Feminist Ethnographies on Crime and Deviance: Contemporary Trends and Contributions to Criminology

This chapter reviews the origins of, and contemporary trends in, feminist ethnographies of crime and deviance to highlight how these works have shaped the broader field of criminology. First, this chapter underlines how the Chicago School, post-World War II, facilitated the growth of ethnographies on crime and deviance. Second, it traces the influence of second-wave feminisms and Black feminisms on criminology that challenged White masculinist modes of knowledge production. Next, contemporary works that examine carceral institutions, their collateral consequences, and stigmatized groups are considered for their potential to advance understandings of crime, deviance, and victimization. The chapter concludes by offering directions for future research and a discussion on the policy implications and radical potential of feminist ethnographies of crime and deviance.

121. Evaluation of Multifaceted Antimicrobial Stewardship in Optimizing Antimicrobial Usage in Intraabdominal Infection at a Community Hospital

Background Treatment of intraabdominal infections (IAI) commonly involves broad spectrum antimicrobials based on the severity and etiology of infections as well as the underlying medical conditions. However, the overuse of broad-spectrum agents has driven selection for Gram-negative and -positive resistance, as well as collateral consequences such as Clostridioides difficile colitis. We sought to evaluate the utilization of a pharmacy-driven multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) intervention to optimize empiric antimicrobial therapy by risk stratification among IAI patients and reduce the number of antibiotic treatment days. Methods This is a single-center case observation study in hospitalized adult IAI patients on antimicrobial therapy from Dec 2019-Feb 2020 compared to patients from Dec 2020-Feb 2021 after initiation of AMS with daily prospective audit and feedback. The composite primary outcome is reduction of antibiotic treatment days and de-escalation from broad spectrum antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, piperacillin/tazobactam, and carbapenems) to cephalosporins. Results We identified 40 patients each in the baseline (pre-AMS group) and post-AMS group via electronic medical record. Baseline characteristics were well-matched between groups. The majority of patients were diagnosed with community-acquired IAIs such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and cholecystitis. Fluoroquinolone use as empiric therapy was significantly lower in the post-AMS group vs. pre-AMS group (2.5% vs. 25%, p< 0.001), while non-Pseudomonas cephalosporin use was increased (25% post-AMS vs. 0% pre-AMS, p< 0.001). Oral fluoroquinolone use at discharge was significantly decreased in the post-AMS group (p< 0.001). Antibiotic treatment days remained unchanged. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in 30-day mortality, 30-day readmission, relapse, and C. difficile colitis. Conclusion A multifaceted antimicrobial therapy intervention successfully reduced the use of fluoroquinolones in patients with community-acquired IAI during hospitalization and discharge. No differences in mortality, readmission, or relapse rates were observed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Educational Consequences of Paternal Incarceration: Evidence from a Danish Policy Reform

Objectives This study estimates the causal effect of paternal incarceration on children’s educational outcomes measured at the end of compulsory schooling (9th grade) in Denmark. Methods I use Danish administrative data and rely on a sentencing reform in 2000, which expanded the use of non-custodial alternatives to incarceration for traffic offenders, for plausibly exogenous variation in the risk of experiencing paternal incarceration. Results The results show that paternal incarceration does not affect academic achievement (grade point average), but that it does reduce the number of grades obtained, and–most importantly–roughly doubles the risk of not even completing compulsory school and getting a 9th grade certificate. These findings are driven mainly by boys for whom paternal incarceration appear to be particularly consequential. Conclusions The findings presented in this study highlight the presence of unintended and collateral consequences of penal policies–even in the context of a relatively mild penal regime. Effects are, however, estimated for a subgroup of Danish children experiencing paternal incarceration, and how results translate to other subgroups and beyond the Danish context is open for speculation.

A qualitative content analysis of an online support forum for family members of individuals with reported histories of sexual offences

Few studies have examined the impact of sexual offences on non-offending family members. Using thematic content analysis of posts on a relevant, anonymous online support community website, the current study identified the experiences and needs of family members following a sexual offence. Findings indicate that collateral consequences of legal restrictions, coupled with stigma, result in enduring emotional, social, and practical difficulties for non-offending family members. In addition, family members highlighted an important role in providing practical and emotional support for alleged perpetrators managing offence-related challenges. Uncertainty surrounding registration requirements serves as a barrier to maintaining and accessing housing, planning key life events, and helping family members comply with parole requirements. Overall, findings serve to identify key challenges confronting non-offending family members and inform the design of services to support positive relationships associated with reduced re-offending.

Few Canadian children and youth were meeting the 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines 6-months into the COVID-19 pandemic: Follow-up from a national study

Daily life has changed for families due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this repeated cross-sectional study was to describe movement behaviours in Canadian children and youth six months into the pandemic (T2; October 2020) compared with the start of the pandemic (T1, April 2020). An online survey was distributed to parents (N=1568) of children and/or youth (5-17 years; 58% girls) in October 2020. The survey assessed changes in movement behaviours [physical activity (PA) and play, sedentary behaviours (SB), and sleep] from before the pandemic to October 2020 (T2). We compared these data to spring data (T1; April 2020; Moore et al., 2020) collected using identical methodology (N=1472; 54% girls). We report correlations between movement behaviours and relevant parental factors and provide word frequency distributions for open-ended responses. During the second wave, 4.5% of children (4.6% girls; 4.3% boys) and 1.9% of youth (1.3% girls, 2.4% boys) met the movement guidelines (3.1% overall). Whereas, during the first wave, 4.8% (2.8% girls, 6.5% boys) of children and 0.6% (0.8% girls, 0.5% boys) of youth were meeting combined guidelines (2.6% overall). Parental support was correlated with their child’s movement behaviours (T1 and T2). Our study demonstrates the ongoing challenges for children and youth to engage in healthy movement during the pandemic. Novelty bullets: • Our large-scale national study demonstrates that children and youth were not meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines during the second wave of the pandemic. • Our findings illustrate the need to protect children and youth from the collateral consequences of the pandemic.