A Call to Define Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Pollock ◽  
L Dade Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Short History ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiation Delivery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
And Training

Abstract STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IS the single-session, precise delivery of a therapeutically effective radiation dose to an imaging-defined target. Conceived and developed during the past 5 decades, stereotactic radiosurgery has involved significant advances, which have improved patient outcomes and made it a critical component of modern neurosurgical practice and training. In this article, a short history of stereotactic surgery and radiosurgery are presented, and radiosurgery is contrasted to radiation therapy. Adherence to accepted, descriptive terms in defining stereotactic radiosurgery and radiation therapy permits a clear distinction among the results of the different radiation delivery techniques for patients, physicians, and other interested parties.

A short history of Polish formations protecting the governing bodies of the state

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Aneta Drożdż
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Short History ◽  
Control Subsystem ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important People ◽  
The Moment

This paper presents a short history of Polish formations protecting the governing bodies of the state, starting from the moment Poland regained independence at the end of the twentieth century. The considerations are presented against the rules and principles of the functioning of the state security system, with particular emphasis on the control subsystem. This paper demonstrates the need to research attitudes to safety in the past, in order to develop and apply effective contemporary solutions. The considerations contained in it also concern the existing threats to the management of state organs. They may contribute to further discussions on the purpose and rules of operation of the formation which is supposed to protect the most important people in the state.

The Origins of the Benin Kingship in the Works of Jacob Egharevba

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 141-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Eisenhofer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Early History ◽  
Short History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The kingdom of Benin has the reputation of being one of the most important examples for a king-oriented state-formation in sub-Saharian Africa. In the past few decades much research has appeared on the early history of this kingdom, the origin of its kingship, and the time of the early Ogiso kings, who are considered by many historians as the autochthonous founders of Benin kingship around 900. These Ogiso rulers are assumed to have been replaced between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries by kings of the later Oba dynasty, which supposedly descends from the Yoruba town of Ife and which continues in office at the present.The abundance of literature on the early history of the Benin kingdom often hides the fact that, apart from sporadic—and for the most part isolated—reports from travelers, a few archeological accounts, and some vaguely dated objects from Benin, the reconstruction of the early history of Benin is based almost exclusively on the data of the Bini local historian Jacob Egharevba, who published prolifically on Benin history and culture from 1930 to 1970. The most famous of his works is the Short History of Benin—a small publication, where the author deals with the history of the kingdom from its origins until the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Vignette Thyroid Surgery: A Glimpse Into its History

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dorairajan ◽  
P.V. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Short History ◽  
Operating Theater ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Abstract At present, physicians and surgeons treating thyroid disorders can rely on highly accurate and precise investigations, modern equipment, and state of the art operating theater to achieve optimum results; however, this was not the case at the beginning of the treatment of thyroid diseases centuries ago. We present a short history of the treatment and understanding of thyroid diseases in the past few decades. Also we present the contributions of the important surgeons who tried to perfect the treatment of thyroid diseases, including surgery, thus making modern day management easier.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Pelaksanaan Pijat Bayi Kepada Ibu Yang Memiliki Bayi di Desa Pondok Keumuning, Pondok Kelapa dan Pondok Nias

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1448-1458
Author(s):  
Fazdria Fazdria ◽  
Nora Veri ◽  
Cut Mutiah ◽  
Dewita Dewita
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Brain Waves ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training

ABSTRAK Di Indonesia, meskipun sejarah pemijatan berawal dari nenek moyang masa lampau, namun pijat bayi yang diperkenalkan bukanlah pijat tradisional yang dilakukan oleh dukun bayi atau dukun pijat yang pijatannya tidak aman. Pijat bayi yang dimasyarakatkan adalah pijat modern yang memadukan antara ilmiah (kesehatan), seni, dan kasih sayang. Pijat bayi akan membuat bayi tidur lebih lelap dan meningkatkan kosentrasi kesiagaan (alertness) atau kosentrasi. Hal ini disebabkan pijatan dapat mengubah gelombang otak. Pengubahan ini terjadi dengan cara menurunkan gelombang alpha dan peningkatan gelombang beta, serta tetha yang dapat dibuktikan dengan penggunaan EEG (electro enchephalogram). Tujuan kegiatan adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu dalam melakukan pijat bayi di Desa Pondok Kelapa, Pondok Nias dan Pondok Kemuning Kec. Langsa Baro Kota Langsa. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah program pendidikan masyarakat melalui edukasi dan pelatihan pijat bayi pada ibu bayi dan balita. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang telah dilakukan oleh Dosen Prodi D-III Kebidanan Langsa pada tanggal 30 September s/d 2 Oktober 2020 didapatkan hasil mayoritas peserta pengabdian kepada masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang pijat bayi yaitu sebanyak 17 orang (56,7%) dan mayoritas terampil dalam melakukan pijat bayi yaitu sebanyak 22 orang (73,3%). Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Keterampilan, Pijat Bayi  ABSTRACT In Indonesia, although the history of massage dates back to the ancestors of the past, the baby massage introduced is not a traditional massage performed by a baby shaman or a massage shaman whose massage is not safe. A popularized baby massage is a modern massage that blends scientific (health), art, and compassion. Baby massage will make the baby sleep better and increase alertness or concentration. This is because massage can alter brain waves. This conversion occurs by lowering alpha waves and increasing beta waves, as well as tetha which can be proven by the use of EEG (electroencephalogram). The purpose of the activity is to improve the knowledge and skills of mothers in performing baby massage in Pondok Kelapa Village, Pondok Nias, and Pondok Kemuning Kec. Langsa Baro Langsa City. The method of devotion used in this activity is a community education program through the education and training of baby massage in infants and toddler mothers. The results of community service that has been done by Lecturers of Prodi D-III Midwifery Langsa on September 30 to October 2, 2020, obtained the results of the majority of participants of community service have good knowledge about baby massage that is as many as 17 people (56.7%) and the majority are skilled in performing baby massage that is as many as 22 people (73.3%). Keywords: Knowledge, Skills, Baby Massage

scholarly journals Romanian documentary in transition : the role of documentary films in reshaping post-communist Romanian identity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronela Serb
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Short History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bank Robbery ◽  
History Of

Since the fall of communism in 1989, Romanian citizens have changed dramatically, along with Romanian electronic media, which have transformed themselves from a one-party-controlled institution to a plethora of commercial broadcasters. By focusing on this era of dramatic transition, this thesis argues that documentary films have provided Romanians with the tools needed to deal with the past critically. More specifically, the intent of this thesis is to analyze how documentary films do the work of selecting, recollecting, and re-presenting narratives of the past, and to demonstrate that editorial choices resonate with wider social needs. The scope is limited to a short history of the documentary genre, focusing on a detailed analysis of two post-communist documentaries: Memorial of Pain ('Memorialul durerii', 1991), by TV producer Lucia Hossu-Longin and The Great Communist Bank Robbery ("Marele jaf comunist', 2004), by Alexandru Solomon. Ultimately, the thesis traces the ways in which trauma, shame, and amnesia also influence the shaping of both documentaries and identities.

scholarly journals Optimizing Food and Beverage Product Development: From the Past to the 21st Century and Beyond

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Howard Moskowitz ◽  
Derek Roberts ◽  
Divya Nagarajan ◽  
Attila Gere
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Short History ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Stimuli

Psychophysics is the oldest branch of experimental psychology, devoted to understanding the relation between physical stimuli (e.g., ingredients, processes) and subjective response. When applied to developing food products for commercial use, psychophysics takes on a new role, as a center point in an evolving ecology of many unrelated but relevant disciplines and professions. We present a short history of the application of psychophysics to the world of food product design, and the ecosystems which grew around it, evolved, changed, and had to be reengineered to be relevant for the 21st century.

scholarly journals What We Can Learn From Studying The Past: The Wonderful Usefulness of History in Educational Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Westberg
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Short History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Why should educational researchers study the history of education? This article suggests that this research is of immediate relevance to current issues of education and may therefore serve a wide variety of purposes. The main argument is that history of education offers four vital contributions: a unique methodological expertise that in turn enables historians of education to provide educational research with vital explanations, comparisons, and the ability to analyse the use and abuse of history in contemporary educational policy and debate. In short, history of education is vital to educational research, not despite its historical orientation, but because of it. Consequently, this paper poses a challenge, both for the field of educational research to promote educational historical research, and for historians of education to explore the untapped potential of this sub-discipline.

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