scholarly journals Analysis of Chronobyl NPP Actual Costs Using International Structure for Decommissioning Costing

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
D. Stelmakh ◽  
S. Yudin ◽  
Yu. Karpenko ◽  
V. Odynytsia
Keyword(s):  
International Structure ◽  
Final Shutdown

The paper presents the analysis of actual costs for the decommissioning of Chornobyl NPP units 1, 2 and 3 in compliance with the International Structure for Decommissioning Costing ISDC (according to IAEA recommendations) in 2002–2015. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of the soonest possible reconstruction of the infrastructure of ensuring site life sustaining activities immediately after the final shutdown of power units to save resources. It is also a good illustration of the need to accumulate significant costs in NPP operation to create decommissioning infrastructure.

The Further Development of National Safety Assessment Standard for In-Service Pressure Equipment Containing Defects

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Shao ◽  
Guodong Jia ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Standard System ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
International Structure ◽  
Assessment Standard ◽  
Further Development

The fitness-for-service assessment is widely used to demonstrate whether identified defects or in-service deterioration threaten the structure integrity of the pressure equipment. This article introduces the development of the Chinese national safety assessment standard. The assessment procedure and assessment techniques of current Chinese national safety assessment standard GB/T 19624-2004 are demonstrated, and the improvement is proposed. In order to maintain availability of aging equipment and enhance the long-term economic performance of in service pressure equipment, a new Chinese national safety assessment standard system is methodology proposed based on the analysis of some international structure integrity procedures or standards. A new national standard fitness-for-service which focuses on the evaluation of in-service damage and degeneration will be established while GB/T 19624 is applicable for general defects.

Implementation of the International Structure for Decommissioning Costing: Examples and Related IAEA Projects

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Daniska ◽  
Michele Laraia ◽  
Patrick O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
General Basis ◽  
International Structure ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

In 1999, IAEA, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the European Commission jointly proposed the standardised listing of decommissioning activities [1] to serve as a general basis for presentation of decommissioning costs and for promoting the harmonisation in decommissioning costing. The standardised listing of activities [1] was developed in three hierarchical levels based on analysis of typical decommissioning activities identified in various decommissioning projects. The structure [1] has been currently updated by the same organisations as the International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) based on the experience gained over ten years of use of the original standardised listing [2]. First part of the paper presents the revised ISDC. The principle of the three-level original hierarchical structure has been preserved. Re-definition of the content and re-structuring was done to avoid ambiguity and to ensure comprehensiveness. Paper presents two basic approaches for implementation of the ISDC structure in costing — converting the cost data available in specific cost structures, mostly according the work breakdown structures of decommissioning projects into ISDC and implementation of the ISDC as the cost calculation structure. Examples of the second approach are given to show that this approach is feasible and may have several advantages. An ORACLE based costing model with implemented of the extended ISDC for detailed costing and an Excel based costing model for preliminary costing at IAEA for research reactors are given.

The Semiperipheral States in the Twenty-first Century: Measuring the Structural Position of Regional Powers and Secondary Regional States

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-50
Author(s):  
Daniel Morales Ruvalcaba
Keyword(s):  
World System ◽  
First Century ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
The World ◽  
International Structure ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Complex Structural

The notion of semiperiphery refers to specific, delimited, observable and geographically referenced spaces: the semiperipheries fulfil a complex structural function and are not common in the world system. In this way, what countries have transited through these ascending/descending mobilities and now make up the semiperiphery? This article not only presents an extensive theoretical review of the concept of semiperiphery but also demonstrates the coexistence of two groups of states in the semiperiphery: the first, the high or strong, semiperiphery, is composed of the so-called regional powers; the second, the low or weak, semiperiphery, is made up of a group that has been little studied so far and that can be named as secondary regional states. Due to an increase in their material and immaterial capacities, the regional powers entered into a dynamic of rise in the first decade of the twenty-first century and, with this, they strengthened their position in the international structure; secondary regional states did not stand out due to their emergence, but they significantly increased their semi-material capacities, which places them on the path of development. However, none of the cases have overcome their situation and semiperipheral nature.

Commentary: Kosovo and the Responsibility of Power

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Allott
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
World Views ◽  
International Court ◽  
International Structure ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
International Social

The bombing of Kosovo was a crude manifestation of a clash of immanent world-views. The negative of a pre-1945 horizontal and bilateral international structure by a post-1945 vertical and multilateral structure is beginning to produce a new structure, a structure of international social order, a third dimension which contains and surpasses the other two. The International Court, itself an institutional relic of an horizontal and bilateral world, is not well placed to assert social responsibility over the arrogant public-realm power which is being wielded in the name of international social order.

scholarly journals International regimes: lessons from inductive analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Puchala ◽  
Raymond F. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
International Regimes ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
International Structure ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Inductive Analysis

International regimes are attitudinal phenomena. They are thus subjective and exist primarily as participants' understandings, expectations or convictions about legitimate, appropriate or moral behavior. Regimes are identified and their tenets described by studying records of participants' perceptions gleaned either from interview transcripts or from appropriate documents. Theorizing concerning international regimes currently focuses upon identifying analytic characteristics that might become bases for comparative empirical studies and foundations for generalization. Particularly promising are comparisons of international regimes with regard to specificity, formality, modes of change, and distributive bias. The regime that buttressed late 19th century European colonialism is compared to the international food regime of the present day with respect to these analytic features. Observations on the two cases suggest reasons why some international regimes are durable and others fragile, why some invite wide compliance and others provoke deviation, and why some change while the international structure of power remains constant but others change only after the weak become strong.

scholarly journals The international structure of a pala and a peat plateau in the Rivière Boniface region, Québec: Interferences on the formation of ice segregation mounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Allard ◽  
Luc Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Sandy Silt ◽  
International Structure ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Drill Holes ◽  
Ice Segregation

Abstrat The internal structure of a 5.7 m high palsa was studied through a pattern of closely spaced drill holes in permafrost along two orthogonal section lines. Holes were also drilled on a 1.3 m high peat plateau along a topographic transect for comparison purposes. The morphology of the palsa closely reflects the shape of the ice-rich core heaved by the growth of thick ice lenses in thick marine clay silts of the Tyrrell Sea. During and since palsa growth, the sand and peat covering was deformed by gelifluction and sliding and was also partly eroded by overland flow and wind. Palsa growth was accompanied by the formation of numerous ice-filled fault planes in the frozen sediments. The peat plateau was heaved to a lower height through the formation of thin ice lenses in an underlying layer of sandy silt only 1.4 m thick; this sediment is believed to be of intertidal origin. Therefore, the local Quaternary geomorphological settings are at the origin of differences in morphology and size between the palsa and the peat plateau. General inferences for the development of palsas and like landforms are made from the findings of the study.

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