scholarly journals The Corrosion Potential of Stainless Steels in Live Sea Water

1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsune AKASHI
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Sea Water

Biofouling and Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Stainless Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 539-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Microbial Corrosion ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbially Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Stainless steels are among the most investigated materials on biofouling and microbially-influenced corrosion (MIC). Although, generally corrosion-resistant owing to tenacious and passive surface film due to chromium, stainless steels are susceptible to extensive biofouling in sub-soil, fresh water and sea water and chemical process environments. Biofilms influence their corrosion behavior due to corrosion potential ennoblement and sub-surface pitting. Both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms catalyse microbial corrosion of stainless steels through biotic and abiotic mechanisms. MIC of stainless steels is common adjacent to welds at the heat-affected zone. Both austenite and delta ferrite phases may be susceptible. Even super stainless steels are found to be amenable to biofouling and MIC. Microbiological, electrochemical as well as physicochemical aspects of MIC pertaining to stainless steels in different environments are analyzed.

Structure and Properties of Stainless Steels Coatings Produced by Supersonic Plasma Spraying Method

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Borisov ◽  
A. Borisova ◽  
V. Golnik ◽  
A. Murashov ◽  
V. Bobrik
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Coating Structure ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
Stainless Steel Coatings ◽  
Spraying Method

Abstract Stainless steel coatings were produced by supersonic air-gas plasma spraying method. Mixture of air and natural gas was used as a plasma forming gas. Powders of 304L and 316L stainless steels were used for plasma spraying. Thickness of coatings was up to 3 mm. Coating structure was studied. Dependence of oxygen content in coatings upon particle sizes and spraying conditions was established. Investigation of electrochemical properties of coatings was carried out by potentiostatic method. Corrosion potential and corrosion rate in sea water, hydrochloric and sulphuric acid solutions were determined.

Corrosion Behaviors of 0Cr18Ni9 Stainless Steel under the Combination Action of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and V.natriegens

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Cai Xiang Gu ◽  
Xiao Ming Zhao ◽  
Yan Sheng Yin ◽  
Gui Jun Ji
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Microbial Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Microbial Film ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Advantage strains SRB and V.natriegens were obtained from the China East Sea for this study. Polarization curves, corrosion potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were adopted in order to investigate the corrosion behaviors of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel under the combination action of anaerobic SRB and facultative anaerobic V.natriegens, The characteristics and mechanisms of microbial corrosion action in sea water were analyzed in this paper. The results show that SRB and V.natriegens promote each other’s growth when cultivated in the mixed microbe medium, in which the rate of corrosion is higher than that in the single microbe; Under the combined action of the mixed microbe, the microbial film gets wider and thicker, and corrosion products and metabolite are produced, which furthermore accelerates the passivation and pit corrosion to the 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel.

Stainless Steels in Sea Water*

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
C. A. Powell ◽  
L. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Sea Water

scholarly journals Influence of the Alkaline Reserve of Chloride-Contaminated Mortars on the 6-Year Corrosion Behavior of Corrugated UNS S32304 and S32001 Stainless Steels

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asunción Bautista ◽  
Francisco Velasco ◽  
Manuel Torres-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Duplex Microstructure ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Alkaline Reserve ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
High Chloride ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

The durability of two lean corrugated duplex stainless steel (UNS S32304 and S32001) bars manufactured for concrete reinforcement was studied in four different corrosive conditions. These duplex stainless steels are more economical than the most traditional, well-known duplex grade steels (UNS S32205). The research was carried out in mortar samples for six years. In half of the samples, the alkaline reserve had been previously decreased, and their pH was slightly below 12, while in the other half, the pH close to the bars remained as-manufactured. Moreover, there were samples with modified and non-modified alkaline reserve where chlorides had been previously added to the mortar which were exposed to high relative humidity. In other samples—which were partially immersed in 3.5% NaCl—the chlorides entered through the mortar by natural diffusion. The electrochemical behavior of the reinforcements in these conditions was periodically monitored through corrosion potential (Ecorr) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements during the whole testing period. The samples were anodically polarized at the end of the exposure. The results prove that the decrease in the alkaline reserve of the mortars can affect the corrosion behavior of the studied lean duplex in environments with high chloride concentrations. The duplex microstructure of the reinforcements makes it so that the corrosion proceeds by selective attack of the phases.

The Successful Use of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Sea Water

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Moller
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Pump Impeller ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Free Service ◽  
Selection Of

Moller, G.E., International Nickel Co., Inc., Torrance, Calif. Abstract Austenitic stainless steels are providing excellent trouble-free service in sea water for pumps, propellers, valves. and other marine equipment. propellers, valves. and other marine equipment. Occasionally, a failure occurs as the result of deep localized pitting in a crevice. Data are given showing that austenitic, ferritic. and martensitic stainless steels suffer pitting in crevices and under deposits in quiescent sea water. Austenitic stainless steels remain free from attack in high-velocity sea water. Low-purity ferritic and the martensitic stainless steels frequently pit in high-velocity sea water. Crevice corrosion can be controlled effectively with cathodic protection from iron, zinc. aluminum or magnesium galvanic anodes or impressed current cathodic protection by polarization to -0.6 v vs Calomel. Austenitic stainless steel performs well in many situations because it is a component of a multi-alloy assembly utilizing iron or steel. Examples from field experience arc given. Introduction During the past decade, there has been a growing use of austenitic stainless steel in marine equipment. Most applications have been successful but an unexpected failure has been observed occasionally. It is the purpose of this paper to describe when and how to use austenitic stainless steel with success. The selection of stainless steels appears to result from the engineering requirements of new, advanced, high-speed, high-reliability commercial, pleasure, and military craft. Ocean science and pleasure, and military craft. Ocean science and engineering, offshore oil production, fishing, and ocean mining are also contributing to the selection of stainless steels for sea-water applications. The increasing use of stainless steel in the marine environment is found in work-boat propellers, pump components, bow thrusters, valves, shafting pump components, bow thrusters, valves, shafting and shaft components, through-hull fittings, parts on data-gathering buoys, fasteners, and housings of oceanographic instruments. When austenitic stainless steel has given good, corrosion-free service, it is most often found to be used as a key component in a multi component, multi-alloy assembly or system receiving the benefit of built-in cathodic protection. For example, in Fig. 1 a cast Type 304 (Alloy Casting Institute CF-4) propeller is being used on a steel seagoing tugboat with zinc anodes attached to the rudder. Fig. 2 shows a cast ACI CE-30 power-plant sea-water circulation-pump impeller free power-plant sea-water circulation-pump impeller free of any corrosion after 6 years of service that was used in combination with an austenitic cast-iron suction bell and diffuser. SPEJ p. 101

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