scholarly journals Assessing pavement conditions and their effect on road safety: Ontario experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Nemtsov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Pavement Roughness ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
Safety Effect ◽  
The Impact

The increasing need to rebuild and repair Ontario highways has motivated this research aimed at maximizing the efficiency of pavement maintenance and design. The first of two complementary objectives were to evaluate the safety improvements of reduced pavement roughness on two-lane undivided Ontario highways using the Empirical Bayes and Cross-Sectional analysis methods. The second objective was to improve the prediction of pavement distress and surface roughness by examining the impact of local calibration of prediction models. The findings suggest that better pavement conditions can reduce the severity of fatal and injury collisions by as much as 12% in some cases and therefore that pavement maintenance decisions should incorporate road safety when assessing cost-life analysis. The results provide a basis for those decisions in that they can be used to estimate the safety effect of a specific improvement in roughness.

scholarly journals Assessing pavement conditions and their effect on road safety: Ontario experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Nemtsov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Pavement Roughness ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
Safety Effect ◽  
The Impact

The increasing need to rebuild and repair Ontario highways has motivated this research aimed at maximizing the efficiency of pavement maintenance and design. The first of two complementary objectives were to evaluate the safety improvements of reduced pavement roughness on two-lane undivided Ontario highways using the Empirical Bayes and Cross-Sectional analysis methods. The second objective was to improve the prediction of pavement distress and surface roughness by examining the impact of local calibration of prediction models. The findings suggest that better pavement conditions can reduce the severity of fatal and injury collisions by as much as 12% in some cases and therefore that pavement maintenance decisions should incorporate road safety when assessing cost-life analysis. The results provide a basis for those decisions in that they can be used to estimate the safety effect of a specific improvement in roughness.

scholarly journals Exploiting Data Analytics and Deep Learning Systems to Support Pavement Maintenance Decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2458
Author(s):  
Ronald Roberts ◽  
Laura Inzerillo ◽  
Gaetano Di Mino
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
Computational Systems

Road networks are critical infrastructures within any region and it is imperative to maintain their conditions for safe and effective movement of goods and services. Road Management, therefore, plays a key role to ensure consistent efficient operation. However, significant resources are required to perform necessary maintenance activities to achieve and maintain high levels of service. Pavement maintenance can typically be very expensive and decisions are needed concerning planning and prioritizing interventions. Data are key towards enabling adequate maintenance planning but in many instances, there is limited available information especially in small or under-resourced urban road authorities. This study develops a roadmap to help these authorities by using flexible data analysis and deep learning computational systems to highlight important factors within road networks, which are used to construct models that can help predict future intervention timelines. A case study in Palermo, Italy was successfully developed to demonstrate how the techniques could be applied to perform appropriate feature selection and prediction models based on limited data sources. The workflow provides a pathway towards more effective pavement maintenance management practices using techniques that can be readily adapted based on different environments. This takes another step towards automating these practices within the pavement management system.

Effect of geometric design consistency on road safety

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C.W Ng ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
The Impact

Geometric design consistency is emerging as an important rule in highway design. Identifying and treating any inconsistency on a highway can significantly improve its safety performance. Considerable research has been undertaken to explore this concept including identifying potential consistency measures and developing models to estimate them. However, little work has been carried out to quantify the safety benefits of geometric design consistency. The objectives of this study are to investigate and quantify the relationship between design consistency and road safety. A comprehensive accident and geometric design database of two-lane rural highways is used to investigate the effect of several design consistency measures on road safety. Several accident prediction models that incorporate design consistency measures are developed. The generalized linear regression approach is used for model development. The models can be used as a quantitative tool for the evaluation of the impact of design consistency on road safety. An application is presented where the ability of accident prediction models that incorporate design consistency measures is compared with those that rely on geometric design characteristics. It is found that models that explicitly consider design consistency may identify the inconsistencies more effectively and reflect the resulting impacts on safety more accurately than those that do not.Key words: geometric design consistency, road safety, quantification, accident prediction models.

scholarly journals Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kustra ◽  
Joanna Żukowska ◽  
Marcin Budzyński ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Integrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade the network of national roads to complement fast roads. A key criterion in this case is to ensure that the roads are efficient to minimise time lost for road users and safe. With safety standards and safety management practices varying vastly across the EU, Directive 2008/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was a way to ensure that countries follow procedures for assessing the impact of road projects on road safety and conduct road safety audits, road safety management and road safety inspections. The main goal of the research was to build mathematical models to combine road safety measures, i.e. injury density (DI) and accident density (DA), with road and traffic factors on longer sections, all based on risk analysis. The practical objective is to use these models to develop tools for assessing how new road projects will impact road safety. Because previous research on models to help estimate injuries (I) or injury density (DI) on long sections was scarce, the authors addressed that problem in their work. The idea goes back to how Poland is introducing procedures for assessing the effects of infrastructure on safety and developing a method to estimate accident indicators to support economic analysis for new roads, a solution applied in JASPERS. Another reason for the research was Poland’s insufficient and ineffective pool of road safety management tools in Poland. The paper presents analyses of several models which achieved satisfactory results. They are consistent with the work of other researchers and the outcomes of previous research conducted by the authors. The authors built the models based on a segmentation of national roads into sections from 10 to 50 km, making sure that they feature consistent cross-sections and average daily traffic volumes. Models were built based on the method described by Jamroz (Jamroz, 2011). Using the available road traffic volume data, each section was assigned variables defining geometric and traffic features. Based on studies conducted on road sections, the variables were either averaged over the entire length of the section or calculated as a percentage of the variable occurring over the entire length: related to traffic volume, roadside environment or cross section

Implementing a Public Bicycle Share Program: Impact on Perceptions and Support for Public Policies for Active Transportation

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Bélanger-Gravel ◽  
Lise Gauvin ◽  
Daniel Fuller ◽  
Louis Drouin
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Background:Favorable public opinion and support for policies are essential to favor the sustainability of environmental interventions. This study examined public perceptions and support for active living policies associated with implementing a public bicycle share program (PBSP).Methods:Two cross-sectional population-based telephone surveys were conducted in 2009 and 2010 among 5011 adults in Montréal, Canada. Difference-in-differences analyses tested the impact of the PBSP on negative perceptions of the impact of the PBSP on the image of the city, road safety, ease of traveling, active transportation, health, and resistance to policies.Results:People living closer to docking stations were less likely to have negative perceptions of the effect of the PBSP on the image of the city (OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4−0.8) and to be resistant to policies (OR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6−1.0). The likelihood of perceiving negative effects on road safety increased across time (OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2−1.8). Significant interactions were observed for perceptions of ease of traveling (OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4−0.8), active transportation (OR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4−1.0), and health (OR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4−0.8): likelihood of negative perceptions decreased across time among people exposed.Conclusion:Findings indicate that negative perceptions were more likely to abate among those living closer to the PBSP.

scholarly journals Behavioral Health at School: Do Three Competences in Road Safety Education Impact the Protective Road Behaviors of Spanish Children?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Adela Gonzalez-Marin ◽  
Cristina Esteban ◽  
Sergio A. Useche
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Study ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Safety Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Background: Education in road safety (also known as Road Safety Education—RSE) constitutes, nowadays, an emergent approach for improving present and future road behaviors, aiming at taking action against the current, and concerning, state-of-affairs of traffic crashes, through a behavioral perspective. In the case of children, and despite their overrepresentation in traffic injury figures, RSE-based strategies for behavioral health in transportation remain a “new” approach, whose impact still needs to be empirically tested. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of three key road safety skills of the Positive Attitudes, Risk perception and Knowledge of norms (PARK) model, addressed in RSE-based interventions, on the safe road behavior of Spanish children. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 1930 (50.4% males and 49.6% females) Spanish children attending primary school, with a mean age of 10.1 (SD = 1.6) years, was gathered from 70 educational centers across all Spanish regions, through a national study on RSE and road safety. Results: Road safety skills show a positive relationship with children’s self-reported safe behaviors on the road. However, the knowledge of traffic norms alone does not predict safe behaviors: it needs to be combined with risk perception and positive attitudes towards road safety. Furthermore, the degree of exposure to previous RSE interventions was shown to have an effect on the score obtained by children in each road safety skill; on the other hand, road misbehaviors observed in parents and peers had a negative impact on them. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study suggest that education in road safety is still a key process for the acquisition of safe habits, patterns and behaviors among young road users.

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

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