton entered the temple of free trade, the Treasury Department. (Britain had been a free trade nation since midcentury, and permanent members of the Treasury Department had come to consider the fiscal policies of Peel, Gladstone, and Sir Robert Lowe as their own.) He served as private secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Robert Lowe, from 1872 to 1873, to Prime Minister Gladstone for the remaining months of his first administration (1873-1874), and again to the Prime Minister during Gladstone's second administration (1880-1885), becoming imbued with his mentor's ideas. Hamilton worked his way up the ranks of the Treasury Department and in 1902 became permanent financial secretary and joint permanent secretary with Sir George Murray. Although not brilliant, Hamilton was a capable civil servant, and in general, gained the confidence of the chancellors whom he served; this close association with the great men of the moment became important to his social ego.

scholarly journals The Link Between Economic Growth, Crime and Deterrence Measures in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Adenuga Fabian Adekoya ◽  
Nor Azam Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Cost Of Crime ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The level of crime in Nigeria has become devastating and in order to put more sanity into the economy and the country at large, the Government has embarked on different deterrence measures in curbing crime. Thus, this study examined the interaction of deterrence measures with crime in order to see how economic growth was affected when they were used in curbing crime at different instances. That is, the interaction of deterrence measures with crime informed us how they have helped in lowering crime in Nigeria for a better economic growth to subsist. The deterrence measures considered in this work are in line with the rational choice theory being the cost of crime imposed on the society. Furthermore, this study considered data from 1975 to 2013 with the use of autoregressive distributed lag model. Moreover, the results showed that crime dependency on deterrence measures asymmetrically constituted means of lowering economic growth in the country. Hence, this study suggested that prosecution should be well funded and in order to curb crime and improve economic growth in Nigeria. That is, this would afford the country to reduce the congestion of prison inmates and thus, it would discourage long waiting trials.

scholarly journals APAKAH PEMBENTUKAN HOLDING MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN ? ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA ANAK PERUSAHAAN ABC BUMN HOLDING SEBELUM DAN SETELAH HOLDINGISASI DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Bambang Utoyo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Non Parametric

Abstract: The government has established ABC BUMN Holding, with the hope that the performance of its subsidiaries' performance after holding has increased sharply. Unfortunately the financial performance of its subsidiaries is no better than before the holding. This study is intended to analyze the performance of ABC BUMN subsidiaries before and after holding and look for factors that affect their performance, with non-parametric statistical methods and discussions with experts. The results showed that the poor performance of subsidiaries was partly due to the focus of the holding Directors still on restructuring the debt of subsidiaries which were carried out before the establishment of holding, the low productivity of plantations as a result of late replenting, fertilization and maintenance that are not in accordance with the standard, the cost of revitalizing sugar mills has not been able to be prepared by the holding, the synergy between the parent company and its subsidiaries has not gone well, and there has been a tendency to decline in plantation commodity prices. Keywords: Holding, financial performance, low productivity of plantation,  statistic non parametric. Abstrak :Pemerintah telah membentuk ABC BUMN Holding, dengan harapan kinerja anak perusahaan setelah dilakukan holding meningkat secara tajam. Sayangnya kinerja keuangan anak perusahaannya tidak lebih baik dari sebelum holding. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis kinerja anak perusahaan ABC BUMN sebelum dan setelah holding dan mencari faktor yang memengaruhi kinerjanya, dengan metode statistic non parametric dan diskusi dengan pakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum baiknya kinerja anak perusahaan antara lain disebabkan fokus Direksi holding masih pada restrukturisasi hutang anak perusahaan yang terbawa dari sebelum pembentukan holding, rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan sebagai dampak terlambat replenting, pemupukan dan pemeliharaan yang tidak sesuai standar, besarnya biaya revitalisasi pabrik gula yang belum mampu disiapkan oleh holding, sinergi antara perusahaan induk dan anak perusahaan belum berjalan dengan baik, dan adanya kecenderungan turunnya harga komoditas perkebunan. Kata kunci: Holding, Kinerja keuangan, rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan, statistic non parametric.

scholarly journals Income Concentration, Market Size and Informal Sector in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Tchakounté Njoda Mathurin ◽  
Hamit Halou Chalout
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Income Concentration

In this study, we analyze the link between income concentration and the size of the informal sector. We construct a simple model where income concentration determines demand and firms decide whether to operate in the formal or the informal economy is outlined. The government collects taxes and returns them to society either as a productive public good for its use by formal firms or as transfers to the poor. It is further postulated that income distribution affects the response of the informal sector to different fiscal policies, either demand or supply-orientated. In this case, redistribution towards the middle class decreases the size of the informal sector and increases the capacity of fiscal instruments to reduce informality. Data concerns 38 Africans’ countries in which the characteristic of income distribution is similar across countries. Using this comparable macro-level panel data between 1991 and 2013, we find strong evidence that high-income concentration leads to a large informal sector. Furthermore, an economic policy, including the effective application of the tax and regulatory procedures, should help to keep down the size of the informal economy.

scholarly journals Theories of Money Supply: The Relationship of Money Supply in a Period of Time T-1 and Inflation in Period T- Empirical Evidence from Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorina Koti ◽  
Tomi Bixho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Theories Of Money

The aim of this paper is to present different approaches and theories, which are linked with money and inflation. Many studies are made to provide a high relationship of money and inflation. The changes in money supply always have affected the macroeconomic indicators such as inflation, unemployment, economic growth, trades and have let the governments to conduct the necessary fiscal and monetary policies, in order to react in an efficient way to reduce uncertainty and to build a sustainable economy. The paper analyses the theoretical links of money supply with unemployment, trade and exchange rate, taxes and wages. The regression analysis is conducted based on the theories of money. The analysis and the empirical results for Albania showed that money supply has strong relationship with economic growth, interest rate and inflation, but money supply has a negative sign toward inflation, by arguing that the case of Albania is specific, because of lack of money supply from banking system and money in circulation outside banks. From the results, we found that all money supplied by the financial system is fully absorbed by the private sector and individuals, without causing an increase on the inflation level. This may be argued from the financial crisis that affected Albania and the reduction of production, consumption, unemployment and delayed payments from the government toward business sector. Furthermore, there are suggested monetary policies for increasing the supply of money, and fiscal policies for increasing the demand for goods and services. The supply increases by the demand side, which need to be stimulated by production sector through fiscal policies and government development programs

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