Uniformity Detection for Straws Based on Overlapping Region Analysis

Nowadays, the advanced comprehensive utilization and the complete prohibition of burning fully covered straws in croplands have become increasingly important in agriculture engineering. As a kind of direct straw-mulching method in China, conservation tillage with straw smashing is an effective method to reduce pollution and enhance fertility. In view of the high straw-returning yields, complicated manual operation, and the poor performance of straw detection with machine vision, this study introduces a novel form of uniformity detection for straws based on overlapping region analysis. An image-processing technology using a novel overlapping region analysis was proposed to overcome the inefficiency and low precision resulting from the manual identification of the straw uniformity. In this study, the debris in the gray map was removed according to region characteristics. Through using morphological theory with overlapping region analysis in low-density cases, straws of appropriate length can be identified and then uniformity detection can be accomplished. Compared with traditional threshold segmentation methods, the advantages of an accurate identification, fast operation, and high efficiency contribute to the better performance of the innovative overlapping region analysis. Finally, the proposed algorithm was verified through detecting the uniformity in low-density cases, with an average accuracy rate of 97.69%, providing a novel image recognition solution for automatic straw-mulching systems.

Puthamithranar’s Morphological Theory

Language undergoes some changes over time. These changes contribute to the development of the language. Tamil Grammar texts including Agathiyam, Tolkappiyam, Yapparungalam, Yapparungalakarikai, Purapporul Venpamalai which appeared in Tamil have been grammarized according to the Tamil tradition. However, Veerasozhiyam, which appeared in the 11th century AD, is a slightly different grammar text from this tradition. In particular, the Sanskrit language is written following the grammatical tradition. The author of this text, Ponparri Kavalar Puthamithranar, has written with the thought that Sanskrit Language mother for all tamil words. This Text has five Chapters: Eḻuttu, col, poruḷ, yāppu, alaṅkāram. The comprehensive authority of this Text is the authority to say. It consists of Col Athikaram 55 Norpas: vēṟṟumaip paṭalam (9), upakārap paṭalam (6), tokaip paṭalam (8), tattitap paṭalam (8), tātup paṭalam (11), kiriyā patap paṭalam (13). This system of authority is also based on the grammar of the Sansktrit. This article is based on the Morphological theory of Puthamithranar, ‘Tamil language grammatical tradition and Sanskrit language grammatical tradition are combined’ the hypothesis is put forward and written.

Metapragmatic neology in digital discourse

This note addresses the topic of Judith Bridges’s focus article, namely ‑splain neologisms such as mansplain, thinsplain and covidsplain, from the perspective of morphological theory. I attempt to show that Morphopragmatics, a subfield of morphology, can account for the complex pragmatics of word formation processes like those in ‑splain neology. I propose that the analysis of ‑splain words as constructional idioms, under the framework of Construction Morphology, provides a suitable account of the pragmatic effects associated with the innovations in this lexical pattern.

Unpacking contemporary English blends: Morphological structure, meaning, processing

<p>It is not coincidental that blend words (e. g. nutriceutical ← nutricious + pharmaceutical, blizzaster ← blizzard + disaster) are more and more often used in media sources. In a blend, two (or sometimes more) words become one compact and attention-catching form, which is at the same time relatively transparent, so that the reader or listener can still recognise several constituents in it. These features make blends one of the most intriguing types of word formation. At the same time, blends are extremely challenging to study. A classical morpheme-based morphological description is not suitable for blends because their formation does not involve morphemes as such. This implies two possible approaches: either to deny blends a place in regular morphology (as suggested in Dressler (2000), for example), or to find grounds for including them into general morphological descriptions and theories (as was done, using different frameworks, in López Rúa (2004b), Gries (2012), Arndt-Lappe and Plag (2013) and other studies). The growing number of blends observed in various media sources indicates that this phenomenon is an important characteristic of the living contemporary language, and therefore, blends cannot be ignored in a morphological description of the English language (and many other typologically different languages). Moreover, I believe that the general morphological theory has to embrace blends because of the vast amount of regularity observed in their formation, despite their incredible diversity. The formation of blends involves both addition and subtraction, which relates them both to compounds and to clippings. This research aims to clarify the morphological status of blends in relation to the neighbouring word formation categories, in particular, to the so-called clipping compounds (e.g. digicam ← digital + camera). To approach this problem, I compiled a collection of English neologisms formed by merging two (in some cases, more) words into one, and analysed their formal and semantic properties. The results of this analysis were used to distinguish between blends and clipping compounds, and also to justify the classification of blends according to different degrees of formal transparency (using the principles of Lehrer’s (1996, 2007) classification). The strength of the association between blends (or clipping compounds) and their source words was then assessed in two experiments: an online survey involving evaluating definitions of blends and clipping compounds, and a psycholinguistic experiment involving a production and a lexical decision task. The experimental findings show that recognisability of the source words of blends and clipping compounds has significant influence both on the evaluation of their definitions and on their processing. The main implication of the experimental results is that blends, unlike clipping compounds, are closer to compounds than to clippings. In addition to this, significant differences are revealed between blends containing full source words and blends containing only parts of them. Therefore, the structural type of blend, as defined in this study, is a factor which has strong influence on the processing of blends and their source words.</p>

Unpacking contemporary English blends: Morphological structure, meaning, processing

<p>It is not coincidental that blend words (e. g. nutriceutical ← nutricious + pharmaceutical, blizzaster ← blizzard + disaster) are more and more often used in media sources. In a blend, two (or sometimes more) words become one compact and attention-catching form, which is at the same time relatively transparent, so that the reader or listener can still recognise several constituents in it. These features make blends one of the most intriguing types of word formation. At the same time, blends are extremely challenging to study. A classical morpheme-based morphological description is not suitable for blends because their formation does not involve morphemes as such. This implies two possible approaches: either to deny blends a place in regular morphology (as suggested in Dressler (2000), for example), or to find grounds for including them into general morphological descriptions and theories (as was done, using different frameworks, in López Rúa (2004b), Gries (2012), Arndt-Lappe and Plag (2013) and other studies). The growing number of blends observed in various media sources indicates that this phenomenon is an important characteristic of the living contemporary language, and therefore, blends cannot be ignored in a morphological description of the English language (and many other typologically different languages). Moreover, I believe that the general morphological theory has to embrace blends because of the vast amount of regularity observed in their formation, despite their incredible diversity. The formation of blends involves both addition and subtraction, which relates them both to compounds and to clippings. This research aims to clarify the morphological status of blends in relation to the neighbouring word formation categories, in particular, to the so-called clipping compounds (e.g. digicam ← digital + camera). To approach this problem, I compiled a collection of English neologisms formed by merging two (in some cases, more) words into one, and analysed their formal and semantic properties. The results of this analysis were used to distinguish between blends and clipping compounds, and also to justify the classification of blends according to different degrees of formal transparency (using the principles of Lehrer’s (1996, 2007) classification). The strength of the association between blends (or clipping compounds) and their source words was then assessed in two experiments: an online survey involving evaluating definitions of blends and clipping compounds, and a psycholinguistic experiment involving a production and a lexical decision task. The experimental findings show that recognisability of the source words of blends and clipping compounds has significant influence both on the evaluation of their definitions and on their processing. The main implication of the experimental results is that blends, unlike clipping compounds, are closer to compounds than to clippings. In addition to this, significant differences are revealed between blends containing full source words and blends containing only parts of them. Therefore, the structural type of blend, as defined in this study, is a factor which has strong influence on the processing of blends and their source words.</p>

Advances in Morphological Theory: Construction Morphology and Relational Morphology

In recent years, construction-based approaches to morphology have gained ground in the research community. This framework is characterized by the assumption that the mental lexicon is extensive and richly structured, containing not only a large number of stored words but also a wide variety of generalizations in the form of schemas. This review explores two construction-based theories, Construction Morphology and Relational Morphology. After outlining the basic theoretical architecture, the article presents an array of recent applications of a construction-based approach to morphological phenomena in various languages. In addition, it offers reflections on challenges and opportunities for further research. The review highlights those aspects of the theory that have proved particularly helpful in accommodating both the regularities and the quirks that are typical of the grammar of words. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 8 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Introducing Morphology

A lively introduction to morphology, this textbook is intended for undergraduates with relatively little background in linguistics. It shows students how to find and analyze morphological data and presents them with basic concepts and terminology concerning the mental lexicon, inflection, derivation, morphological typology, productivity, and the interfaces between morphology and syntax on the one hand and phonology on the other. By the end of the text students are ready to understand morphological theory and how to support or refute theoretical proposals. Providing data from a wide variety of languages, the text includes hands-on activities designed to encourage students to gather and analyse their own data. The third edition has been thoroughly updated with new examples and exercises. Chapter 2 now includes an updated detailed introduction to using linguistic corpora, and there is a new final chapter covering several current theoretical frameworks.

Photovoltaic Power Station Electromagnetic Environment Complexity Evaluation Utilizing Logarithmic Morphological Gradient Spectrum

In this paper, a feature extraction method for evaluating the complexity of the Electromagnetic Environment (EME) of the photovoltaic power station is presented by using logarithmic morphological gradient spectrum (LMGS) based on the mathematical morphological theory. We use LMGS to evaluate electromagnetic environment signals. We also explored the impact of structure element (SE) on the MS, MGS, and LMGS. Three types of SE, mean the line SE, square SE and diamond SE, are utilized and compared for computing the LMGS. EME signals with four complexity degrees are simulated to evaluate the effectiveness of the presented method. The experimental results have shown that the feature extraction scheme proposed in this paper is a reasonable method to classify the complexity of EME.

The Analysis of Circumfix (ka-an) in Minang Language Subdistrict Sei Geringging Pariaman

The aim of the research is to give the description of circumfix ( ka-an) in Minang Language subdistrict Sei Geringging Pariaman. This is descriptive qualitative research. The steps in collecting data are: reading and underlying sentences that contains affixes and classifying the class. The collected data are analyzed by using morphological theory by Bauer (1988). The result of the analysis reveals that circumfix (ka-an) in Minang Language subdistrict Sei Geringging Pariaman could be used with the base form of noun, verb and adjective. Some of them change the class of words (derrivational) and some of them keep the same class of word (inflectional).

IDENTIFIKASI MORFOLOGI KAWASAN KAMPUNG MELAYU KOTA SEMARANG

ABSTRACTCity development increases with the increase in the number of people living in a city. Urban development as a result of development has created metropolitan cities as centers of growth that drive the urbanization process. The spatial component is not only the background of the inhabitants, but also the physical buildings which become assets to maintain the existence of the village. This is supported by the Trancik theory which states that the physical space theory of cities consists of basic images, linkages, places, and these three theories are complementary. In addition to the morphological theory according to Trancik, to determine physical specifications that are supported by morphology theory which contains the architectural form of an area. By developing cities, urban morphology will also change according to city developments. The process of forming urban morphology is the process of forming city life. An ancient village that still has high historical value and has an important meaning, namely Kampung Melayu. The potential for cultural and ethnic images that have more than one ethnicity makes Kampung Melayu a role in ordering morphology in the city of Semarang. The research objective is to identify the morphology of the Kampung Melayu Semarang. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with primary data in the form of observation and secondary data in the form of literature review. The resulting output is the morphology of Kampung Melayu seen from the theory of Ground, Linkage and Place drawings as well as road patterns so that later it can be used to determine the Spatial Plan.Keyword: Morphology, City Development, Kampung Melayu ABSTRAKPerkembangan kota ditandai dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk yang tinggal di suatu kota. Pembangunan perkotaan dari hasil pembangunan selama ini telah menciptakan kota-kota metropolitan sebagai pusat pertumbuhan yang mendorong proses urbanisasi. Komponen ruang bukan hanya hanya latar belakang penduduknya, namun juga bangunan fisik yang menjadi aset untuk mempertahankan eksistensi kampung. Hal ini didukung dengan teori Trancik yang mengatakan bahwa teori ruang fisik kota terdiri dari figure ground, linkage, place dan ketiga teori ini saling melengkapi. Selain teori morfologi menurut Trancik, untuk menentukan identifikasi fisik didukung dengan teori tipomorfologi yang berisi mengenai bentuk arsitektur suatu kawasan.Dengan berkembangnya kota maka morfologi perkotaan juga akanberubah mengikuti perkembangan kota. Proses terbentuknya morfologi kota (urban morphology) merupakan proses terbentuknya kehidupan kota. Potensi citra budaya serta memiliki etnis lebih dari satu menjadikan Kampung Melayu memberikan peran dalam pembentukan morfologi di Kota Semarang. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi Morfologi kampung Melayu Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data primer berupa observasi lapangan dan data sekunder berupa kajian literatur. Keluaran yang dihasilkan yaitu berupa morfologi Kampung Melayu dilihat dari teori Figure Ground, Linkage dan Place serta pola jalan sehingga nantinya dapat digunakan untuk arahan dalam menentukan Rencana Tata Ruang.Keyword: Morfologi Kota, Perkembangan, Kampung Melayu