scholarly journals Adding an Annotation Layer to the Hindi/Urdu Treebank

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Hautli ◽  
Sebastian Sulger ◽  
Miriam Butt
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Dependency Relations ◽  
Predicate Argument Structure

This paper proposes an additional layer of annotation for the recently established Hindi/Urdu Treebank. Despite the fact that the treebank already features a number of annotation layers such as phrase structure, dependency relations and predicate-argument structure, we see potential for the inclusion of a dependency layer generated from Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) f-structures with relations that we believe are crucial for a deep analysis of Urdu/Hindi. The suggestions are based on theoretical and computational investigations into Urdu/Hindi in the context of the Urdu ParGram grammar, through which we can automatically create the additional annotation layer.

A Typed Feature-based Grammar of Danish

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-62
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Feature Structure ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Predicate Argument Structure

This paper presents an overview of the first broad coverage grammatical description of Danish in a Typed Feature Structure (TFS) based unification formalism inspired by HPSG. These linguistic specifications encompass phenomena within inflectional morphology, phrase structure and predicate argument structure, and have been developed with a view to implementation. The emphasis on implementability and re-usability of the specifications has led to the adoption of a rather leaner formal framework than that underlying HPSG. However, the paper shows that the adoption of such a framework does not lead to a loss of expressibility, but in fact enables certain phenomena, such as the interface between morphology and syntax and local discontinuities, to be treated in a simple and elegant fashion.

Twentieth Century Linguistics at Closing Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-300
Author(s):  
Randy Allen Harris
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Closing Time ◽  
Phrase Structure Grammar ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Relational Grammar ◽  
Metaphor Theory

This chapter appraises the state of linguistics at the end of the twentieth century in the wake of the Generative/Interpretive Semantics episode. The period saw a huge upswing in Noam Chomsky’s influence with the dominance of his Government and Binding/Principles and Parameters model, but also the development of multiple other competing and intersecting formal models, all of which did away with Chomsky’s totemic concept, the transformation: Relational Grammar (RG), Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG), Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG), and so many more that Frederick Newmeyer tagged the lot of them Alphabet Grammars (AGs). Alongside these frameworks came George Lakoff’s most far-reaching and influential development, with philosopher, Mark Johnson, “Conceptual Metaphor Theory” (a label the author rejects).

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Kaplan ◽  
Joan Bresnan
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Constituent Structure ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Linguistic System

Modular design of grammar: Linguistics on the edge presents the cutting edge of research on linguistic modules and interfaces in Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). LFG has a highly modular design that models the linguistic system as a set of discreet submodules that include, among others, constituent structure, functional structure, argument structure, semantic structure, and prosodic structure, with each module having its coherent properties and being related to each other by correspondence functions. The contributions in this volume represent the broad range and interconnection of theoretical, formal, and descriptive considerations that continues to be the hallmark of LFG.

Functional structure

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-88
Author(s):  
Mary Dalrymple ◽  
John J. Lowe ◽  
Louise Mycock
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Predicate Argument Structure ◽  
Grammatical Functions

Functional structure is the abstract functional syntactic organization of the sentence, familiar from traditional grammatical descriptions, representing syntactic predicate-argument structure and functional relations like subject and object. Section 2.1 presents motivation for the categories and information appearing in functional structure and outlines some common characteristics of functional structure categories. Section 2.2 demonstrates that grammatical functions are best treated as primitive concepts, as they are in LFG, rather than defined in terms of morphological or phrase structure concepts. Section 2.3 shows that syntactic subcategorization requirements, the array of syntactic arguments required by a predicate, are best stated in functional terms. The formal representation of functional structure (f-structure) and constraints on f-structure representations are discussed in Section 2.4. Finally, Section 2.5 provides an overview of the content and representation of f-structure features.

scholarly journals Neural Unsupervised Semantic Role Labeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kashif Munir ◽  
Hai Zhao ◽  
Zuchao Li
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Semantic Role Labeling ◽  
Neural Models ◽  
Previous State ◽  
Dependency Relations ◽  
Predicate Argument Structure

The task of semantic role labeling ( SRL ) is dedicated to finding the predicate-argument structure. Previous works on SRL are mostly supervised and do not consider the difficulty in labeling each example which can be very expensive and time-consuming. In this article, we present the first neural unsupervised model for SRL. To decompose the task as two argument related subtasks, identification and clustering, we propose a pipeline that correspondingly consists of two neural modules. First, we train a neural model on two syntax-aware statistically developed rules. The neural model gets the relevance signal for each token in a sentence, to feed into a BiLSTM, and then an adversarial layer for noise-adding and classifying simultaneously, thus enabling the model to learn the semantic structure of a sentence. Then we propose another neural model for argument role clustering, which is done through clustering the learned argument embeddings biased toward their dependency relations. Experiments on the CoNLL-2009 English dataset demonstrate that our model outperforms the previous state-of-the-art baseline in terms of non-neural models for argument identification and classification.

The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Dalrymple ◽  
John J. Lowe ◽  
Louise Mycock
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar

This is the most comprehensive reference work on Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), which will be of interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students, academics, and researchers in linguistics and in related fields. Covering the analysis of syntax, semantics, morphology, prosody, and information structure, and how these aspects of linguistic structure interact in the nontransformational framework of LFG, this book will appeal to readers working in a variety of sub-fields, including researchers involved in the description and documentation of languages, whose work continues to be an important part of the LFG literature The book consists of three parts. The first part examines the syntactic theory and formal architecture of LFG, with detailed explanation and comprehensive illustration, providing an unparalleled introduction to the fundamentals of the theory. The second part of the book explores nonsyntactic levels of linguistic structure, including the syntax-semantics interface and semantic representation, argument structure, information structure, prosodic structure, and morphological structure, and how these are related in the projection architecture of LFG. The third part of the book illustrates the theory more explicitly by presenting explorations of the syntax and semantics of a range of representative linguistic phenomena: modification, anaphora, control, coordination, and long-distance dependencies. The final chapter discusses LFG-based work not covered elsewhere in the book, as well as new developments in the theory.

scholarly journals Morphology in Lexical-Functional Grammar and Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar

2018 ◽  
pp. 211-243
Author(s):  
Louisa Sadler ◽  
Rachel Nordlinger
Keyword(s):  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Phrase Structure Grammar ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Morphological Theory

Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) and Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) are both lexicalist, non-transformational, constraint-based grammatical frameworks. While they differ in many respects, they share a number of fundamental principles relevant to morphological theory and analysis, which guide the overall architecture of the grammar. The two frameworks also share a common commitment to being fully explicit and implementable, with strong links to computational implementations. This chapter provides an overview of the general approaches to morphology and the morphology-syntax interface taken by researchers working within these frameworks, illustrating the relevant aspects of each framework through discussion of morphological phenomena such as multiple exponence, auxiliaries, case stacking, morphotactics and clitics.

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