Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Konvergensi Pendapatan Perkapita antar Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia

The main objective of this study is to test the convergence of income per capita in APT countries through three models: absolute convergence, conditional convergence and sigma convergence. Regression analysis of panel data from 13 APT countries during the period of 2001-2014 is used to analysed to study problem. In absolute convergence model, the growth of real GDP per capita and initial real GDP are used as the variables, meanwhile, 8 variables such as the growth of real GPD per capita, initial real GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio are analyzed in conditional convergence model. According to the Solow model, the economies of the countries will converge in which the growth of income per capita of developing countries will be higher than those of developed countries. The economies will be convergent if the countries tend to move to a similar steady state resulting in smaller gap between the countries. Based on the results of absolute convergence and conditional convergence models, APT countries is converging with the rate of 2% and 2.2%. This is consistent with the results of sigma convergence model that shows a declining trend in the dispersion of real GDP per capita in APT regions. The growth of real GDP per capita is influenced by initial GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio. Developed countries such as Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and South Korea experience the impact of high real GDP per capita growth. On the contrary, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam and The Phillipines undergo the impact of low GDP per capita growth.

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About the convergence type of improper integrals defining fractional derivatives

Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematica ◽

10.12697/acutm.2019.23.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 95-102

Author(s):

B. Kalam ◽

G. Vainikko

Keyword(s):

Pointwise Convergence ◽

Fractional Derivatives ◽

Absolute Convergence ◽

Conditional Convergence ◽

Differentiable Functions ◽

Improper Integrals ◽

Convergence Type

This article continues the analysis of the class of fractionally differentiable functions. We complete the main result of [4] that characterises the class of fractionally differentiable functions in terms of the pointwise convergence of certain improper integrals containing these functions. Our aim is to present an example, which shows that in order to obtain all fractionally differentiable functions, one may not replace the conditional convergence of those integrals by their absolute convergence.

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The Analysis of Income per Capita Convergence on ASEAN Plus Three (APT) Countries

SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ◽

10.29259/sijdeb.v1i1.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Any Fatiwetunusa ◽

Syamsurijal Syamsurijal ◽

Sa’adah Yuliana

Keyword(s):

Absolute Convergence ◽

Value Added ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Conditional Convergence ◽

Income Per Capita ◽

Real Gdp ◽

Real Gdp Per Capita ◽

Per Capita ◽

Convergence Model ◽

The Impact

The main objective of this study is to test the convergence of income per capita in APT countries through three models: absolute convergence, conditional convergence and sigma convergence. Regression analysis of panel data from 13 APT countries during the period of 2001-2014 is used to analysed to study problem. In absolute convergence model, the growth of real GDP per capita and initial real GDP are used as the variables, meanwhile, 8 variables such as the growth of real GPD per capita, initial real GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio are analyzed in conditional convergence model. According to the Solow model, the economies of the countries will converge in which the growth of income per capita of developing countries will be higher than those of developed countries. The economies will be convergent if the countries tend to move to a similar steady state resulting in smaller gap between the countries. Based on the results of absolute convergence and conditional convergence models, APT countries is converging with the rate of 2% and 2.2%. This is consistent with the results of sigma convergence model that shows a declining trend in the dispersion of real GDP per capita in APT regions. The growth of real GDP per capita is influenced by initial GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio. Developed countries such as Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and South Korea experience the impact of high real GDP per capita growth. On the contrary, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam and The Phillipines undergo the impact of low GDP per capita growth.

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Productivity Convergence and Asian Trade Blocks

Handbook of Research on Global Indicators of Economic and Political Convergence - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0215-9.ch005 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 92-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chiranjib Neogi

Keyword(s):

Productivity Growth ◽

Growth Process ◽

Absolute Convergence ◽

Strong Tendency ◽

Conditional Convergence ◽

Productivity Convergence ◽

Penn World Table ◽

Trade Blocks ◽

Standard Tests

The present chapter tries to examine the trend of productivity growth and the process of convergence of productivity among the countries within three blocks viz., ASEAN, APEC and SAARC, using the data compiled by R. Summers and A. Heston in Penn World Table -Mark 5.6 and 7.1. Applying Galton model of the growth process it indicates that the countries within ASEAN and SAARC block do not show any convergence of productivity during the period 1960 to 2010. However, the countries within APEC show the sign of convergence of productivity. Standard tests for convergence show that only the APEC group of countries satisfies the test of absolute convergence that is significant whereas ASEAN and SAARC fail to satisfy the test of absolute convergence. The application of the test of conditional convergence on the ASEAN group of countries does not satisfy the criteria of convergence conditioned by the volume of investment but it shows strong tendency of conditional convergence of productivity among the countries of SAARC trade block.

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Nexus Among Energy Consumption Structure, Energy Intensity, Population Density, Urbanization And Carbon Intensity: A Heterogeneous Panel Evidence Considering Differences In Electrification Rates

10.21203/rs.3.rs-581133/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingqi Sun ◽

Xiaohui Guo ◽

Yuan Wang ◽

Jing Shi ◽

Yiquan Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Population Density ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Absolute Convergence ◽

Carbon Intensity ◽

Conditional Convergence ◽

Consumption Structure ◽

Urbanization Rate ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Heterogeneous Panel

Abstract In this paper, the clustering method is used to divide the 30 provinces of the country into high, medium and low electrification rates according to the electrification rate from 2000 to 2017. The heterogeneous panel technology is used to analyze the relationship of energy consumption structure, energy intensity, population density, urbanization rate and carbon intensity. According to Cross-sectional dependence(CD) test and cross-section Im-Pesaran-Shin (CIPS) test results, the data of each panel are not in the form of same order single integer, so α convergence analysis, β absolute convergence, and β conditional convergence analysis are required. The results show that the carbon intensity of the four panels shows an α convergence; the β absolute convergence shows there is a “catch-up effect”; β conditional convergence indicates that the carbon intensity approaches their respective steady state levels; there is a long-term equilibrium relationship of energy consumption structure, energy intensity, population density and carbon intensity in all panels, but the urbanization rate has a significant impact on carbon intensity only in areas with high electrification rates. Finally, based on the results of empirical research, policy recommendations for reducing the carbon intensity in different regions are proposed.

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