scholarly journals INDUSTRI NANAS: PERANAN DAN CABARAN DALAM PENJANAAN EKONOMI MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Anizah Md Ali
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Costa Rica

Nanas merupakan sejenis tanaman tropika yang dipercayai berasal dari bahagian timur Amerika Selatan. la diperkenalkan di Tanah Melayu pada abad ke-16 oleh orang Portugis. Selaras dengan perkembangan tanaman getah, pada tahun 1921, nanas mula ditanam di Singapura, Johor, dan Selangor sebagai tanaman kontan. Costa Rica merupakan pengeluar dan pengeksport utama nanas dunia. Produk nanas terdiri daripada nanas segar, jus nanas, dan nanas tin. Selain itu, nanas juga boleh diproses sebagai jem, sos, halwa, dan dikeringkan. Kedudukan Malaysia dalam pengeluaran dunia secara relatifnya adalah kecil iaitu pada kedudukan ke 19 pada tahun 2020. Namun, ia amat signifikan kepada ekonomi negara dari aspek pendapatan dan peluang pekerjaan. Di Malaysia kawasan penanaman utama adalah di Johor, Selangor, Pahang, Sarawak, Sabah, dan Kedah. Selain pasaran domestik, nanas Malaysia dieksport ke lebih 20 buah negara seperti China, Singapura, Hong Kong, dan Timur Tengah. Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perkembangan, sumbangan, dan cabaran industri nanas dalam penjanaan ekonomi Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tanaman nanas di Malaysia amat berpotensi di masa depan dan kerajaan perlu campur tangan untuk memastikan industri ini terus berdaya saing dalam memacu ekonomi Malaysia khususnya bagi menjamin kelangsungan tanaman nanas dan makanan amnya.

Anatomy of a Digital Project – The UCLA AIDS Poster Collection

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Davison ◽  
Katharine E. S. Donahue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
The United Kingdom

In August of 2004 the History & Special Collections of the Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library, UCLA purchased a collection of 625 AIDS posters from 44 countries including Australia, Austria, Canada, China (and Hong Kong), Costa Rica, France, Germany, India, Japan, Luxembourg, Martinique, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Tahiti, Uganda, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The posters were issued by a variety of institutions and organizations to educate and warn people about AIDS and to offer advice and information in visual form. Some are more blunt and graphic than others, and they come in many styles.

scholarly journals Oscilaciones macroeconómicas de Honduras y Costa Rica en relación a las economías de los países desarrollados

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Mario Roberto Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Per Capita

La estabilidad económica de las potencias mundiales no ha logrado ser sostenible en el tiempo debido a los sucesos políticos, económicos y a los efectos que lleva consigo la globalización. Dicha inestabilidad provoca un efecto multiplicador para aquellos países cuya economía gira en torno a las grandes potencias. En este sentido, se plantea un estudio de los ciclos económicos de Alemania, Estados Unidos y Hong Kong que permita conocer los puntos de giro, la similitud y tendencias de las oscilaciones, periodos, rangos y desfases, desviaciones, así como las asimetrías que puedan existir entre estas economías para crear un análisis reflexivo de la dependencia y correlación de economías subdesarrolladas como las de Honduras y Costa Rica hacia los países en mención. Para ello, se toma como base las variaciones del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), PIB per cápita, superávit o déficit de efectivo, Deuda Externa y la Inversión Extranjera Directa para un periodo de tiempo de diez y nueve años.

Cochliobolus ravenelii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
False Smut

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus ravenelii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sporobolus sp. DISEASE: False smut associated with the anamorph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Azores, Brazil, Burma, Costa Rica, Columbia, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds and air-borne conidia.

Physopella ampelopsidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vitis Aestivalis ◽  
Short Shoots

Abstract A description is provided for Physopella ampelopsidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Vitis aestivalis, V. coignetiae, V. flexuosa, V. inconstantis, V. labrusca, V. munsoniana, V. vinifera and Ampelopsis heterophylla. DISEASE: Leaf rust of grapes and Ampelopsis. Causes premature defoliation and induces the plants to produce short shoots with short nodes. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Ceylon, China, Formosa, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaya, Phillipines, Thailand); North America (U.S.A.); Central America (Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); South America (Colombia, Venezuela). (CMI Map 87 Ed. 2, 1965) TRANSMISSION: Chiefly by urediospores.

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection: The Hong Kong experience

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (11-s4) ◽  
pp. S289-S293 ◽  
Author(s):  
SSY WONG ◽  
WC YAM ◽  
PHM LEUNG ◽  
PCY WOO ◽  
KY YUEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection
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