Human Development Index (HDI) in Lampung Province Period 2013-2018

Human development index (HDI) is one of the benchmarks used to see the quality of human life as measured by looking at the level of human life quality of education, health and economy. This study aims to determine the effect of government spending from the education, health and capital expenditure sectors as well as income on the human development index. The data used is a secondary data in 7 districts in Lampung Province period of 2013-2018 which was obtained from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DGFB Ministry of Finance) and the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) in Lampung province. The results of the analysis show that the government spending in the education sector and capital expenditure have a positive and significant effect on the human development index while the health sector spending as well as income have a negative and significant effect on the human development index.

Escalation of Commitment: Supporting Role from Accountants

Previous research has mostly examined the phenomenon of escalation of commitment in the context of decision making by managers in an investment project. However, in the capital budgeting process, before making investment decisions managers tend to consider information produced by accountants. This study examines the phenomenon of escalation of commitment using the perspective of supporting role of accountants as the party that provides information for investment decision making by managers, especially in the presence of sunk costs. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. The sample in this study are 156 undergraduate students majoring in Accounting who had passed Financial Accounting and Management Accounting courses. Based on the results of the independent sample t-test, it shows that accountants who experienced sunk cost conditions tend to provide reports that directed managers towards escalation of commitment behavior compared to accountants who do not experience sunk cost conditions. The presence of sunk cost makes accountants have better mind frame to get the possibility of profit compared with a definite loss so that the decisions they make tend to provide reports that lead to the escalation of commitment behavior.

The Role of Ethical Environment in Reducing Escalation of Commitment Bias

Several empirical studies have shown that decision makers tend to experience an escalation of commitment bias, namely a tendency to continue investment projects that are less profitable, even though there is information of the less profitable project performance and that other available alternative investment opportunities are more profitable in the future. This study aims to improve the manager's decision making behavior model by considering the ethical environment as one of the factors that influence investment project evaluation decisions. More specifically, this study empirically examines the ethical environment as a strategy to reduce the tendency for escalation of commitment behavior. This study uses a laboratory experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial experimental design between subject with adverse selection (present / absent) and ethical environment (strong / weak). The research sample consisted of 246 undergraduate and postgraduate students in Accounting and Management who acted as investment project managers. Based on ANOVA analysis results, it shows that managers who experience adverse selection conditions tend to continue unfavorable projects (conduct escalation of commitment). In addition, the results of this study also show that the tendency of managers to end investment projects that are not profitable for managers who are in a condition of a strong ethical environment will be greater when they experience adverse selection conditions compared to when they do not experience it.

Analysis of Internal Control of Good Corporate Governance and Fraud Prevention (Study at the Regional Government of Jambi City)

This study aims to analyze whether there is an influence of internal control on fraud prevention and Good Corporate Governance, and to analyze whether there is an effect of Good Corporate Governance on fraud prevention, and to analyze internal control against fraud prevention with Good Corporate Governance as intervening variable (Study at the Regional Government of Jambi City). This research method uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to all SKPDs of the Jambi City government with 49 respondents using purposive sampling and returning 47 questionnaires. Methods of data analysis using SEM-PLS analysis (Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square). The results of the study show that internal control does not affect fraud prevention, internal control does not affect Good Corporate Governance and Good Corporate Governance does not affect fraud prevention.

Portfolio Asset Allocation Decisions: A Meta-Analysis

Portfolio asset allocation decisions are not passive as mention in the modern portfolio theory, because many factors that can influence it. The purpose of this study is to explain the portfolio asset allocation decisions based on the results of previous research studies by using a meta-analysis approach. The meta-analysis was carried out from a systematic review of the literature review. This study uses secondary data gathered from the various reputable journal by using 14 relevance research that has been published for the period of 2005 – 2019. The result explains that various empirical evidence of many studies on portfolio asset allocation decisions systematically can provide an overview of research trends and types of research conducted by researchers. Most of the studies are quantitative research, use a more behavioral approach, and provide new insights related to factors that can influence investors in making portfolio asset allocation decisions

Determination of Optimal Size of Government in Relation to Output Growth in Nigeria: A Monte Carlo Simulation Evidence

This paper attempted to estimate optimal size of public sector that prompts positive output growth in Nigeria based on Monte Carlo simulation of estimated parameters of an error correction model having controlled for regime effect. Our motivation derives from economic theory that absence of government could be injurious to output growth culminating in unavailability of contracts and public goods. Using different policy scenarios of public sector share in GDP, the study validates and supports the tenets of Rahn Curve that economy shrinks when government grows enormous as we found 40% public sector spending as proportion of GDP as optimal public sector size that stimulates positive growth rate of about 0.095% having controlled for regime effect. By implication, our original contribution in this study is amplified on our empirics that public sector role in Nigerian economy is less than or equal to 40%. Consequently, any size of public sector beyond forty percent is economically destructive as it capable of stimulating negative spill overs on the economy due to growing taxes and public debt repayment. Hence, public sector spending should be significantly less than forty percent or at most forty percent for purpose of economic growth. This indeed translates to enforcing responsible fiscal policy centred on forty percent public sector size.

Applying Social Exchange Theory to Value Co-Creation Frame: Does it Leads to Customer Loyalty?

The emergence of E-commerce has brought many advantages, especially in economic development. With the continuously significant growth of E-commerce users, it is crucial for e-commerce platforms to sustain their business. Applying value co-creation is beneficial for e-commerce to gain a competitive advantage that leads to customer loyalty. This study aims to seek the role of value-co creation behaviour as a mediating variable between the key construct in Social Exchange Theory (satisfaction and trust) and customer loyalty. The research uses SEM-PLS to examine the model and the result indicates value co-creation behaviour influences customer loyalty positively. Hence, it is important for the e-commerce platform to gain customer trust and satisfaction to enhance their willingness to value cocreation behaviour, leading to customer loyalty.

Maqashid Syariah in Practical Sustainability Report (Case Study of BUMN in South Sumatra)

The expectations of various parties regarding accounting in the future are to produce relevant, reliable and comparable information for all parties in assessing and making economic decisions that are more friendly to society and the environment. Factors that must be owned by an entity as a form of concern for the entity towards an environment are: (1). Having attention to the environment (Environmental awareness) itself, then followed by; (2). The organization's involvement in environmental issues (Environmental Involvement). The follow-up of these two factors are; (3). Environmental Reporting, lastly enhanced by; (4). Environmental Auditing which measures and evaluates organizational performance. These activities are formulated into a Suistainability Report, which is compiled in combination with the company's Annual Report or a separate report. The essence of the theory of maqashid al-syari'ah is to realize goodness as well as to avoid badness, or to benefit (mashlahat) and reject madharat. The object of this study were 2 state-owned companies operating in the South Sumatra region with 352 respondents involved. This research uses quantitative methods with primary data. The dependent variable was maqashid syariah, while the independent variable was economic categories, environment categories, and social categories with indicators adopted from Global Reporting Innitiative (GRI). The results of this study indicate that the economic categories, environment categories, and social categories have a positive influence on maqashid syariah.

Privacy Concerns in Personalized Advertising Effectiveness on Social Media

One of the characteristics of industry 4.0 is that consumers increasingly want products to be made just for themselves. This can be supported by the presence of big data, which of course cannot be separated from the use of information, the more complete the data, the more precise and accurate the targeting will be. However, the use of information for some people can also be considered a violation of privacy. Various research about personalized advertising been tested and have yielded mixed results both positive and negative on perceptions and behaviour, and provide directions for next research to testing various consumer factors as moderating variable. This study aims to fill the gaps in previous research by examining the role of consumer privacy concerns as a moderating variable that affects the relationship of personalized advertising on the perceived advertising value of consumers using a survey method on 131 respondents who are active users of Instagram in Indonesia. The findings of this study that advertising personalization have a positive effect on advertising value and purchase intention and privacy concerns do not moderate the effect of personalized advertising on advertising value. This is influenced by the factor of respondents aged 17-25 years, where they can be said to be the Tech Savvy generation. Further research suggestions are also discussed in this study.

Sectoral analysis of Human Capital Investment, Labour Productivity and Poverty in Nigeria

This paper is on the analysis of human capital investment and labour productivity in a situation of a rising incidence of poverty in Nigeria on a sectoral basis between 1986 and 2019. Adopting the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique, three sectors were considered in the analysis: the agricultural, industrial and service sectors. Key in the results of the study is in two folds. In the first case, there is a direct positive effect of human capital investment on labour productivity, and a direct negative impact of poverty on labour productivity across the three sectors. In the second case, poverty decreases the contribution of human capital investment to labour productivity growth in the agricultural and industrial sectors in the short run only. But there is insufficient evidence on this in the service sector.