scholarly journals Description Of Associative Behaviour During Microbial Cellulose Utilization By Clostridium Thermocellum For Application In Advanced Biomass Conversion Process Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Dumitrache
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Substrate Hydrolysis

Recent findings support the concept that Clostridium thermocellum is a cellulose-utilizing specialist having growth benefits with increasing substrate chain length. We developed a continuous-flow system for in-situ detection of cellulose colonization and qualitatively assayed metabolic activities and behaviour of cellulolytic cultures. This study demonstrates the existence of strongly adherent celluloytic cells arranged in monolayers with invariably end-on attached spores. The substrate-cell distance was recorded to be lower than 0.44 pm and a typical EPS matrix was absent. Measurements on carbon dioxide released in continuous-flow cultures was successfully employed to monitor biofilm activity and total carbohydrate assays do not reveal loss of cellulolysis end-products in the effluent. These findings demonstrate the bacteria have optimized access to the cellulosic substrates and suggest that they have an ability to sequester products of substrate hydrolysis which confers benefits over non-adherent cellulolytic or non-cellulolytic organisms.

scholarly journals Description Of Associative Behaviour During Microbial Cellulose Utilization By Clostridium Thermocellum For Application In Advanced Biomass Conversion Process Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Dumitrache
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Substrate Hydrolysis

Recent findings support the concept that Clostridium thermocellum is a cellulose-utilizing specialist having growth benefits with increasing substrate chain length. We developed a continuous-flow system for in-situ detection of cellulose colonization and qualitatively assayed metabolic activities and behaviour of cellulolytic cultures. This study demonstrates the existence of strongly adherent celluloytic cells arranged in monolayers with invariably end-on attached spores. The substrate-cell distance was recorded to be lower than 0.44 pm and a typical EPS matrix was absent. Measurements on carbon dioxide released in continuous-flow cultures was successfully employed to monitor biofilm activity and total carbohydrate assays do not reveal loss of cellulolysis end-products in the effluent. These findings demonstrate the bacteria have optimized access to the cellulosic substrates and suggest that they have an ability to sequester products of substrate hydrolysis which confers benefits over non-adherent cellulolytic or non-cellulolytic organisms.

Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Cu CMP: In-situ Detection of Chemical Species in the Slurry

2006 ◽  
Vol 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddartha Kondoju ◽  
Pierre Lucas ◽  
Srini Raghavan ◽  
Paul Fischer ◽  
Mansour Moinpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Cu Cmp

AbstractSlurries used for copper CMP have a rich chemistry, which may change during the course of polishing due to consumption and decomposition of molecular species. Various aspects, such as small layer thickness (<50 μm), continuous flow of the slurry, and dynamics of the film removal process pose great challenge to the monitoring of slurry components between the pad and the wafer. The slurry constituents such as oxidants and corrosion inhibitors have unique signatures that can be detected using spectroscopic techniques. In this paper, work carried out to explore the use of Raman spectroscopy to detect and quantitate chemical species such as hydroxylamine, benzotriazole and hydrogen peroxide in-situ will be presented. More detailed study pertaining to the protonation of hydroxylamine with respect to the pH will also be presented. An abrasion cell integrated with a Raman spectrometer was used to make the measurements.

scholarly journals A Continuous Flow System for In-Situ XANES Measurements of Change in Oxidation State of Ce (III) to Ce (IV)

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Ohnuki ◽  
Takahiro Yoshida ◽  
Takuya Nankawa ◽  
Takuo Ozaki ◽  
Naofumi Kozai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation State ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Continuous Flow System ◽  
In Situ Xanes

In situ fabrication of high-permeance ZIF-8 tubular membranes in a continuous flow system

2014 ◽  
Vol 148 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyin Kong ◽  
Xiongfu Zhang ◽  
Yaguang Liu ◽  
Shaohui Li ◽  
Haiou Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Continuous Flow System ◽  
In Situ Fabrication ◽  
Tubular Membranes

scholarly journals Acyl azide generation and amide bond formation in continuous-flow for the synthesis of peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Mata ◽  
Ulrich Weigl ◽  
Oliver Flögel ◽  
Pius Baur ◽  
Christopher A. Hone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Peptide Coupling ◽  
Amide Bond Formation ◽  
Acyl Azides ◽  
Acyl Azide

Acyl azides were safely generated by using nitrous acid in water and reacted in situ within a flow system. The acyl azide was efficiently extracted into the organic phase containing an amine nucleophile for a highly enantioselective peptide coupling.

Nitrification and Autotrophic Denitrification in Calcium Alginate Beads

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Lewandowski ◽  
R. Bakke ◽  
W. G. Characklis
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Alginate Gel ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Calcium Alginate Gel

Immobilization of nitrifiers and autotrophic denitrifiers (Thiobacillus denitrificans) within calcium alginate gel was demonstrated. Calcium carbonate reagent was immobilized along with bacteria as the stabilizing agent. Protons released as a result of microbial respiration reacted with calcium carbonate producing calcium ions which internally stabilized the calcium alginate gel. The microbially active gel beads were mechanically stable and active for three months in a continuous flow system without addition of calcium.

Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Ikuta ◽  
Y. Ebie ◽  
A. Hirata ◽  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document