Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELY SAMISTRARO ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE ◽  
RICARDO PAIM
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physical Strength

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.

Effect of bark content in mixed hardwood chips on pulp and papermaking properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Tripathi ◽  
Izhar Alam ◽  
Nishi Kant Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Strength Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Unbleached Pulp

AbstractEffect of different proportions of bark in mixed hardwood (about 70 % eucalyptus and 30 % poplar) chips on pulp and papermaking properties was studied. Increased proportion of bark in raw material chips resulted in increased active alkali consumption, increased reject content in pulp and reduced pulp yield after kraft pulping. The unbleached pulp obtained with higher proportion of bark in mixed hardwood chips also has higher kappa number, lower brightness and viscosity as compared to pulp obtained with bark free mixed hardwood chips. The soda loss and ash content in pulp were severely increased from 12.8 kg/t to 312 kg/t of pulp and 0.7 % to 21.1 %, respectively with the increase of bark portion from 0 to 100 % in raw material furnish. The physical strength properties like tensile, burst and tear indices in the pulp obtained from bark were reduced by 58.5 %, 60.7 % and 68.4 %, respectively as compared to that with bark free mixed hardwood.

scholarly journals Xylanase pretreatment of mechanically destructured chips of Eucalyptus tereticornis and its effect on kraft pulping

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5361-5375
Author(s):  
Laxman Kumar Pandey ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Surendra Pal Singh ◽  
Dharm Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Combined Pretreatment

Mechanical pulping of raw wood material is a highly energy intensive and pollution generating step in the papermaking process. This study focused on combined mechanical and xylanase treatment prior to the kraft pulping of E. tereticornis. A screened pulp yield of 49.1% (on oven-dry wood basis) with a Kappa number of 24.9 was obtained at the optimum cooking temperature of 160 °C without any pretreatment of the wood chips. After mechanical treatment (destructuring), a slightly higher screened pulp yield (49.4%) was obtained with a Kappa number of 24.2 at the cooking temperature of 145 °C with the same active alkali charge (15%). The optimum cooking temperature was further reduced to 140 °C for the destructured xylanase-treated wood chips. The xylanase treatment resulted in a 2% reduction in screened pulp yield due to hydrolysis of xylan. However, the Kappa number was reduced to 18.2 after xylanase pretreatment of the mechanically destructured wood chips. The combined pretreatment (destructured and xylanase treatment) of wood chips resulted in a reduction in cooking temperature by 20°C compared to untreated wood chips. Such a reduction in cooking temperature can effectively reduce steam consumption. The combined pretreatment improved the pulp brightness by 2.0 (ISO points) and physical strength properties, which included the tensile index, tear index, and burst index by 11.06%, 21.72%, and 21.79%, respectively, compared to the control.

Suitability of eight years kadam tree (Neolamarckia cadamba) in chemical pulping

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
M. Misbahuddin ◽  
D. Biswas ◽  
U. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Chemical Pulping ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Pulp Wood

Abstract Kadam is a fast growing tree species in Bangladesh. The main aim of this study is to observe the influence of tree age of kadam on chemical pulping. In this research 8, 18 and 30 years old kadam wood were pulped under different active alkali of 16, 18 and 19 % maintaining 25 % sulphidity and its effect on chemical composition, kappa number, pulp yield and delignification was investigated. The result shows that the content of extractive, lignin, alpha-cellulose and hemicellulose increase to different content along with the increase of tree age. There are also some differences of pulping properties with different tree age. Pulp yield of 8 years old kadam is higher than other ages of kadam trees. The hand sheets were made and the physical strength properties likely tear, tensile and burst were evaluated at two freeness level. The pulps produced from 8 year kadam tree obsessed reasonable strength properties. These could be used for producing moderate quality writing, printing and wrapping papers. Pulp wood of 8 years kadam is more suitable for pulping, compared to that 18 and 30 years.

Dewatering properties of low grammage handsheets of softwood kraft pulps modified to minimize the need for refining

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Per Engstrand ◽  
Peter Sandström ◽  
Björn Sjöstrand
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Tensile Index

Abstract Previous paper (Rahman et al. 2017) showed that the yield of softwood kraft pulp increased by the addition of either polysulfide or sodium borohydride because of higher hemicellulose retention. An increase in hemicellulose content can make dewatering more difficult as WRV of the pulp increases, but instead, an overall increase in pulp yield could improve dewatering as a sheet of a certain weight will contain fewer fibres, giving a more open sheet structure. It was therefore of interest to measure the dewatering properties of low grammage handsheets (20 g/m2) under conditions mimicking the tissue paper machine dewatering processes, and sheet strength properties, WRV, °SR and fibre dimensions were also studied. The results showed that the positive influence of overall yield increase dominated over the negative influence of an increase in hemicellulose content on the dewatering properties, particularly at lower refining energy levels. Moreover, higher yield and higher hemicellulose content pulps had a higher tensile index at the same dryness. A given tensile index was achieved with less refining energy. The results indicate that increased yield and hemicellulose content by modification of the kraft pulping process will result in a pulp with a potential to improve tissue paper quality.

scholarly journals Formic Acid Pulping of Bagasse

1970 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sarwar Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Atmospheric formic acid pulping of bagasse was done with varying formic acid concentration and cooking time. Pulp yield and kappa number decreased with increasing formic acid concentration or cooking time. The optimal cooking conditions were 90 % formic acid and 90 min of cooking at 95°C. The pulp yield at this condition was 44.4 % and kappa number 26.1. The strength properties were acceptable in formic acid pulping of bagasse. Addition of H2SO4 catalyst in formic acid degraded carbohydrate, resulting lower pulp yield and inferior strength properties. The strength properties were improved slightly after bleaching. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 245-250, 2006

Optimization of soda pulping process of ligno-cellulosic residues of lemon and sofia grasses produced after steam distillation

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Harjeet Kaur ◽  
Dharm Dutt ◽  
C. H. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Soda Pulping ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residue ◽  
Better Than

Sofia (Cymbopogon martini), and lemon (Cymbopogon flexuosus) grasses, are exclusively cultivated for extraction of important lemongrass and palma rosa oils. Lignocellulosic residue (LCR) of sofia and lemon grasses left after steam distillation can successfully be used for the production of chemical grade pulp. Steam distillation mitigates the problem of mass transfer, and facilitates the faster penetration of cooking liquor by leaching out a part of extraneous components. Sofia grass produces a pulp yield of 43.7% of kappa number 20 at an active alkali dose of 14% (as Na2O), maximum cooking temperature of 160 oC and cooking time 90 min. Likewise, lemon grass produces a pulp yield of 41.4% of kappa number 12.5 under the same conditions except temperature (150 oC) by a soda pulping process. Addition of 0.1% AQ at optimum cooking conditions reduces kappa number by 26 and 8% for sofia and lemon grasses with insignificant increase in pulp yield i.e. 0.2 and 0.4% for sofia and lemon grasses, respectively. The mechanical strength properties of lemon grass soda-AQ pulp are better than sofia grass. Bauer-McNett fiber classification further validates that +20 fractions are more (62.63%) in lemon grass than in sofia grass (42.72%).

Enhancement of eucalypt pulp yield through extended impregnation cooking

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo B. de Souza ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Fernando José Borges Gomes ◽  
Danila Morais de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield

AbstractThe improvement caused by eucalypt chip impregnation on kraft pulping performance was assessed for terminating the cook at kappa in the range of 15–27 and at controlled residual effective alkali (REA) of 6–8 g/L NaOH. Extended impregnation cooking of eucalypt chips (EIC) increased about 1 %lignin- and HexA-freescreen yield gains in relation to conventional cooking (CC), regardless of kappa number in the range of 15–27. The EIC technology allows for cooking eucalypt wood to kappa number up to 27, without rejects production, but without significant improvement inlignin- and HexA-freescreen yield and with larger chlorine dioxide (ClO2) consume during bleaching. The optimum kappa number for both CC and EIC cooking was about 19 with similar refinability and strength properties for both technologies, CC and EIC. It was concluded that extended impregnation cooking is an attractive technique for enhancing bleached eucalypt Kraft pulp yield.

scholarly journals Technological evaluation of Pinus maximinoi wood for industrial use in kraft pulp production

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 501-508
Author(s):  
MARINA ULIAN COELHO ◽  
FRANCIDES GOMES DA SILVA, JR. ◽  
FLAVIANA REIS MILAGRES ◽  
SILVANA MEISTER SOMMER ◽  
CARLOS AUGUSTO SOARES DO AMARAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bulk Property ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Pulp Production

This study characterized Pinus maximinoi wood and evaluated its performance for pulp production. Samples of Pinus taeda wood were used as reference material. For both species, wood chips from 14-year-old trees were used for the technological characterization, pulping, bleaching process analysis, and pulp properties. A modified kraft pulping process was carried out targeting kappa number 28±5% on brownstock pulp. The bleaching sequence was applied for bleached pulp with final brightness of 87±1 % ISO. Refinability and resistance properties were measured in the bleached pulps. Compared to P. taeda wood, P. maximinoi showed slightly higher basic density (0.399 g/cm³) and higher holocellulose (64.5%), lignin (31.1%), and extractives content (4.5%), along with lower ash content (0.16%). P. maximinoi tracheids showed greater wall thickness (6.4 µm) when compared to P. taeda tracheids. For the same kappa number, P. maximinoi and P. taeda resulted in similar screened yield, with an advantage observed for P. maximinoi, which resulted in lower specific wood consumption (5.281 m³/o.d. metric ton), and lower black liquor solids (1.613 metric tons/o.d. metric ton). After oxygen delignification, P. maximinoi pulp showed higher efficiency on kappa reduction (67.2%) and similar bleaching chemical demand as P. taeda pulp. Compared to P. taeda pulps, the refined P. maximinoi pulps had similar results and the bulk property was 10% higher. Results showed that P. maximinoi is an interesting alternative raw material for softwood pulp production in Brazil.

Nonwood pulping: use of jute cuttings and caddis in Bangladesh

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SARWAR JAHAN ◽  
SUMON GOSH ◽  
M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN ◽  
YONGHAO NI
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Better Than

Utilization of jute cutting and caddis is of social and economic importance in Bangladesh. In this study, soda-anthraquinone, alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone, and neutral sulfite-anthraquinone processes were evaluated for jute-cutting and caddis pulping. The NS-AQ process showed favorable pulp yield and kappa number for both of these raw materials: 66.1% for jute cuttings and 59.9% for caddis at kappa no. 11. The physical properties of NS-AQ pulps were also better than those of soda-AQ and AS-AQ pulps. At 0SR 44, the tensile index of NS-AQ pulp was about 100 N.m/g for jute cutting and 70 N.m/g for caddis, and the tear index was similar. All pulps were bleached by D0EpD1 bleaching sequences. The NS-AQ pulp showed excellent bleachability. Its brightness reached 89.0% for jute cuttings and 85.0% for caddis using total chlorine dioxide of about 15 kg/ton. After bleaching, the strength properties of NS-AQ pulp were slightly better compared to soda-AQ and AS-AQ pulps.

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills - Part I: Potential for debottlenecking

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Process Strategy

Depending on the process strategy employed, implementation of the biorefinery into an existing pulp and paper mill can often help with process debottlenecking, and enable increased pulp and paper production capacity. Many biorefinery process options also offer the opportunity for bioproducts manufacturing and/or fossil fuel replacement. In this paper, the implementation of two biorefinery processes is examined from the perspective of process debottlenecking at a sodium carbonate-based semichemical pulp and paper mill: (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor by acidification with CO2, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. The recovery cycle, which includes a Copeland fluidized bed reactor, is the main pulp production bottleneck. Also, pulp quality improvements are possible, which would be achieved by lowering pulp yield. In Part I of this paper, biorefinery implementation uncertainties were identified and the potential for recovery debottlenecking and maximum paper production attainable were evaluated. In Part II, the economic evaluation and comparison of the selected biorefinery process options in the context of process debottlenecking are presented. The results show that for the case study mill, the hemicellulose pre-extraction process gives opportunity for higher paper production and paper quality improvement. It allows for a production increase of about 20%, as well as lowering the pulp yield from 85% to 79%. With lignin precipitation, it was found that a 15% paper production increase could be possible if the pulp yield is kept constant.

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