Зміни лісомеліоративної складової протиерозійних заходів на прикладі ділянки з контурно-меліоративною організацією території

Аграрні інновації ◽

10.32848/agrar.innov.2021.7.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 60-64

Author(s):

В.П. Коляда ◽

О.В. Круглов ◽

А.О. Ачасова ◽

П.Г. Назарок ◽

Н.В. Тютюнник

Keyword(s):

Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Ulmus Pumila ◽

Arc Gis

Мета. Визначення функціональних змін лісомелі-оративної складової частини протиерозійних заходівна прикладі п’яти лісосмуг, що розташовані на схи-ловій ділянці з контурно-меліоративною організацієютериторії в умовах Північного Степу України. Методи.Порівняльний та ретроспективний – для обробленнярізночасових космічних зображень території дослі-джень для виявлення змін у структурі лісомеліора-тивних заходів в умовах регіонального ландшафтуПівнічного Степу. Як картографічну основу використо-вували топографічні карти М 1:10 000, а подальшу їхобробку й інтерпретацію проводили за допомогою ГІС-програм на кшталт ARC-GIS®, QGIS®. За результатамиобробки даних планували визначення ділянок лісосмугіз пошкодженою та відсутньою функціональною части-ною. Оціночний метод визначення стану деревних поріду захисних насадженнях за класифікацією їхньої життє-діяльності для умов степу та напівпустелі. Результати.Виявлено зміни лісомеліоративної складової частинипротиерозійних заходів у вигляді доповнення рос-линності лісомеліоративних насаджень дикорослоюпорослю таких деревних порід, як: ясень пенсильван-ський (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica), в’яз приземкуватий(Ulmus Pumila), клен ясенелистий (Acer Platanoides).Поросль дикорослих чагарникових порід була представ-лена кленом татарським (Acer Tataricum) та жимолостютатарською (Lonicera Tatarica). Зафіксовано зменшенняфункціональної частини приплакорної лісосмуги у верх-ній частині схилу на 82%, а лісосмуг у нижній частинісхилу на 56 та 59% відповідно. Оцінено життєздатністьта життєстійкість лісомеліоративних заходів за середнімбалом та встановлено відповідність проєктній доку-ментації лише двох лісосмуг, розташованих у середнійчастині схилу. Висновки. Оцінивши зміни лісомеліо-ративної складової частини протиерозійних заходів наприкладі робочої ділянки з контурно-меліоративноюорганізацією території, можна говорити про недостатнюїї захищеність від прояву водних ерозійних процесів. З метою запобігання змиву ґрунту на зазначеній тери-торії запропоновано провести доповнення або віднов-лення наявних лісомеліоративних заходів, організуватидодаткові агротехнічні й організаційно-господарські про-тиерозійні заходи.

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Assessment of adaptive capacity of native and adventive species of trees and shrubs in Dnipro region

Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель ◽

10.15421/442102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 12-21

Author(s):

I. A. Ivanko ◽

A. F. Kulik

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Ulmus Pumila ◽

Acer Negundo ◽

Ulmus Laevis

Nowadays, deterioration and loss of ecological functions of urban tree and shrub plantations take place in Europe and, in particular, in Ukraine; it was noted that their number is insufficient to counteract the negative impact of global climate change and protect the population against industrial pollution effects. The issue of resistance of native and adventitious tree species used in the plantations of industrial cities remains relevant; it necessitates the assessment of physiological and biochemical aspects of their adaptation to extreme environmental factors, such as moisture limit in the steppe zone, periodic dangerously low winter temperatures and anthropo-technogenic load (in large urban agglomerations). In order to optimize the assortment of tree species of large megalopolises of the steppe zone of Ukraine and determine their potential resistance to anthropogenic pressures the study was conducted in conditionally clean forest biogeocenoses of the Samara River levee zone and in artificial plantations on the territories located in the coastal zone of the Dnipro River within 1500 m from the Prydneprovskaya thermal electric station (PTES, Dnipro city). It well known that the TPP is the source of atmospheric air pollution by such heavy metals as lead and cadmium. A study of the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in leaves of native and adventive tree species showed that in the zone of Prydneprovskaya TES impact there was an increase of guaiacol peroxidase activity in Acer platanoides, Ulmus minor, Morus alba; benzidine peroxidase in Acer negundo, Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides; catalase in A. platanoides, A. negundo, U. laevis, Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoasasia. High peroxidase activity, which is complemented by higher catalase activity, indicates the relative resistance of these species to atropo-technogenic pressures supported by antioxidant defense mechanisms. Total chlorophyll content (Chla + Chlb) in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides and adventive Morus alba decreased in the zone of TPP impact in relation to conditionally clean areas. The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in contaminated areas significantly increased in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, Acer platanoides compared with control. The invasive species Acer negundo, Morus alba, Ulmus pumila had no significant changes in this indicator. In invasive species such as Ulmus pumila, Acer negundo there was an increase in leaf mass, which may indicate adaptation of these species to anthropogenically altered growth conditions.

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Spontaneous forest communities of introduced species in Kryvyi Rih area

Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель ◽

10.15421/442001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 3-16

Author(s):

I. I. Korshіkov ◽

Y. M. Petrushkevych ◽

S. I. Shkuta

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Ailanthus Altissima ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Rhamnus Cathartica ◽

Ulmus Pumila ◽

Acer Negundo ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

North Western

The article is devoted to the study of woody plants communities, that spontaneously form in the abandoned areas of Kryvyi Rih Area as a result of spontaneous-invasive settling of species in previously established plantations. For the study, we laid 16 trial plots in 5 growth sites of such communities. We determined the species composition and biometric characteristics of primary woody plants and those, that formed these communities due to the invasion. In the first such community, which was formed due to the settling of other species in a 40-year-old plantation of Salix alba L., we found on 3 plots with an area of 625 m2 94 medium-sized trees Acer negundo L. having height (h) 11.8–13.6 m, trunk diameter (D) 16.8–17.3 cm and crown projection area (S) 9.5–10.4 m2, as well as 210 young generative trees, their height varies between 6.5–7.3 m, trunk diameter 5.0–5.4 cm, and the projection of the crown 2.5–6.3 m2. In this community also grow young and medium-generative trees of Robinia pseudoacacia L. – respectively 7 individuals – h = 7.2–11.7 m, D = 8.1–10.7 cm, S = 6.1–6.5 m2 and 7 ones – h = 13.5–14.0 m, D = 18.1–27.0 cm, S = 14.0–38.5 m2. Among self-seeding plants, such species predominate: Acer platanoides L. – 3905 specimens and Acer negundo – 1823 specimens. Three species dominate in the three dense forestation massive near the highway, which occupy an area of 250 m2: Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila L., Fraxinus excelsior L. and Cerasus avium (L.) Moench. Robinia pseudoacacia is the most common among medium-generative plants, and Acer negundo, A. platanoides, A. tataricum L. – among young generative plants. Self-seeding of Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior and Acer negundo is dominated in this area. In the abandoned Ulmus pumila plantation near the iron ore mine in three areas with an area of 625 m2, 12 to 33 specimens of medium-generative trees of this species with a height of 12.2–13.1 m with a trunk diameter of 14.7–16.0 cm and a crown projection of 25, 5–27.3 m2. Its self-seeding is quite active in all areas. Self-seeding plants of Acer negundo are also present here – 51 specimens and Acer platanoides – 35 ones. Self-seeding plants of A. platanoides – 9837 specimens, A. pseudoplatanus – 2111 specimens, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle – 396 specimens dominate in the neglected park on the territory of 500 m2, where Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides, Robinia pseudoacacia grow. A study was also carried out on the example of the Zelena gully in order to determine how invasive species spontaneously penetrate into the formed steppe feathergrass-fescue phytocenoses. In the upper part of the Zelena gully, located outside of Kryvyi Rih, more than 40 years ago, forest belts were created from many species of shrubs, which have already been listed. Crataegus fallacina Klokov and Rhamnus cathartica L. diffusely inhabit and clearly predominate in the 6 trial plots that were laid on the slopes of the south-eastern and north-western exposures. In the presence of a large number of seed donors from the previously mentioned species on the slopes of the gully firstly Crataegus fallacina settles. Morphometric parameters of shrubs of these species were slightly larger on the north-western slope than on the south-eastern: the height of Crataegus fallacina – 2.5–2.9 m, and the diameter of the crown – 3.5–4.3 m, while in Rhamnus cathartica – the height of the bush was 0.7–0.8 m, and the diameter of the crown – 0.5–1.1 m. Thus, invasive species of Ulmus pumila, Acer negundo, Robinia pseudoacacia and Ailanthus altissima, which are the main in spontaneous communities in abandoned anthropogenically disturbed areas of the city, do not penetrate into stable phytocenoses. Most of these species of woody plants show low invasive activity and do not form multispecies communities in weakly disturbed feather-fescue phytocenoses.

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The Microscopy of Compatibility and Incompatibility in Ulmus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011934x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 504-505

Author(s):

B. L. Redmond ◽

Christopher F. Bob

Keyword(s):

Dutch Elm Disease ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Hybrid Progeny ◽

Ulmus Pumila ◽

Ulmus Americana ◽

American Elm ◽

Asian Species ◽

Ulmus Parvifolia ◽

Initial Appearance ◽

Chinese Elm

The American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) has been plagued by Dutch Elm Disease (DED), a lethal disease caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) c. Moreau. Since its initial appearance in North America around 1930, DED has wrought inexorable devastation on the American elm population, triggering both environmental and economic losses. In response to the havoc caused by the disease, many attempts have been made to hybridize U. americana with a few ornamentally less desirable, though highly DED resistant, Asian species (mainly the Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., and the Chinese elm Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.). The goal is to develop, through breeding efforts, hybrid progeny that display the ornamentally desirable characteristics of U. americana with the disease resistance of the Asian species. Unfortunately, however, all attempts to hybridize U. americana have been prevented by incompatibility. Only through a firm understanding of both compatibility and incompatibility will it be possible to circumvent the incompatibility and hence achieve hybridization.

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Species specificity of woody trees adaptation at technogenically transformed urbanhabitats of the Kyiv megalopolisis

Ecology and Noospherology ◽

10.15421/031519 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (3-4) ◽

pp. 42-61

Author(s):

O. G. Lucyshyn ◽

I. K. Teslenko

Keyword(s):

Woody Plants ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Horse Chestnut ◽

Tilia Cordata ◽

Technogenic Pollution ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Norway Maple ◽

Na Ions ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Lombardy Poplar

The recent ecological situation of Kyiv megalopolis has a special specific of environment technogenic pollution as a chemical features and content of polluting phytotoxicants. During 2007–2012, our observation revealed what the most dangerous factors which have harm impact on the street woody plants are the huge concentration of phytotoxic elements (Na+, Cl-, Pb2+, Cd2+). Nowadays, the technogenic impact on the megalopolyisis surrounding comes to the dangerous, even, catastrophic level. The main reason of total and chloral necrose of leaves, the summer defoliation of crown and major tree's death is the over pollution of the soil and plant's phytomass by phytotoxic elements, the concentration of which by standards evaluation and by trees reactions are critical and exists at the level of adaptation possibility and survival. The main sources of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions are transport outcomes (> 90 % of total technogenic pollution). The increasing of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the soil is depended from intensivity of transport outcomes, using of ethylated petrol, and location of trees along roads as well as from the trees species. Continuously increasing of number of cars at the city streets is accompanying with similar increasing of ions concentration. Thus, in the soil around root system of street woody plants, depending from their location along roads, the concentration of Pb2+ (moving form) is between 41,7 (I. Kudri str.) and 102,6 mg\kg of soil (Nauki avenue). It exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), which is 20,8–51,3 mg\kg of soil. Next, for Norway maple (Acer platanoides) the concentration of Pb2+ in the soil varies from 41,7 to 80,5 mg / kg of soil in the area of the root system and it is around 20,8–40,2 MPC. In the leaves of this tree it is 7,83–13,5 mg / kg of dry mass (MPC is 15,8–27,0). For the horse chestnut (Aedculus hippocastanum) at the Nauka avenue, the concentration of plumbum in the root is 13,4 mg / kg (MPC is 26,8), in the cortex – 17,7 mg / kg (MPC is 35,4), in leaves – 8,21 mg / kg (MPC is 16,4), which by the normative evaluation are the critical concentrations. The source of Na+ and Cl-, which is a new factor for Kyiv megalopolis, is irregular load of high concentrations of industrial salt NaCl into the environment, as a way against black ice in winter time, where the Na+ ions ( mobile form) is in the high concentrations in leaves (0,76 % for Norway maple (Acer platanoides) on the I. Kudri str., 1,28 % – small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata) at the 40-richya Zhovtnya ave, 2,0 % – horse chestnut (Aedculus hippocastanum) at the Nauki ave), those are exceeded the concentration of the element comparing to the control test object, respectively, in 10,6, 12,8 and 5,0 times. Na+ ions are an aggressive phytotoxins and the main factor of leaves necrose of tree crown (within 70–100 % necrosis leaves in the crown). Degradation and total reduction of the specific weight of plants in the megalopolis environment are decrease the cleaning role of the street tree plants, which are the main alive filters for soil and air cleaning, as well as the main bioaccumulators and detoxicants of harm substances of anthropogenic pollution. Species adaptive specificity is revealed at the bioaccumulation level and the selective locality of phytotoxic elements (Na+, Cl-, Pb2+, Cd2+, agile form) in technourbanhabitats-pic conditions, there dominated bioaccumulation and localization of Na+ ions by trees assimilative system is caused the adaptive orientation of endogenic and intraspecific variability of phytoindicative morphophysiologic features of plants functional condition under the stressing factors. This also is defined the sensitivity of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) to the big concentration of potassium as the most danger one for the plant survival. The biggest accumulation of Na+ ions at the roots of Lombardy poplar (Populus pyramidalis Roz.), Bolle's poplar (Populus bolleana Lauche) and sugar maple (Acer saccharinum L.) is lead to a higher resistance of their assimilation system. At the technourbohabitate-pic conditions, the level of realization of ontogenetic and phylogenetic adaptive capacity of the sensitive species of trees is harmfully low (21,3–44,3 %). It is at the level of survival/death of plants. The street Lombardy poplar, Bolle's poplar and sugar maple, despite of more higher level of their adaptation (68,4–87,7 %), still also can't fully adapt to the critical levels of technogenic pollution of megalopolis environment.

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Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Techniques and WQI in North East of Adama Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Hydrospatial Analysis ◽

10.21523/gcj3.19030103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 22-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shankar Karuppannan ◽

Nafyad Serre Kawo

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

World Health ◽

Geospatial Techniques ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

North East ◽

Drinking And Irrigation ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Arc Gis ◽

Health Organization

Assessment of groundwater quality is vital for the sustainable use of the resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. In this study spatial variation of physicochemical parameters were analyzed for Northeast Adama Town. Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation indices were used to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Further, the physical-chemical results were compared with the Ethiopian standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and public health. Using GIS interpolation methods in Arc GIS 10.3.1, spatial distribution maps of pH, TDS, EC, Cl−, HCO32−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, RSC, SAR, Na% were prepared. Results indicated that except ASTU well 2, all samples are below the desirable limits of WHO. The WQI results indicated that 85% of samples and 15% of samples were in good and poor categories, respectively. Irrigation indices show that the most groundwater samples have excellent water classes, indicating that they are suitable for irrigation purposes.

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