scholarly journals Perspective technology of recycling of radioactive contaminated metal based on its melting

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Balakin ◽  
V. Mashinistov ◽  
A. Koveria
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Safety Criterion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Melted Metal

Melting of the radioactively contaminated metal converts it as a source of ionizing radiation from a surface distribution of radionuclides into the source with their volume distribution. From the surface of the melted metal gamma radiation of a part of radionuclides is emitted, which are in its scope. Alpha and beta radiation are absorbed completely in the metal. To obtain a radiation-safe metal it is necessary that the amount of gamma-emitting radionuclides, which are loaded into the furnace together with the charge, did not exceed the established allowable level. The radiation safety criterion of the melted metal is the maximum value of the gamma radiation power from its surface, the established limit of the individual annual effective radiation dose is not exceeded. There is a need for experimental verification of theoretical results was obtained. The use of this technology will allow the return to industrial production of large amounts of accumulated radioactively contaminated metal and creates conditions for the prevention of environmental violations.

Radiation Situation at the Tailing Dump of the Stepnogorsk Mining-Chemical Combine and Adjacent Territories. Message I

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
П. Казымбет ◽  
P. Kazymbet ◽  
М. Бахтин ◽  
M. Bahtin ◽  
Е. Кашкинбаев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Tailing Dump ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: Assessment of the radiation situation at the tailing dump of the Stepnogorsk Mining-Chemical Combine (SMCC) and the settlements around. Material and methods: The tailing dumps of the SMCC and the settlements near located of Aksu, Kvartsytka and Zavodskaya were objects of the radioecological research. Field expedition studies were performed during the summer period and consisted in carrying out a detailed gamma survey of the territory of the investigated objects and settlements, sampling of surface waters, vegetation, surface and layered soil samples. In settlements, along with sampling and studying the gamma background, the equivalent equilibrium volume activity of radon daughters in residential and industrial premises was determined. To determine the concentrations of the studied radionuclides a background was selected, within which the levels of their global deposition were studied. To calculate the individual effective radiation dose of the population the National Radiation Protection Board methodology was used as the basis. Results: In the northern part of the tailing dump of the SMCC in the adjoining territory, a radioactive contamination site was found where the specific activity values for 226Ra, 232Th and 210Pb reach values of 1500–2000 Bq/kg. On the territory of the Aksu settlement, 5 local areas with the area from 25 to 1000 m2 were found, with the intensity of ambient dose equivalent of gamma radiation from 0.39 to 0.86 µSv/h. In the Zavodskaya village, two areas with increased levels of gamma radiation intensity were identified. Conclusion: The obtained results of field work and laboratory analytical studies testify to the negative impact of the tailing dump of the SMCC on the environment of adjacent territories, expressed in contamination of soil, water and vegetation with radionuclides. The nature of the abnormal areas on the territory of the settlements of Aksu and Zavodskaya excludes their origin from the tailing dump of the SMCC. The appearance of these areas of contamination may be due to the use of materials of the 3rd class in sanitary and hygienic standards for improvement and road construction. The probable annual effective dose for the population living in the radioactive local areas of the Aksu ~6.5 mSv/year, at the normal rate of 1 mSv/year from man-made radiation sources.

scholarly journals Estimation of effective radiation dose for households living in rare earth mines in Nam Xe, Lai Chau province

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Van Dung Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Thuan Dao ◽  
Hao Quang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Effective Radiation

According to the United Nations Scientific Council on the Effects of Atomic Radiation(UNSCEAR), the global average dose level for the community is 2.4mSv/year. People living in the areas with high levels of radiation will cause adverse effects on their health. There are two main components that cause the dose of radiation, mainly due to the inhalation of radon and the extra dose of gamma radiation. The paper presents the results of assessment of natural effective radiation doses on the basis of the projected outpatient dosimetry in 70 households living in Mau and Mo village of Nam Xe, Phong Tho distrist, Lai Chau province.

scholarly journals Radiation protection of melting of radioactive contaminated metal

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Lukin E ◽  
Mashinistov V ◽  
Galkin O ◽  
Muzychenko A
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Multistage System ◽  
Electrostatic Filter ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aerosol Emissions ◽  
Effective Radiation

An integral component of modern technogenic activities using nuclear energy is the accumulation of radioactively contaminated metals. Solving the issues of recycling or returning these metals to reuse is inextricably linked to ensuring the radiation safety of people and the environment at all stages of the technological cycle using radioactive metal. Possible consequences of the effect of ionizing radiation on the human body are considered, the features of radioactively contaminated metal as a possible source of radiation for production personnel are investigated, as well as the analysis of radiation safety of the utilization of radioactively contaminated metal by its melting using self-deactivation effect. It is noted that an important element of the complex of measures for radiation safety of production personnel is the assessment of the radiation situation, and its main purpose and overall content is indicated. The basic principles of radiation safety are formulated. The choice of rational options for the actions of production personnel in the disposal of radioactive contaminated metal eliminates the exposure of people to radiation levels that exceed standard values. Additional radiation exposure to the environment is also excluded. It is shown that the criterion of radiation safety of a metal is the maximum dose rate of gamma radiation from its surface, which ensures that the limit of the individual annual effective radiation dose is not exceeded. It is reasonable to review the permissible levels of radiation exposure of personnel performing operations with radioactively contaminated metal in accordance with the procedure established by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. A multistage system for cleaning ventilation emissions from a melting furnace using an electrostatic filter at the last stage, which directly cleans gas aerosol emissions from radionuclides, is proposed. The results of the study can contribute to the return to production of large volumes of radioactively contaminated metal, significantly improve the technical and economic performance of metal production and help to prevent environmental disturbances.

scholarly journals 210Po and 210Pb Isotopes Content in the Water of Artificial Lake of Istiklol City of the Republic of Tajikistan and their Bioaccumulation in the Fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(св)) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
V. M. Miryakhyaev ◽  
K. I. Tilloboev ◽  
Kh. M. Nazarov ◽  
M. M. Makhmudova ◽  
U. M. Mirsaidov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Pb Isotopes ◽  
Uranium Mine ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Effective Radiation

The results of monitoring of 210Po and 210Pb isotopes in water of artificial lake (former uranium mine) of Istiklol city of the Republic of Tajikistan and their bio-accumulation are given. Fish living in this area is using as a food by local population. It has been found that the level of210Po isotope in the liver of fish, in particular of carаs fish, was relatively high. It has been defined that the annual effective radiation dose from gamma radiation and isotopic activity in water for human in the Istiklolcity exceeds the recommended annual threshold dose level (10 mSv). 

Effective Radiation Dose in a Skeletal Survey Performed for Suspected Child Abuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel P. Berger ◽  
Ashok Panigrahy ◽  
Shawn Gottschalk ◽  
Michael Sheetz
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Skeletal Survey ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Radiation

scholarly journals Simulated Radiation Dose Reduction in Whole-Body CT on a 3rd Generation Dual-Source Scanner: An Intraindividual Comparison

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Andreas S. Brendlin ◽  
Moritz T. Winkelmann ◽  
Phuong Linh Do ◽  
Vincent Schwarze ◽  
Felix Peisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Intraindividual Comparison ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Effective Radiation

To evaluate the effect of radiation dose reduction on image quality and diagnostic confidence in contrast-enhanced whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) staging. We randomly selected March 2016 for retrospective inclusion of 18 consecutive patients (14 female, 60 ± 15 years) with clinically indicated WBCT staging on the same 3rd generation dual-source CT. Using low-dose simulations, we created data sets with 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% of the original radiation dose. Each set was reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and Advanced Modeled Iterative Reconstruction (ADMIRE®, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) strength 1–5, resulting in 540 datasets total. ADMIRE 2 was the reference standard for intraindividual comparison. The effective radiation dose was calculated using commercially available software. For comparison of objective image quality, noise assessments of subcutaneous adipose tissue regions were performed automatically using the software. Three radiologists blinded to the study evaluated image quality and diagnostic confidence independently on an equidistant 5-point Likert scale (1 = poor to 5 = excellent). At 100%, the effective radiation dose in our population was 13.3 ± 9.1 mSv. At 20% radiation dose, it was possible to obtain comparably low noise levels when using ADMIRE 5 (p = 1.000, r = 0.29). We identified ADMIRE 3 at 40% radiation dose (5.3 ± 3.6 mSv) as the lowest achievable radiation dose with image quality and diagnostic confidence equal to our reference standard (p = 1.000, r > 0.4). The inter-rater agreement for this result was almost perfect (ICC ≥ 0.958, 95% CI 0.909–0.983). On a 3rd generation scanner, it is feasible to maintain good subjective image quality, diagnostic confidence, and image noise in single-energy WBCT staging at dose levels as low as 40% of the original dose (5.3 ± 3.6 mSv), when using ADMIRE 3.

A Call to Define Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Pollock ◽  
L Dade Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Short History ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiation Delivery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
And Training

Abstract STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IS the single-session, precise delivery of a therapeutically effective radiation dose to an imaging-defined target. Conceived and developed during the past 5 decades, stereotactic radiosurgery has involved significant advances, which have improved patient outcomes and made it a critical component of modern neurosurgical practice and training. In this article, a short history of stereotactic surgery and radiosurgery are presented, and radiosurgery is contrasted to radiation therapy. Adherence to accepted, descriptive terms in defining stereotactic radiosurgery and radiation therapy permits a clear distinction among the results of the different radiation delivery techniques for patients, physicians, and other interested parties.

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