Book Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Antonina Levatino
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Controversial Nature

Martin Geiger & Antoine Pécoud (eds.), Disciplining the Transnational Mobility of People, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 271 pp., (ISBN 978-1-137-26306-3).In the last decades a very diverse range of initiatives have been undertaken in order to intensify and diversify the ways human mobility is managed and restricted. This trend towards a ‘diversification’ of the migration control strategies stems from the increased awareness by the nation-states of the profoundly controversial nature of the migration management enterprise because of its political, economic, social and moral implications.

scholarly journals Visualizing the Regionalized Structure of Mobility between Countries Worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312095856
Author(s):  
Emanuel Deutschmann
Keyword(s):  
Community Detection ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Community Detection Algorithm

Despite the sociological relevance of human mobility between nation-states, our knowledge about its planet-scale structure is still limited. Here, geographic mapping, algorithm-based community detection, network visualization, and conventional line plots are combined to display the network structure of 2.3 billion estimated trips between countries worldwide in 2016, together with information about the (non)evolution of this structure over time. The graph reveals that transnational mobility is highly regionalized: 80 percent of all human movements between countries occur within world regions. Despite strong increases in the absolute amount of transnational mobility, this share remains extremely stable between 2011 and 2016. The community detection algorithm reveals six mobility clusters that clearly correspond to world regions: Africa, Asia and Oceania, the Americas, Eurasia, Europe, and the Middle East. This stable, regionalized structure suggests that a fully globalized “world society” is unlikely to emerge, as social ties remain parochial, even in the transnational sphere.

Migration, Borders, and Identity in the Latin American Context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Velasco Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Global Connections ◽  
A Current

In concert with more localized analyses of border regions, the Border Studies field has contributed to our understanding of how mobility affects identity. The distinction between cultural and identification boundaries has proved relevant for analyzing the identity processes that arise in border interactions typically marked by ambiguity and contradiction. However, the current migratory context is defined by dehumanizing social and political inequalities. This poses a conceptual challenge to understanding the subjectivities produced by the current policies of border control that dehumanize the immigrant and mobile person. This chapter reflects on the conceptual and empirical relationship between migration, borders, and identity in a current climate characterized by global connections and nation-states’ increasing border control over human mobility. It also analyzes the symbolic dimension of state border control and its consequences for constituting identities.

scholarly journals A Heating Controller Designing Based on Living Space Heating Dynamic’s Model Approach in a Smart Building

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Sadeghian Broujeny ◽  
Kurosh Madani ◽  
Abdennasser Chebira ◽  
Veronique Amarger ◽  
Laurent Hurtard
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Time Series Prediction ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques

Most already advanced developed heating control systems remain either in a prototype state (because of their relatively complex implementation requirements) or require very specific technologies not implementable in most existing buildings. On the other hand, the above-mentioned analysis has also pointed out that most smart building energy management systems deploy quite very basic heating control strategies limited to quite simplistic predesigned use-case scenarios. In the present paper, we propose a heating control strategy taking advantage of the overall identification of the living space by taking advantage of the consideration of the living space users’ presence as additional thermal sources. To handle this, an adaptive controller for the operation of heating transmitters on the basis of soft computing techniques by taking into account the diverse range of occupants in the heating chain is introduced. The strategy of the controller is constructed on a basis of the modeling heating dynamics of living spaces by considering occupants as an additional heating source. The proposed approach for modeling the heating dynamics of living spaces is on the basis of time series prediction by a multilayer perceptron neural network, and the controlling strategy regarding the heating controller takes advantage of a Fuzzy Inference System with the Takagi-Sugeno model. The proposed approach has been implemented for facing the dynamic heating conduct of a real five-floor building’s living spaces located at Senart Campus of University Paris-Est Créteil, taking into account the occupants of spaces in the control chain. The obtained results assessing the efficiency and adaptive functionality of the investigated fuzzy controller designed model-based approach are reported and discussed.

scholarly journals “I call it a system.” Unauthorized Migrants’ Understandings of the Long Reach of Dutch Internal Migration Controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Mieke Kox ◽  
Richard Staring
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Supranational Level

We draw on the concept of deportability to show how unauthorized migrants who (used to) live in the Netherlands perceive and experience Dutch internal-control mechanisms. We first conclude that these migrants’ deportability has serious legal, social, and existential effects on them, which they feel long after their return or deportation to their home country. Second, we state that unauthorized migrants evaluate the Dutch internal-control mechanisms as “one system” in which they distinguish three important, interlinked layers, consisting of (1) divergent actors, (2) laws and policies inside and outside the migration control domains located within (3) different geographies. This implies that individual nation-states, through their internal control mechanisms, also contribute to the externalization of migration control at a supranational level. We conclude that the state’s internal migration controls bring about immobility not only in the countries of settlement but also in the transit and home countries.

scholarly journals The pains of being unauthorized in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Kox ◽  
Miranda Boone ◽  
Richard Staring
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Current System ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Collateral Consequences ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Migration Control

Ethnographic fieldwork amongst 105 unauthorized migrants in the Netherlands shows that unauthorized migrants suffer from the pains of being unauthorized. These migrants feel punished and are severely hurt by – amongst others – the deprivation of healthy and secure living conditions, social and geographical mobility and citizenship. These migrants’ pains are caused by current restrictive migration controls, something the Dutch authorities could and should be aware of given previous research that provides similar insights. While the Dutch authorities do provide – the legally required – provisions for unauthorized migrants, we argue on the basis of Hayes’ proximity model that these authorities accept the collateral consequences of (possibly) being subjected to migration controls and purposely inflict these pains on unauthorized migrants. This means that migration control is not only experienced as punishment by those subjected to it, but that it is also intended to punish. The current system of migration control has as such expanded the reach of penal power. This implies that ‘punishment and society’ scholarship should also look beyond the borders of nation-states and criminal laws in order to understand contemporary punishment.

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