Analyzing the Impact of the Phius HRV/ERV protocol on North American Passive House Certification

10.32920/ryerson.14654880.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jimmy Tang

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Passive House ◽

Testing Procedures ◽

Margin Of Error ◽

Passive Houses ◽

The Impact

The stated heat recovery efficiency of HRV and ERV units in North American passive houses is dependent on the testing procedures and calculation methods established by several pertinent performance testing standards. This project highlights major differences between the applicable HRV/ERV standards for North American passive houses: the European Passive House Institute standard, the Canadian CSA-439-09 standard, and the American HVI-920 standard. It further examines the proposed PHIUS protocol which established ɳPHUIS, a modified HRV/ERV heat recovery efficiency rating to more accurately reflect the North American climate. Simulations were performed to quantify its effect on the modelled annual heat demand for 31 certified passive houses. The results yielded two key findings. First, the margin of error for the new rating, ɳPHUIS, relative to the existing rating, Ɛ, is a function of the regional climate given by the equation: y = 0.00001x + 0.0012. Locations with a colder climate have longer winters, thereby increasing the heating demand and intensifying the margin of error. Second, small to medium sized houses with floor areas (<250m2), which formed 90% of the sample study, have the largest impact on the margin of error up from 3.8% to 12% compared to large homes (>250 m2) from 2.8% to 4.2%. The results validate the necessity for PHIUS’ proposed ɳPHUIS for North American HRV/ERVs.

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The impact of spring subsurface soil temperature anomaly in the western U.S. on North American summer precipitation: A case study using regional climate model downscaling

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/2012jd017692 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 117 (D11) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Yongkang Xue ◽

Ratko Vasic ◽

Zavisa Janjic ◽

Y. M. Liu ◽

Peter C. Chu

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Regional Climate Model ◽

North American ◽

Climate Model ◽

Temperature Anomaly ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Summer Precipitation ◽

Subsurface Soil ◽

The Impact

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Reducing linear thermal bridging in passive house details

10.32920/ryerson.14662017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Balicki

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Major Research ◽

Passive House ◽

Research Project ◽

Alternative Material ◽

Thermal Bridging ◽

Passive Houses ◽

The Impact

This Major Research Project focuses on reducing the linear thermal bridging coefficient (ψ-value) in junction details in Passive Houses in North America. By analyzing a sample of details from existing Passive Houses in North America, the range of ψ-values was found to be between -0.154 and 0.124 W/mK. A process was outlined to lower the ψ-value in junction details. Strategies that can be used to reduce the ψ-value include: localized overcladding, thermal breaks, alternative material, and alternative construction. The first and last strategies were found to be most effective at reducing the ψ-value. Comparing the results of PHPP simulations for several houses, with and without linear thermal bridging, showed that the impact on the specific heating energy intensity can be large. The PHPP models showed that savings of 6-25% on the specific heating energy intensity can be achieved by applying the reduction process to details above 0.01 W/mK.

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Impact of Thermal Asymmetry on Efficiency of the Heat Recovery and Ways of Restoring Symmetry in the Flow Reversal Reactors

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijcre-2018-0021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krzysztof Gosiewski ◽

Anna Pawlaczyk-Kurek

Keyword(s):

Heat Recovery ◽

Flow Reactor ◽

Reverse Flow ◽

Computer Control ◽

Point Of View ◽

Flow Reversal ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Process Data ◽

Exchange Unit ◽

The Impact

Abstract The problem discussed in the paper was revealed during experimental and simulation study of the waste fuel utilization (low concentrated CH4) which in coal mines is emitted to the atmosphere as the so-called ventilation air methane (abbreviation: VAM). When an intense heat recovery would be applied to the Reverse-Flow Reactor (RFR) then the reactor becomes susceptible to creation of temperature profiles asymmetry. This may adversely affects the heat recovery efficiency. When a strong asymmetry arises, it can significantly reduce the heat recovery and the system needs immediate counteraction. Commonly used control systems do not always cope with this problem. The paper discusses various RFRs control algorithms from the point of view of the ability to reduce symmetry to the acceptable range. The impact of the loss of reactor symmetry on possible heat recovery efficiency is also briefly discussed. The work is focused on RFRs which operate with significant heat recovery in a heat exchange unit in which heat is retrieved not at the rector outlet, but by cooling the hot gas from the center part of the reactor. Issues discussed in the paper are derived from being carried out in ICE-PAS through many years of simulation research, patent examinations, but primarily from the own experiences on the research & demonstration thermal flow reversal reactor (TFRR) for VAM combustion. Computer control & data recording system process data records of the experiments enabled effectively analyze the problem of creating and preventing thermal asymmetry.

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Reducing linear thermal bridging in passive house details

10.32920/ryerson.14662017.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Balicki

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Major Research ◽

Passive House ◽

Research Project ◽

Alternative Material ◽

Thermal Bridging ◽

Passive Houses ◽

The Impact

This Major Research Project focuses on reducing the linear thermal bridging coefficient (ψ-value) in junction details in Passive Houses in North America. By analyzing a sample of details from existing Passive Houses in North America, the range of ψ-values was found to be between -0.154 and 0.124 W/mK. A process was outlined to lower the ψ-value in junction details. Strategies that can be used to reduce the ψ-value include: localized overcladding, thermal breaks, alternative material, and alternative construction. The first and last strategies were found to be most effective at reducing the ψ-value. Comparing the results of PHPP simulations for several houses, with and without linear thermal bridging, showed that the impact on the specific heating energy intensity can be large. The PHPP models showed that savings of 6-25% on the specific heating energy intensity can be achieved by applying the reduction process to details above 0.01 W/mK.

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Geographical aspects of the diffusion of passive houses

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering ◽

10.1556/irase.4.2013.2.9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Kozma ◽

E. Molnár ◽

K. Czimre ◽

J. Pénzes

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Passive House ◽

The Earth ◽

Passive Houses ◽

The Individual ◽

Geographical Locations ◽

Over Time

Abstract In our days, energy issues belong to the most important problems facing the Earth and the solution may be expected partly from decreasing the amount of the energy used and partly from the increased utilisation of renewable energy resources. A substantial part of energy consumption is related to buildings and includes, inter alia, the use for cooling/heating, lighting and cooking purposes. In the view of the above, special attention has been paid to minimising the energy consumption of buildings since the late 1980s. Within the framework of that, the passive house was created, a building in which the thermal comfort can be achieved solely by postheating or postcooling of the fresh air mass without a need for recirculated air. The aim of the paper is to study the changes in the construction of passive houses over time. In addition, the differences between the geographical locations and the observable peculiarities with regard to the individual building types are also presented.

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115 The Impact of Burn Injury on Upper Extremity Prosthesis Users

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab032.119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S77-S77

Author(s):

Jill M Cancio ◽

Matthew Borgia ◽

Leopoldo C Cancio ◽

Linda Resnik

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Phantom Pain ◽

Assessment Procedure ◽

Full Time ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Burns with upper extremity (UE) amputation present a unique rehabilitation challenge. The purpose of this study of UE amputees who are active prosthesis users was to compare outcomes for those with and without burns. Methods This is part of a larger nationwide study of U.S. military members and veterans with UE amputations. In-person data were collected at 5 sites. An therapist measured passive and active range of motion (PROM, AROM); administered the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; Community Reintegration of Injured Service Members-Computer Adaptive-Test; Trinity Amputation and Prosthetic Experience Scale; health-related quality of life (VR-12); Activities Measure for Upper Extremity Amputees; Southampton Assessment Procedure; 9-Hole Peg Test; and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHF); and recorded residual and phantom pain; timing of prosthesis receipt; and current prosthesis use. The IRB approved this study. Results Data were collected on 126 individuals with UE amputation, of whom 105 had data on etiology and were included. Of these, 13 (12.4%) had burns (B) vs non-burn (NB). The majority were unilateral amputees (69% B, 90% NB). Most were transradial (TR) amputees (B 84.6%, NB 66.3%) as opposed to transhumeral (TH). A minority received their prosthetics within the first 3 months post-amputation (11.1% B, 28.8% NB) (p=0.15). Average age was 57.6 (SD 15.6) years for NB and 53.0 (20.6) years for B. Mean time since amputation was 22.5 (18.0) years for NB and 25.2 (17.3) years for B. The following non-significant differences in outcomes between B and NB were observed. Thirty-nine percent of B were employed full-time vs 18.9% of NB (p=0.15). The primary prosthesis was, for NB, a body-powered prosthesis (66.7%); for B, myoelectric (50%) or body-powered (50%). For unilateral UE amputees, there were no differences between B and NB on performance testing for dexterity and functional tasks or in self-reported disability, quality of life or prevalence or intensity of pain. B trended towards more moderate to severe PROM deficits with shoulder forward flexion (TH B 50%, TH NB 23.1% [p=0.444]; TR B 20%, TR NB 5.6% [p=0.197]) and shoulder abduction (TH B 50%, TH NB 26.9% [p=0.497]; TR B 30%, TR NB 16.4% [p=0.376]). Also, TR amputees with burns trended towards more PROM deficits with elbow flexion (B 20%, NB 6.9% [p=0.212]) and elbow extension (B 20%, NB 8.6% [p=0.272]). AROM deficits also trended greater in B. Conclusions We did not observe differences in physical function, pain levels, or quality of life between those with and without burns. Further studies with larger samples are needed, to include analysis of burn location, burn size, hospital length of stay, and rehabilitation care.

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Dynamic Repair and Robust Optimization of Complex Networks

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/4131502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Pengtao Zhang ◽

Peng Bai ◽

Chaoqi Fu ◽

Shanshan Li

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Repair Process ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Repair Strategy ◽

Coupling Structure ◽

Secondary Failure ◽

Fundamental Reason ◽

Network Functions ◽

The Impact ◽

Failure Node

Network repair is indispensable for maintaining network security. Conventional static repair is relatively inefficient. In this study, by considering the energy transfer between nodes, a dynamic repair model was established. The fundamental reason for the secondary failure of repaired nodes during the dynamic repair process is the coupling structure of failure networks. A dynamic repair strategy was proposed that can effectively prevent the secondary failure of repair nodes influenced by energy during repair and can cause the redundant capacity of repair nodes to be used reasonably. By turning off the energy transfer function of the link to control the excessive flow of energy into the repair node to avoid the occurrence of secondary failure; on the other hand, by sharing part of the load of the failure node, realize the rational use of the redundant capacity of the repair node to reduce the impact of the failure node on the overall function of the network. The proposed strategy mitigated the effect of failure nodes on network functions and substantially improved the recovery efficiency of network functions. Furthermore, redundant edges, behaving as energy redundant links in a network structure, can considerably improve the robustness of the network by optimizing the removal of redundant edges. Dynamic repair is not only an efficient repair method but also a highly flexible choice for network repair.

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A Link between the Hiatus in Global Warming and North American Drought

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-14-00616.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 3834-3845 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Thomas L. Delworth ◽

Fanrong Zeng ◽

Anthony Rosati ◽

Gabriel A. Vecchi ◽

Andrew T. Wittenberg

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

North America ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

North American ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Tropical Pacific ◽

Global Warming Hiatus ◽

Warming Hiatus ◽

The Impact ◽

The Tropical Pacific

Abstract Portions of western North America have experienced prolonged drought over the last decade. This drought has occurred at the same time as the global warming hiatus—a decadal period with little increase in global mean surface temperature. Climate models and observational analyses are used to clarify the dual role of recent tropical Pacific changes in driving both the global warming hiatus and North American drought. When observed tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies are inserted into coupled models, the simulations produce persistent negative sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific, a hiatus in global warming, and drought over North America driven by SST-induced atmospheric circulation anomalies. In the simulations herein the tropical wind anomalies account for 92% of the simulated North American drought during the recent decade, with 8% from anthropogenic radiative forcing changes. This suggests that anthropogenic radiative forcing is not the dominant driver of the current drought, unless the wind changes themselves are driven by anthropogenic radiative forcing. The anomalous tropical winds could also originate from coupled interactions in the tropical Pacific or from forcing outside the tropical Pacific. The model experiments suggest that if the tropical winds were to return to climatological conditions, then the recent tendency toward North American drought would diminish. Alternatively, if the anomalous tropical winds were to persist, then the impact on North American drought would continue; however, the impact of the enhanced Pacific easterlies on global temperature diminishes after a decade or two due to a surface reemergence of warmer water that was initially subducted into the ocean interior.

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