scholarly journals Exploring Acoustical Approach for Pre-screening of Window Assemblies Airtightness Level in an Existing Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Pouyan
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Window Systems

Air infiltration plays a significant role in designing and evaluating the performance and air quality of a building. Air leakage through an existing building enclosure can be detected by using experimental measurements, such as blower door test, tracer gas method, and transient approach. Estimating building air permeability through these methods can be expensive, time consuming, and weather reliant. The economical and environmental effect of air infiltration through building envelope requires higher level of research on locating air leakage locations and estimating air infiltration rate through new techniques, such as acoustical methods. In this research, a general review of airtightness detection and quantification method is presented and acoustical techniques are explored more in depth. Due to the significant impact of window systems on the total air infiltration through the building envelope, the correlation between the sound transmission loss and the air permeability through seven window assemblies in an existing building are explored to investigate acoustical method further. In addition, the acoustic air leakage detection method based on the standard ASTM E1186 is instigated. The results reveal the poor correlation between the airtightness of the windows and the acoustical analysis and investigations

scholarly journals Exploring Acoustical Approach for Pre-screening of Window Assemblies Airtightness Level in an Existing Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Pouyan
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Window Systems

Air infiltration plays a significant role in designing and evaluating the performance and air quality of a building. Air leakage through an existing building enclosure can be detected by using experimental measurements, such as blower door test, tracer gas method, and transient approach. Estimating building air permeability through these methods can be expensive, time consuming, and weather reliant. The economical and environmental effect of air infiltration through building envelope requires higher level of research on locating air leakage locations and estimating air infiltration rate through new techniques, such as acoustical methods. In this research, a general review of airtightness detection and quantification method is presented and acoustical techniques are explored more in depth. Due to the significant impact of window systems on the total air infiltration through the building envelope, the correlation between the sound transmission loss and the air permeability through seven window assemblies in an existing building are explored to investigate acoustical method further. In addition, the acoustic air leakage detection method based on the standard ASTM E1186 is instigated. The results reveal the poor correlation between the airtightness of the windows and the acoustical analysis and investigations

Air infiltration through building envelopes: A review

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadi Younes ◽  
Caesar Abi Shdid ◽  
Girma Bitsuamlak
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Air leakage through the building envelope into the building interiors has a considerable impact on the energy loads and consequently energy demand and energy costs of buildings. This phenomenon known as infiltration happens through various openings and venues in the building envelope varying from large openings such as doors and windows to minute cracks and crevices. In addition to impacting building energy loads, infiltration impacts indoor air quality and can result in moisture accumulation problems in the building envelope. A generalized review of infiltration that includes evaluation techniques and models, quantification, and interaction with other heat transfer phenomena is presented in this article.

Comparison of Blower Door and Tracer Gas Testing Methods for Determination of Air Infiltration Rates Through Building Envelopes at Normal Operating Conditions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Patel ◽  
Constandinos Mitsingas ◽  
James P. Miller ◽  
Ty A. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Building Envelope ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Normal Operating ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Air Leakage Rate

Tracer gas and blower door testing are two widely used methods to determine the rate of air infiltration through a building envelope. Blower door testing is performed at elevated pressure differentials across the building envelope whereas tracer gas testing is conducted at near zero differential pressures, better reflecting the air leakage rate at near normal building operating conditions. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether extrapolation of blower door test data to normal building operating conditions provides a good estimate of annual average air infiltration at those conditions. Two methods were used to extrapolate the data and were then compared to the baseline tracer gas tests. A secondary objective was to determine the ventilation rate of a residential facility using tracer gas tests. Tracer gas testing seems to be more reliable in determining the air leakage rate at normal operating pressures, but is sensitive to the tracer gas and ambient weather conditions. Regardless, for the subject facility, the ACH50/20 rule and Sherman’s ACH50/N correlation, extrapolated from the blower door tests, are within 6%–33% and 4%–38% of the tracer gas results, respectively. However, these errors are dependent on the assumptions used. Nevertheless, it appears that simple blower door testing can provide a reasonable measure of a building’s annual average air infiltration rate regardless of ambient conditions, whereas the more expensive and complex tracer gas tests may better reflect seasonal variations in air infiltration rates.

Experimental Quantification of Air Permeability of Building Envelope with Installed Controlled Ventilation System - Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 571-578
Author(s):  
Boris Bielek ◽  
Daniel Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Air Exchange

To meet the increasingly stringent requirements of standard energy consumption and thus reducing operating costs of buildings, it is necessary to use energy-saving elements of technical equipment and eliminate heat loss through the building envelope. The biggest losses are caused by heat transmission and ventilation in the form of uncontrolled air infiltration through the building envelope. Their elimination can be achieved by improving the thermal technical quantification of building envelope and increase its airtightness. Determination of air permeability as a measure of quality building envelope is possible using the method of measuring devices Blower-Door test. Any defects can be detected by detection tools, then propose a suitable method for their removal and thus prevent unwanted unregulated air infiltration into the interior. On the other hand, are opposed to the health requirements required air exchange in the room, which is a significant reason for the transformation of this mode of ventilation by uncontrolled air infiltration to a controllable ventilation system. The subject of the paper is in-situ measurement of air permeability of specific apartment envelope by Blower-Door test method and comparison the efficacy of the installed controlled ventilation system and hygiene requirements of the ventilation intensity for residential buildings. Laboratory verification of façade ventilation unit parameters in big pressure chamber - measurement of inlet ventilation flap airflows at variable pressure differences. Methodology for the measurement by Blower-Door test method to determine the air permeability of building envelope structures and functionality of controlled ventilation system was based on a series of 10 measurements in 5 regimes. The overall air permeability of the building envelope or its integrated part may be verified using the total air exchange rate n50at 50 Pa pressure difference, determined experimentally according to STN EN 13829. Comparison of measured values with standard values recommended by some European countries with a similar climate with sealed and with unsealed ventilation flaps, which can determine the impact on the overall airtightness of the building envelope. Calculation of total hygiene required air exchange rate of the apartment and its comparison with actual measured values by Blower-Door test method.

scholarly journals An Analytical Approach for the Selection of Technologies to be Integrated in a Plug&play Façade Unit: The RenoZEB Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Alessandro Pracucci ◽  
Sara Magnani ◽  
Laura Vandi ◽  
Oscar Casadei ◽  
Amaia Uriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design System ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Conditions ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
System A ◽  
Selection Of

The nearly Zero Energy building (nZEB) renovation market is currently the key feature in the construction sector. RenoZEB aims to develop a systematic approach for retrofitting by assembling different technologies in a plug and play building envelope. This paper presents the methodology used to transform the RenoZEB concept in the design system. A multi-criteria decision matrix is used for the selection of the best façade technologies within the market while the analysis of the existing building conditions allows to develop a replicable approach for designing deep retrofitting intervention through a plug&play façade. The methodology appears to be a valuable support for the selection of technologies and allows to define a design guideline for the envelope.

scholarly journals Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis in a Pilot Building Located in a Mild Mediterranean Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
José Manuel Salmerón Lissen ◽  
Cristina Isabel Jareño Escudero ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez de la Flor ◽  
Miriam Navarro Escudero ◽  
Theoni Karlessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
The Cost

The 2030 climate and energy framework includes EU-wide targets and policy objectives for the period 2021–2030 of (1) at least 55% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels); (2) at least 32% share for renewable energy; and (3) at least 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency. In this context, the methodology of the cost-optimal level from the life-cycle cost approach has been applied to calculate the cost of renovating the existing building stock in Europe. The aim of this research is to analyze a pilot building using the cost-optimal methodology to determine the renovation measures that lead to the lowest life-cycle cost during the estimated economic life of the building. The case under study is an apartment building located in a mild Mediterranean climate (Castellon, SP). A package of 12 optimal solutions has been obtained to show the importance of the choice of the elements and systems for renovating building envelopes and how energy and economic aspects influence this choice. Simulations have shown that these packages of optimal solutions (different configurations for the building envelope, thermal bridges, airtightness and ventilation, and domestic hot water production systems) can provide savings in the primary energy consumption of up to 60%.

scholarly journals Specifics of Building Envelope Air Leakage Problems and Airtightness Measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 02020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatolijs Borodinecs ◽  
Jekaterina Nazarova ◽  
Aleksandrs Zajacs ◽  
Alexandr Malyshev ◽  
Vladimir Pronin
Keyword(s):  
Building Envelope ◽  
Air Leakage

scholarly journals The Required Amount of Ventilation Air for the Classroom and the Possibility of Air Infiltration through the Windows

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7537
Author(s):  
Piotr Lis ◽  
Anna Lis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Leakage Coefficient

The majority of education buildings in Poland are equipped with natural (gravity) ventilation, where the air inflow depends on the level of window airtightness. A complete statistical urban population of 50 school buildings in Czestochowa have been examined. The main issue to be clarified is the answer to the following questions: Is it theoretically possible to supply enough air to meet the ventilation requirements with gravity ventilation? What is the airtightness of the windows at which it will be possible? The average technical conditions of windows in the analysed buildings were bad. However, only in the case in which high external air leakage coefficient a = 7.0 m3/(h m daPa2/3) (q100KL = 32.4912 m3/(h m) is the amount of air passing through the leaks similar to the quantitative ventilation requirements for classrooms. The quantity of air flowing from the outside through modernized windows that meet the technical requirements (a = 0.6 to 1.0 m3/(m h daPa2/3)) covers on average only about 12% and about 21% of the ventilation needs. Without installing additional vents in the rooms, or better yet, installing mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, meeting the ventilation norm requirements will be impossible.

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