scholarly journals Individual and group parameters of Rumex alpinus L. (Polygonaceae) as an indicator of the degree of disturbance to the Carpathian highmountain meadow ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Kobiv Y.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Mountain Grassland ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Rumex Alpinus ◽  
Mountain Meadows ◽  
Small Sites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Herb Species ◽  
Cover Density

Individual (height of flowering shoot, length of rhizome segments and their number on a growth axis) and group parameters (cover, density of immature individuals, flowering and vegetative shoots) of a clonal tall-herb species Rumex alpinus were studied in the populations undergoing different stages of anthropogenic succession in the Carpathians. The species can form dense Rumiceta alpini ruderal communities on the manured soil near the livestock camps. Rumex alpinus has a long life span and thick long-living rhizomes in which the segments’ size reflects the viability of the individual in previous years. The studied parameters characterize the extent of disturbance in grassland ecosystems on different stages of their anthropogenic or restoration succession. A significant number of immature individuals of seed origin proves the young age of a population and indicates the degrading vector of changes in ecosystems. However, the individuals of seed origin (particularly, immature) are almost or completely missing in the established dense Rumiceta alpini because clonal reproduction prevails there. The highest individual and group parameters of R. alpinus have been registered in the sites that are manured. Cessation of anthropogenic impact results in thinning out of populations and their gradual decline. Annual increments of rhizomes demonstrate a successive increase in the invasive populations and decrease in the regressive ones. R. alpinus is also a component of some native undisturbed communities where it shows moderate viability of individuals and low population density. Thus, high values of individual and group parameters of this species indicate significant disturbance of the area and its low conservation value, while its infrequent occurrence only in some solitary small sites can reflect an absence or low level of devastation of a mountain grassland ecosystem. Keywords: anthropogenic impact, succession, rhizome segments, mountain meadows,Rumicetum alpini Вивчено індивідуальні (висоту генеративного пагона, довжину сегментів кореневища та їхню кількість на осі наростання) і групові параметри (проєктивне покриття,щільність імматурних особин, генеративних і вегетативних пагонів) клонального високотравного виду – Rumex alpinus у популяціях, що перебувають на різних стадіях антропогенної сукцесії в Карпатах. Цей вид здатний утворювати зімкнені рудеральні угруповання – щавельники (Rumiceta alpini) на угноєному ґрунті біля стійбищ худоби. Видові властивий тривалий онтогенез і наявність довговічних масивних кореневищ, у яких розмір сегментів відображає життєвість особини у минулі роки. Досліджені показники характеризують ступінь антропогенних змін у лучних екосистемах Карпат на різних етапах їх дигресивно-демутаційних перетворень. Значна кількість імматурних особин насіннєвого походження свідчить про молодий вік популяції і служить індикатором дигресивного спрямування змін в екосистемі. Натомість, у сформованих щільних щавельниках особини насіннєвого походження (зокрема імматурні) майже або цілком відсутні, оскільки у самовідновленні переважає вегетативне розмноження. Найвищі індивідуальні і групові параметри R. alpinus відзначено на площах, що зазнають підживлення гноївкою. Припинення господарського впливу призводить до розрідження популяцій та їх поступового згасання. В інвазійних популяціях відзначено послідовне збільшення річних приростів кореневищ, натомість у регресивних – їхнє скорочення. Rumex alpinus є також компонентом деяких корінних непорушених угруповань, де виявляє невисоку життєвість особин і низьку щільність популяцій. Отже, високі значення індивідуальних і групових показників цього виду є індикатором значного порушення території та її низької цінності з природоохоронної точки зору, натомість його нечасте трапляння лише на окремих невеликих ділянках може свідчити про відсутність або незначний ступінь девастації гірської лучної екосистеми. Ключові слова: антропогенний вплив, сукцесія, сегменти кореневища, гірські луки, Rumicetum alpini

Impact of ski piste management on mountain grassland ecosystems in the Southern Alps

2019 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 959-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Casagrande Bacchiocchi ◽  
Stefan Zerbe ◽  
Lohengrin A. Cavieres ◽  
Camilla Wellstein
Keyword(s):  
Southern Alps ◽  
Mountain Grassland ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems

Description of the second instar larva of Thermothrips mohelensis Pelikán (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4858 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
MANFRED R. ULITZKA ◽  
TAISIA G. EVDOKAROVA ◽  
GERALD MORITZ
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Relict Populations ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Specialist Species ◽  
Steppe Grassland

Thermothrips mohelensis Pelikán is an extremely rare thrips found in dry steppe grassland ecosystems (Pelikán 1949, 1995; Ulitzka 2019a). It has been reported from only a few locations and almost always in very low abundance: one female each has been collected in Germany (Ulitzka 2019a), Slovenia (Kucharczyk 2008) and Turkey (Tunç 1992), two females are known from Iran (Mirab-balou & Chen 2013), three from Poland (Zawirska 1988; Kucharczyk 2007) and six from Western Russia (Schliephake 1977). Larger series including males and larvae are known only from Czechoslovakia (Pelikán 1949, 1995) and from Yakutia, East Siberia where—besides other specimens—the larvae discussed below have been collected (see Evdokarova & Kucharczyk 2020). The fragmented and selective occurrence of this species in steppe habitats has been interpreted to represent scattered relict populations that may have remained from a more extensive distribution far back, possibly in the wide dry grasslands of the Late Pleistocene (Ulitzka 2019a). Similar to other specialist species of those barren habitats T. mohelensis is severely threatened by the general decline of these fragile ecosystems due to natural succession or anthropogenic impact (Kucharczyk 2008; Kucharczyk & Kucharcyk 2008; Ulitzka 2019a). T. mohelensis is a thermophilous (zur Strassen 2003) and highly xerophilous species. This thrips was erroneously considered an hydrophilous wetland thrips (Bhatti 1998) due to a mistranslation (see Ulitzka 2019a). T. mohelensis lives and breeds monophagously in flowers of Galium (Rubiaceae), particularly G. verum but also G. mollugo (Pelikán 1949, 1995; Schliephake 1972; Tunç 1992). 

scholarly journals Effect of a Nitrogen-Fixing Actinorhizal Shrub on Herbaceous Vegetation in a Mixed Conifer Forest of Central Himalaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Bargali ◽  
Nidhi Maurya ◽  
S. S Bargali
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Density Maximum ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forest ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Degraded Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Herb Species

In this study, we examined the effect of a nitrogen-fixing shrub Coriaria nepalensis Wall on herb species composition, diversity and biomass. The effect was measured in terms of species richness, diversity and biomass of herb species in three sites varying in Coriaria density viz. site 1 (low Coriaria density; 20 ha-1), site-2 (medium Coriaria density; 120 ha-1) and site-3 (high Coriaria density 190 ha-1). Species richness was minimum at Site-1 (16 species), and maximum at site-2 (27 species). G. aparine dominated site-1 and Arthraxon sp dominated site-2 and 3. The individual herb density ranged between 0.40 - 42.40 m-2, and total herb density ranged between 138- 170.4 m-2 and was maximum at site-2. Value for species richness (27) and Shannon Index (3.72) was highest for medium Coriaria density site and lowest for low Coriaria density site. Simpson Index ranged between 0.11 and 0.14 and was lowest for site-2(medium Coriaria density) indicating that at this the dominance was shared by many species. Along the gradient of Coriaria density, maximum biomass was recorded at site-3 with highest Coriaria density and lowest at site-2 with medium Coriaria density. This may be due to the symbiotic nitrogen fixing ability of Coriaria that improve the habitat quality. The facilitative effect of C. nepalensis in terms of soil amelioration and herb growth can be used to regenerate degraded forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Analysis of the long-term lark population dynamics (Alaudidae, Aves) in the semi-desert in the Northwestern Caspian lowland

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-245
Author(s):  
M. L. Oparin ◽  
A. B. Mamaev ◽  
O. S. Oparina ◽  
L. S. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Alauda Arvensis ◽  
Caspian Lowland ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Landscape Ecological

The dynamics of the numbers of larks inhabiting several areas differing in physical and geographical (landscape) conditions and the level of anthropogenic impact (pasture) on the natural environment is considered. Four key sites (“Akhmat”, “Zhdanov”, “Baiguzha”, and “Vetelki”) are located on the Priuzenskaya plain in the Aleksandrovo-Gaysky district of the Saratov region. The described territory is characterized by a high mosaicity of the facial structure of landscapes and, consequently, plant communities. This habitat diversity forms the structure of the communities as well as the population density of the individual lark species at the key sites surveyed. Our study of the dynamics of the numbers of species inhabiting the named key areas was carried out using calculations of logarithmic trends in the bird densities by the years of our study. In total, there were five species of larks (Alauda arvensis, Calandrella rufescens, Melanocorypha calandra, M. leucoptera, and M. yeltoniensis). As a result of our statistical processing of the obtained materials, significant differences were found in the dynamics of the numbers of individual lark species nesting in the key areas differing in landscape-ecological conditions and the level of anthropogenic load on ecosystems. In all likelihood, the dynamics of the density of the nesting lark population in the semi-desert of the Trans-Volga region is associated with both changes in the structure of habitats and, apparently, with the dynamics of the abundance of these species in the main part of their habitats, and with a number of other factors.

Biotic, Abiotic, and Management Controls on the Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange of European Mountain Grassland Ecosystems

Ecosystems ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1338-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Wohlfahrt ◽  
Margaret Anderson-Dunn ◽  
Michael Bahn ◽  
Manuela Balzarolo ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Net Ecosystem Co2 Exchange ◽  
Mountain Grassland ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Management Controls

scholarly journals Financing of grassland habitats in the Slovak Republic in 2010–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Ivan Holúbek ◽  
Peter Hric ◽  
Peter Kovár ◽  
Andrea Boháčiková
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Mountain Meadows ◽  
Grassland Habitats ◽  
Alluvial Meadows ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract The grasslands in the Slovak Republic are divided into 7 categories that have different way and conditions of management to protect and maintain them. From the area of 1,239,777 hectares of habitats in SR and payments per hectare, we calculated the amount of financial support that represents 130,265,701 € for the A-G habitats in 2010-2016. Based on the data about potential use of grassland habitats in livestock feeding (mountain meadows and alluvial meadows), the production potential of C 3.12 t.ha-1biotope E 4.25 t.ha-1of dry matter was calculated, as a result of 5-years long experiment of the Department of Grassland Ecosystems and Forage Crops of SUA in Nitra. We calculated the direct costs for the production of hay dry matter, which reached 116.78 €.ha-1in the meadows, and 71.11 €.ha-1in valleys. Direct costs per 1 hectare of hay dry production are with a support covered on 111.0% of mountain meadows and 74% of meadows. The annual value of ecosystem services of grassland habitats reached 579,789,008 €. Subsidies for permanent grassland habitats stimulate the economy of agricultural subjects and protect the biodiversity of permanent grasslands.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Patterns in the Roots of Dominant Festuca rubra in a High-Natural-Value Grassland

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Larisa Corcoz ◽  
Florin Păcurar ◽  
Victoria Pop-Moldovan ◽  
Ioana Vaida ◽  
Vlad Stoian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mountain Grassland ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Fungal Structure ◽  
Mountain Grasslands ◽  
Colonization Frequency ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
The Stability ◽  
General Regression

Grassland ecosystems occupy significant areas worldwide and represent a reservoir for biodiversity. These areas are characterized by oligotrophic conditions that stimulate mycorrhizal symbiotic partnerships to meet nutritional requirements. In this study, we selected Festuca rubra for its dominance in the studied mountain grassland, based on the fact that grasses more easily accept a symbiotic partner. Quantification of the entire symbiosis process, both the degree of colonization and the presence of a fungal structure, was performed using the root mycorrhizal pattern method. Analysis of data normality indicated colonization frequency as the best parameter for assessing the entire mycorrhizal mechanism, with five equal levels, each of 20%. Most of the root samples showed an intensity of colonization between 0 and 20% and a maximum of arbuscules of about 5%. The colonization degree had an average value of 35%, which indicated a medium permissiveness of roots for mycorrhizal partners. Based on frequency regression models, the intensity of colonization presented high fluctuations at 50% frequency, while the arbuscule development potential was set to a maximum of 5% in mycorrhized areas. Arbuscules were limited due to the unbalanced and unequal root development and their colonizing hyphal networks. The general regression model indicated that only 20% of intra-radicular hyphae have the potential to form arbuscules. The colonization patterns of dominant species in mountain grasslands represent a necessary step for improved understanding of the symbiont strategies that sustain the stability and persistence of these species.

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