Otto Fenichel: idee fra due continenti

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-142
Author(s):  
Alberto Angelini

Otto Fenichel in Europa pubblicò lavori in cui marxismo e psicoanalisi s'incontravano. Fondava la psicoanalisi sulla razionalità e sulla scienza utilizzando concetti marxisti e voleva impiegarla per spiegare gli aspetti soggettivi dei fenomeni storici. A livello teorico Fenichel, come Wilhelm Reich, propose idee che erano già state concepite da psicologi e psicoanalisti russi, in particolare da Lev S. Vygotskij e soprattutto Alexandr R. Lurija. Fenichel nella psicoanalisi percepiva l'avvento di idee antirazionaliste e in generale antilluministe, anche oggi presenti. Criticò Melanie Klein, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm e la Psicologia dell'Io. Quando giunse negli USA, come accadde ad altri il suo retroterra ideologico non fu accettato dal mondo psicoanalitico americano. Pur mantenendo i suoi interessi, nel dialogo critico con gli psicologi dell'Io e altri interlocutori divenne noto principalmente per i suoi lavori clinici e tecnici.

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-46
Author(s):  
Paul E. Stepansky

- The rise and fall of psychoanalytic book publishing in America is one sign of the progressive marginalization of psychoanalysis within American mental health care. The "glory era" of psychoanalytic book publishing, roughly the quarter century following the end of World War II, is described. This was the era when psychoanalyst-authors such as Karl Menninger, Erich Fromm, Erik Erikson, and Karen Horney published books of great commercial success. Cumulative sales data of noteworthy psychoanalytic books published in the United States over the past 70 years are reported, and document the continuous decline in sales since the 1970s. In accounting for the recent acceleration of this decline, Stepansky focuses on the internal fragmentation of a once cohesive profession into rival schools with sectarian features, each committed to a self-limited reading agenda. Stepansky discusses these issues from his vantage point as Managing Director of The Analytic Press from 1984-2006. [KEY WORDS: American psychoanalysis, publishing, books, fractionation, marginalization]


Adeptus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Płonecka

Negative sexuality as a passive social attitude Negative sexuality is a sexuality that isn’t a part of feeling of identity and self-acceptance. It is burdened with feelings of shame, guilt and threat. In Polish society there is an atmosphere of negative sexuality. There is a lack of tolerance towards diversity and sexual freedom, understood as free expression of the self. It is a situation which threatens the psychological well-being. The deprecation and normativization of human sexuality is ensnarled in relations of power which petrify the social status quo. That leads to totalitarian management of our sexuality and maintenance of that status due to psychological mechanisms of submitting to totalitarian powers. To show these processes I refer to such thinkers as Michel Foucault, Erich Fromm, Theodor Adorno, Wilhelm Reich and Karen Horney.Such reality is also a result of social processes which shaped it. Influential here were the processes related to power and culture. Negative templates have been present in our culture for long time, a fact which I exemplify by analyzing Polish culture through the Polish cinema of the People’s Republic period. Today, passive social attitudes have resulted in continued cultivating of these negative social norms.I show alternatives to the atmosphere of negative sexuality, describing the movement for positive sexuality and its benefits for psychological health of individuals and society. While I throw doubt on the possibility of a popularization of queer theory in Poland, I also show some universal strategies of resistance against those exercising power over human sexuality. I describe the phenomenon of bioresistance and freeing physicality drawing on the example of works by Krzysztof Pacewicz about the theories of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. In more practical terms, I analyze the present condition of sexual education anti-discrimination movements in Poland.In my work I want to show that a sexually positive life attitude, which means a life of acceptance of oneself and others and creation of a nonviolent space, enables universal self-acceptance and self-development. It is also a proactive social attitude because it requires intellectual and political involvement in regard to emerging reality. I believe that positive sexuality supported by positive sex-ed and social involvement is a very important element of resistance against power relations.  Negatywna seksualność jako bierna postawa społecznaNegatywna seksualność to seksualność, która nie składa się na poczucie tożsamości i samoakceptacji. Jest obarczona wstydem, poczuciem winy i zagrożenia. W polskim społeczeństwie panuje atmosfera negatywnej seksualności. Brak jest tolerancji dla różnorodności i wolności seksualnej rozumianej jako swobodna ekspresja siebie. Jest to sytuacja, która zagraża dobrostanowi psychicznemu. Deprecjonowanie i normatywizowanie ludzkiej seksualności jest uwikłane w relacje władzy, które petryfikują dany stan społeczny. Prowadzi to do totalitarnego zagospodarowania naszej seksualności i utrzymywania tego stanu dzięki psychicznym mechanizmom ulegania władzy totalitarnej. By pokazać te procesy, przywołuję myślicieli i myślicielki takie jak Michel Foucault, Erich Fromm, Theodor Adorno, Wilhelm Reich i Karen Horney.Taka rzeczywistość jest też rezultatem procesów społecznych, które ją ukształtowały. Miały na to wpływ procesy związane z władzą i kulturą. Negatywne wzorce są obecne w naszej kulturze od dawna. Polską kulturę analizuję przez pryzmat kina polskiego epoki PRL-u. Kultywowanie tych negatywnych norm społecznych to bierna postawa społeczna.Pokazuję alternatywy dla atmosfery negatywnej seksualności. Opisuję ruch pozytywnej seksualności i jego zalety dla zdrowia psychicznego jednostki i społeczeństwa.Poddaję w wątpliwość możliwość popularyzowania teorii queer w Polsce. Pokazuję pewne uniwersalne strategie oporu wobec władzy nad ludzką seksualnością. Opisuję zjawisko biooporu i uwalniania cielesności na przykładzie pracy Krzysztofa Pacewicza o teoriach Michela Foucaulta i Giorgio Agambena. Analizuję kondycję edukacji seksualnej i ruchów antydyskryminacyjnych w Polsce w czasie teraźniejszym.Moja praca ma pokazać, że sekspozytywna postawa życiowa, czyli akceptacja siebie i innych oraz tworzenie bezprzemocowej przestrzeni umożliwia powszechną samoakceptację i samorozwój. Jest jednocześnie aktywną postawą społeczną, ponieważ wymaga zaangażowania intelektualnego i politycznego we wpływaniu na zastaną rzeczywistość. Uważam, że pozytywna seksualność, wspierana pozytywną edukacją seksualną i zaangażowaniem społecznym, to bardzo istotny element oporu wobec relacji władzy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Da Terra da Rosa ◽  
Amadeu De Oliveira Weinmann
Keyword(s):  

O presente artigo tem como objetivo recuperar escritos das pioneiras da psicanálise sobre a sexualidade feminina. A importância do retorno a essas autoras está na possibilidade de elaboração de uma teoria da sexualidade feminina por mulheres, em um campo tradicionalmente ocupado por autores homens. As mulheres conseguiram sair do lugar de pacientes para se tornar autoras? Foi possível às mulheres ocupar um lugar de protagonismo na psicanálise? As psicanalistas escolhidas para pensar essas questões foram responsáveis por importantes torções na teoria freudiana sobre a sexualidade feminina e são reconhecidas na história da psicanálise por suas contribuições teóricas e clínicas. São elas: Karen Horney, Jeanne Lampl-de Groot, Ruth Mack Brunswick, Melanie Klein, Joan Riviere e Helene Deutsch. Nesse trabalho, pretende-se trazer à tona, novamente, suas contribuições, com o intuito de buscar uma herança feminina na psicanálise.


1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Peixoto Junior

o objetivo deste ensaio é fazer uma breve análise dos aportes de Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm e Herbert Marcuse, que de alguma forma contribuíram para a formulação de uma teoria psicanalítica da perversão social. Nesse sentido, percorremos algumas obras dos autores ao analisar conceitos importantes, tais como os de economia sexual, caráter autoritário, princípio de desempenho e dessublimação repressiva, para avaliar até que ponto eles podem ser utilizados como operadores conceituais na análise de alguns fenômenos sociais perversos. O ensaio também apresenta críticas a determinadas soluções propostas pelos autores, mostrando como os caminhos seguidos desembocam em dois modelos de utopia sexual e social.


2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Herzog

The work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari is experiencing a considerable revival in the early twenty-first century, among queer, disability, economic justice, and environmental activists, but also among psychoanalysts across a global geographical range. This essay revisits the key coauthored text of Anti-Oedipus (1972) – with its innovative mix of ideas taken from the work of Wilhelm Reich, Melanie Klein, Jacques Lacan, and Frantz Fanon – as well as an array of Guattari's subsequent writings in order to make an argument for Guattari as not just a critic of stultifying existing forms of psychoanalysis but also as a highly creative revitalizer of the psychoanalytic project. This project was, under the impact not least of the sexual revolution, feminism, and gay rights as well as New Left, anticolonial, and antiwar activism, undergoing substantial transformation as the locus of intensive productivity was shifting from the US to Western Europe and Latin America.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bentinck van Schoonheten
Keyword(s):  

Karl Abraham war der erste Psychoanalytiker Deutschlands und Gründer der Berliner Psychoanalytischen Vereinigung, die bis zur Übernahme der Nazis 1933 international führend war. Anna Bentinck van Schoonheten gelingt es mit beeindruckender Recherche und unter Einbezug auch bisher unbekannter Dokumente, den Menschen Karl Abraham zum Leben zu erwecken. Die Biografin beschreibt Abrahams persönliche Rolle als Leiter der Berliner Vereinigung und im »Geheimen Komitee« Freuds. Sie zeigt seinen Einfluss auf die theoretischen Leistungen seiner heute namhaften Analysanden, unter denen sich Karen Horney, Helene Deutsch, Edward Glover und Melanie Klein finden. Bis zu seinem vorzeitigen Tod entwickelte Abraham anhand klinischer Befunde und seiner eigenen Lebensgeschichte herausragende Beiträge zur Psychoanalyse – so erkannte er den Ursprung von Depressionen in der oralen Phase und wies den Weg zur Objektbeziehungstheorie.


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