Complete Genome Sequence of SMBL-WEM22, a Halotolerant Strain of Kosakonia cowanii Isolated from Hong Kong Seawater

Kosakonia cowanii is a Gram-negative, motile, facultative anaerobic enterobacterium that is found in soil, water, and sewage. K. cowanii SMBL-WEM22 is a halotolerant strain that was isolated from seawater in Hong Kong. The complete genome of SMBL-WEM22 (5,037,617 bp, with a GC content of 55.02%) was determined by hybrid assembly of short- and long-read DNA sequences.

Comparative analysis of the use of udder treatment agents in the prevention of mastitis and improving the quality of milk in cows

The aim of this study is to study the effectiveness of the use of various means for treating the udder of cows in order to prevent the incidence of mastitis and improve the quality of milk. Since in order to prevent the development of mastitis for a long time, it is necessary not only to destroy the disease itself and fight its symptoms, but also to take all kinds of measures to prevent the disease. Methods. To conduct a scientific and economic experiment, 4 groups were formed, of which 3 are experimental and 1 control, according to the method of pairs-analogs using a tethered method of keeping in stalls in all four groups. To treat the udder, agents based on iodine, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine digluconate and probiotic bacteria were used. Results. The summer use of Priolit Vortex and Algavit Vortex in 1 experimental group showed a decrease in the number of mesophilic aerobic facultative anaerobic microorganisms in cow's milk from 200,000 to 97,000 CFU/cm3, which is 48.5 % less than at the beginning of the experiment. Treatment with disinfectants Priolit Vortex and Elovit Vortex in the 2 nd experimental group made it possible to reduce the number of mesophilic aerobic facultative anaerobic microorganisms by 68.4 %. The use of probiotic agents Skin Cleaner and PIP Cow Teat Cleaner for treating the udder of cows allowed to reduce the number of mesophilic aerobic facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the milk of cows in experimental group 3 from 180,000 to 110,000 CFU / in 1 cm3, which is 61.1 % less than the initial indicators. Somatic cells in the milk of cows of the 1st experimental group decreased from 750,000 to 120,000 in 1 cm3, in the 2nd experimental group the number of somatic cells decreased from 250,000 to 180,000 in 1 cm3, in the 3rd experimental group from 390,000 to 340,000 in 1 cm3. In the control group, an increase in the number of somatic cells was found by 84 %.

Chromobacterium violaceum causing neonatal osteomyelitis – A case report from Kerala

is facultative anaerobic, motile, oxidase positive gram negative bacilli which is a normal inhabitant of soil and stagnant water of the tropical and subtropical areas. Human infections caused by is very uncommon with only a few cases reported in the literature, the first case being described by JE Lesslarin in 1927 in Malaya. In humans, infections ranging from life threatening sepsis with metastatic abscesses to skin infections and urinary tract infections can be caused by . High mortality rates are associated with these infections. So it is very essential to diagnosis and treat with appropriate antibiotic at the earliest. Here we report a case of neonatal osteomyelitis by and could prevent sepsis by adequate antibiotic therapy and intensive treatment.

‘The Violet Killer’—Successful Treatment of an Infant with Chromobacterium violaceum Sepsis

Chromobacterium violaceum, a facultative anaerobic proteobacterium, is isolated from water and soil in tropical areas and has been implicated in infections like septicemia, visceral abscesses, skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis and diarrhea. Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis, a rarely reported phenomenon has a very high mortality rate. Here, we report a unique case of Chromobacterium sepsis in an infant. A 48-day-old baby boy was referred to our institution with h/o fever, loose stools and reduced activity. He was intubated and referred to us in septic shock. Radiological investigations revealed multiple abscesses in the liver, spleen and kidneys. The infant was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin.

Selective Adsorption of Amino Acids in Crystals of Monohydrocalcite Induced by the Facultative Anaerobic Enterobacter ludwigii SYB1

The morphology, crystal structure, and elemental composition of biominerals are commonly different from chemically synthesized minerals, but the reasons for these are not fully understood. A facultative anaerobic bacterium, Enterobacter ludwigii SYB1, is used in experiments to document the hydrochemistry, mineral crystallization, and cell surface characteristics of biomineralization. It was found that carbonate anhydrase and ammonia production were major factors influencing the alkalinity and saturation of the closed biosystem. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra showed that calcite, monohydrocalcite (MHC), and dypingite formed in samples with bacterial cells. It was also found that the (222) plane of MHC was the preferred orientation compared to standard data. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis of cell slices provides direct evidence of concentrated calcium and magnesium ions on the surface of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In addition, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that crystallized nanoparticles were formed within the EPS. Thus, the mechanism of the biomineralization induced by E. ludwigii SYB1 can be divided into three stages: (i) the production of carbonate anhydrase and ammonia increases the alkalinity and saturation state of the milieu, (ii) free calcium and magnesium ions are adsorbed and chelated onto EPS, and (iii) nanominerals crystallize and grow within the EPS. Seventeen kinds of amino acids were identified within both biotic MHC and the EPS of SYB1, while the percentages of glutamic and aspartic acid in MHC increased significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the adsorption energy was calculated for various amino acids on seven diffracted crystal faces, with preferential adsorption demonstrated on (111) and (222) faces. At the same time, the lowest adsorption energy was always that of glutamic and aspartic acid for the same crystal plane. These results suggest that aspartic and glutamic acid always mix preferentially in the crystal lattice of MHC and that differential adsorption of amino acids on crystal planes can lead to their preferred orientation. Moreover, the mixing of amino acids in the mineral structure may also have a certain influence on the mineral lattice dislocations, thus enhancing the thermodynamic characteristics.

Primary mammary actinomycosis challenged with penicillin allergy

Actinomycosis is a subacute-to-chronic bacterial infection caused by gram-positive, filamentous, non-acid-fast, facultative anaerobic bacteria. It is a normal commensal bacterium found in the oral cavity and the lower reproductive tract of women. We present a case of primary actinomycosis of the breast. A postmenopausal woman, complicated by penicillin allergy, presented with a left breast lump clinically simulating malignancy. The first line of treatment for actinomycosis is penicillin. Due to a penicillin allergy, the patient was initially treated with doxycycline. However, doxycycline was discontinued due to tremors, and was replaced by clindamycin. The patient had a good clinical response with resolution of the abscess.

Chromobacterium violaceum Periareolar Infection, First Non-Lethal Case in Colombia: Case Report and Literature Review

Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative rod found in different ecosystems, especially tropical and subtropical areas. Human infections are rare, and just a few cases have been reported in literature. In this paper, we present the first non-lethal infection due to Chromobacterium violaceum, in an adult male with polycystic kidney disease in Colombia. Periareolar soft tissue infection was documented with isolation of Chromobacterium violaceum. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcome are shown.