scholarly journals Heart rate deflection point as a non-invasive method to determine the anaerobic threshold in trained elderly women in the aquatic environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Luana Siqueira Andrade ◽  
Mariana Silva Häfele ◽  
Gustavo Zaccaria Schaun ◽  
Samara Nickel Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana Borba Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Invasive Method

Introduction: The anaerobic threshold (AT) determination is important for individualizing the aerobic training prescription. Objective: To compare and verify the agreement between oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at the AT determined by the ventilatory threshold (VT) and heart rate deflection point (HRDP) methods during an aquatic incremental test in trained older women. Methods: Nine elderly women (64.3 ± 4.4 years) engaged in a water-based training program in the last three months performed a maximum incremental test using the water-based stationary running exercise. The test started at a 70 bpm cadence for 2 min, followed by 15 bpm increments every 2 min until exhaustion. VO2, HR and RPE were measured throughout the test and the AT was identified for each method (i.e., VT and HRDP) by three experienced physiologists. Paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis were used for data analysis (α=0.05). Results: There was no difference between the VT and HRDP methods (p>0.05) and the Bland-Altman analysis showed acceptable agreement between them for all investigated outcomes (VO2: 22.9 ± 5.1 vs. 23.5 ± 4.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, IC95%: -3-+4 ml.kg-1.min-1; HR: 147 ± 11 vs. 147 ± 11 bpm, IC95%: -9-+8 bpm; RPE: 16 ± 1 vs. 16 ± 1, IC95%: -2-+3). Conclusion: Based on these findings, both HR and RPE determined by the HRDP can be used as valid parameters and practical tools for field prescription of intensity during water-based exercises in elderly trained women.Keywords: exercise, aging, exercise test, hydrotherapy, oxygen consumption. 

Prescribing and Self-Regulating Heated Water-Based Exercise by Rating of Perceived Exertion in Older Individuals With Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Isabela Roque Marçal ◽  
Bianca Fernandes ◽  
Vanessa Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Renato Lopes Pelaquim ◽  
Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Water Based

We aimed to analyze the usefulness of the 6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous (MICE) aerobic exercise performed in a heated swimming pool (32 °C). Fifteen older individuals (65 ± 3 years) treated for hypertension underwent a symptom-limited maximal graded exercise test to determine their heart rate at anaerobic threshold, and respiratory compensation point. On different days, participants were randomized to HIIE (walking/jogging between 11 and 17 of RPE; 25 min) and MICE (walking at 11–13 of RPE; 30 min). Heart rate during the low-intensity intervals of HIIE and MICE remained below the graded exercise test’s heart rate at anaerobic threshold (−7 ± 18 bpm/−16 ± 15 bpm) and respiratory compensation point (−18 ± 18 bpm/−30 ± 16 bpm), respectively, and maintained in the aerobic training zone during the high-intensity intervals of HIIE (+8 ± 18 bpm/−4 ± 19 bpm). The RPE scale at 15–17 is a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating heated water-based HIIE and may have important implications for water-based exercise in older individuals with hypertension.

scholarly journals Agreement between heart rate at first ventilatory threshold on treadmill and at 6-min walk test in coronary artery disease patients on β-blockers treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Leonardo Calegari ◽  
Igor Moreira ◽  
Andrei Falkowski ◽  
José Basileu Caon Reolão ◽  
Marlus Karsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Β Blockers ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stable Cad ◽  
Acceptable Agreement

The purpose of this study was to verify the accuracy of the agreement between heart rate at the first ventilatory threshold (HRVT1) and heart rate at the end of the 6-min walk test (HR6MWT) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on β-blockers treatment. This was a cross-sectional study with stable CAD patients, which performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill and a 6-min walk test (6MWT) on nonconsecutive days. The accuracy of agreement between HRVT1 and HR6MWT was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (rc), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and standard error of estimate (SEE). Seventeen stable CAD patients on β-blockers treatment (male, 64.7%; age, 61± 10 years) were included in data analysis. The Bland–Altman analysis revealed a negative bias of -0.41 ± 6.4 bpm (95% limits of agreements, -13 to 12.2 bpm) between HRVT1 and HR6MWT. There was acceptable agreement between HRVT1 and HR6MWT (rc = 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.63 to 0.93; study power analysis= 0.79). The MAPE of the HR6MWT was 5.1% and SEE was 6.6 bpm. The ratio HRVT1/HRpeak and HR6MWT/HRpeak from CPET were not significantly different (81%± 5% vs. 81%± 6%, P= 0.85); respectively. There was a high correlation between HRVT1 and HR6MWT (r= 0.85, P< 0.0001). Finally, the results of the present study demonstrate that there was an acceptable agreement between HRVT1 and HR6MWT in CAD patients on β-blockers treatment and suggest that HR6MWT may be useful to prescribe and control aerobic exercise intensity in cardiac rehabilitation programs.

scholarly journals Relationship between Oxygen Uptake, Heart Rate, and Perceived Effort in an Aquatic Incremental Test in Older Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8324
Author(s):  
Luana Siqueira Andrade ◽  
Ana Carolina Kanitz ◽  
Mariana Silva Häfele ◽  
Gustavo Zaccaria Schaun ◽  
Stephanie Santana Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Exercise Environment

Different parameters can be used to control the intensity of aerobic exercises, a choice that should consider the population and exercise environment targeted. Therefore, our study aimed to verify the relationship between oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and cadence during an aquatic incremental test in older women. Nine older women (64.3 ± 4.4 years) engaged in a water-based aerobic training performed an aquatic incremental test using the stationary running exercise (cadence increases of 15 b·min−1 every 2 min) until participants’ volitional exhaustion. VO2, HR, and RPE data were measured, and the percentage of peak VO2 (%VO2peak) and percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax) were calculated. Linear and polynomial regression analyses were performed (α = 0.05). Polynomial regressions revealed the best adjustments for all analyses. Data showed a significant relationship (p < 0.001) between %VO2peak and %HRmax (r = 0.921), %VO2peak and RPE (r = 0.870), and %HRmax and RPE (r = 0.878). Likewise, significant relationships between cadence (p < 0.001) and %VO2peak (r = 0.873), %HRmax (r = 0.874), and RPE (r = 0.910) were also observed. In summary, the physiological, subjective, and mechanical variables investigated were highly associated during an aquatic incremental test to exhaustion in older women. Therefore, these different parameters can be employed to adequately prescribe water-based programs according to preference and availability.

Second Ventilatory Threshold From Heart-Rate Variability: Valid When the Upper Body Is Involved?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Mourot ◽  
Nicolas Fabre ◽  
Aldo Savoldelli ◽  
Federico Schena
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
The One

To determine the most accurate method based on spectral analysis of heart-rate variability (SA-HRV) during an incremental and continuous maximal test involving the upper body, the authors tested 4 different methods to obtain the heart rate (HR) at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2). Sixteen ski mountaineers (mean ± SD; age 25 ± 3 y, height 177 ± 8 cm, mass 69 ± 10 kg) performed a roller-ski test on a treadmill. Respiratory variables and HR were continuously recorded, and the 4 SA-HRV methods were compared with the gas-exchange method through Bland and Altman analyses. The best method was the one based on a time-varying spectral analysis with high frequency ranging from 0.15 Hz to a cutoff point relative to the individual’s respiratory sinus arrhythmia. The HR values were significantly correlated (r2 = .903), with a mean HR difference with the respiratory method of 0.1 ± 3.0 beats/min and low limits of agreements (around –6/+6 beats/min). The 3 other methods led to larger errors and lower agreements (up to 5 beats/min and around –23/+20 beats/min). It is possible to accurately determine VT2 with an HR monitor during an incremental test involving the upper body if the appropriate HRV method is used.

scholarly journals O USO DA ESCALA DE OMNI-RES EM IDOSAS HIPERTENSAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline De Freitas Brito ◽  
Naiane Ferraz Bandeira Alves ◽  
Alessandra Araújo Silva ◽  
Alexandre Sergio Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Resistance Exercises

Escalas de percepção subjetiva de esforço têm sido usadas há bastante tempo para se referir à intensidade de esforço no exercício aeróbio. Somente há pouco tempo foi validada a escala de OMNI-RES para exercício resistido, de modo que sua aplicação em algumas populações ainda é escassa. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da escala de OMNI-RES em mulheres idosas hipertensas. Vinte e uma voluntárias (60.2±3,8 anos, IMC de 28,7±1,2 Kg/m2), realizaram quatro sessões de exercício resistido randomicamente ordenadas. Duas das sessões eram para membros inferiores (MI), com intensidades de 60% e 80% de 15 RM, e as outras duas, para membros superiores (MS), com as mesmas intensidades. As sessões tiveram três séries de 15 repetições e intervalos de 90 segundos. Ao final de cada série, mediu-se a frequência cardíaca e a percepção subjetiva foi referida pelas mulheres. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste de ANOVA two-way. A frequência cardíaca se apresentou significativamente mais elevada nas sessões a 80% de 15RM em relação a 60% de 15RM em todas as séries, tanto de membros superiores quanto de membros inferiores. Nos protocolos para MI, as mulheres referiram pontuações na escala de OMNI-RES sempre significativamente maiores ao final das três séries, com intensidade de 80% em relação a 60% de 15 RM (6,1±0,1 versus 3,7±0,1; 6,1±0,1 versus 3,8±0,2 e 6,1±0,1 versus 3,9±0,2 para as 1ª, 2ª e 3ª séries a 80 e 60% respectivamente). Nos protocolos para MS a pontuação na escala de OMNI-RES foi igualmente maior para os exercícios a 80% de 1RM em todas as séries (6,1±0,1 versus 3,5±0,1; 6,1±0,1 versus 3,5±0,1 e 6,1±0,1 versus 3,6±0,1 para as 1ª, 2ª e 3ª séries a 80 e 60% respectiva  mente). Os valores de pontuação foram equivalentes à classificação de razoavelmente leve e compatível com treino de endurance muscular segundo a escala de OMNI-RES nos exercícios a 60% de 15 RM e razoavelmente pesado e compatível com treinamento de hipertrofia para a intensidade de 80% de 15RM. Concluiu-se que a escala de OMNI-RES representa adequadamente a intensidade adotada em exercícios resistidos com características de Resistência Muscular Localizada (RML) e hipertrofia em mulheres idosas hipertensas. THE USE OF THE OMNI-RES SCALE IN HYPERTENSIVE ELDERLY abstract Scales of perceived exertion have been used for some time to refer to the intensity of effort in an aerobic exercise. Only recently the OMNI-RES scale has been validated for resistance exercise, as a result of that its application in some populations is still scarce. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the OMNI-RES scale in elderly women with hypertension. Twenty one volunteers (60,2 ± 3,8 years, BMI 28,7 ± 1,2 Kg/m2), undertook four sessions of resistance exercise ordered randomly. Two of those sessions were for lower limbs at intensities of 60% and 80% of 15RM, and the other two were for upper limbs with the same intensity. The sessions had 3 sets of 15 repetitions and intervals of 90 seconds. At the end of each series it was measured the heart rate and the subjective perception was reported by the women. For statistical analysis, it was used the two-way ANOVA test. Heart rate was significantly higher in sessions at 80% with 15RM than at 60% with 15RM in all series, both upper limbs and lower limbs. In the protocols for lower limbs, the women always reported significantly higher scores on the OMNI-RES at the end of the three series with an intensity of 80% compared to 60% with 15 RM (6,1 ± 0,1  versus 3,7 ± 0,1; 6,1 ± 0,1 versus 3,8 ± 0,2 and 6,1 ± 0,1 versus 3,9 ± 0,2 for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades 80 and 60% respectively). The values in scores were equivalent to the classification of fairly mild consistent with muscle endurance training according to the OMNI-RES scale on the exercises at 60% with 15 RM and fairly heavy and consistent with hypertrophy training at an intensity of 80% with 15RM. It was concluded that the OMNI-RES scale adequately represented the adopted intensity in resistance exercises with features of RML and hypertrophy in hypertensive elderly women.

scholarly journals A comparison of sessional ratings of perceived exertion to cardiovascular indices of exercise intensity during competition in elite field hockey players

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scott Perrotta ◽  
Darren E. R. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
National Team ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Competition Period

Abstract Study aim: Recent evidence has revealed a reduction in the strength of correlation between ratings of perceived exertion and a heart rate (HR) derived training load in elite field hockey players during competition. These competitive periods involve sustained levels of cardiovascular performance coupled with considerable time performing above the anaerobic threshold. As such, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the magnitude of correlation between ratings of perceived exertion and time spent above threshold and two HR derived training loads.Material and methods: Seventeen (n = 17) international caliber female field hockey players competing as a national team were monitored over four matches during a seven-day competition period within the 2016 Olympic Cycle. Cardiovascular indices of exercise intensity were derived from HR dynamics and were quantified through estimating time spent above anaerobic threshold (LT2), the Edwards training load model (TLED) and the Polar Training Load (TLPOL). Sessional ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE) were recorded after each match.Results: 64 samples were recorded for analysis. HR derived (TLED& TL POL) and sRPE training loads remained comparable between matches. A large correlation (p = 0.01) was observed between sRPE and each heart rate derived training load (TLED& TLPOL). An unremarkable relationship (p = 0.06) was revealed between time spent above LT2 and sRPE.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate HR derived training loads (TLPOL& TLED) exhibit a stronger correlation with sRPE than time spent above LT2 in elite field hockey players during competition.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL GLUCOSE THRESHOLD USING PHARMACY PORTABLE BLOOD GLUCOSE METER

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Nuno Manuel Frade de Sousa ◽  
Aloísio Barbosa da Silva Júnior ◽  
Raquel de Souza Mairink ◽  
Danilo Rodrigues Bertucci ◽  
Markus Vinícius Campos Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Glucose Meter ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Blood Glucose Meter ◽  
Glucose Threshold

ABSTRACT Introduction The individual glucose threshold (IGT) has been used to estimate the anaerobic threshold with low-cost analyses and shorter times. However, the reliability of the glycemic analysis using a portable pharmacy glucose meter has received little attention. Objective To identify the IGT using a portable glucose meter and to compare it with the ventilatory threshold (VT). Methods Fourteen active, healthy men (25.9 ± 3.2 years; %BF = 17.9 ± 3.7%) performed an incremental treadmill test. The anaerobic threshold was identified by two different methods: (1) IGT, corresponding to the intensity of the lowest glucose value during the test; and (2) VT, corresponding to the break in linearity of the ventilation curve and an increase in the respiratory oxygen equivalent, without an equivalent increase in carbon dioxide. Results There were significant differences between VT (9.9 ± 1.2 km/h) and IGT (9.5 ± 1/1 km/h), corresponding to 75.4 ± 9.2 and 72.5 ± 10.4 %VO2max, respectively. The methods presented high correlation (r = 0.82, p = 0.002) and the Bland-Altman technique showed agreement between IGT and VT, with a mean difference of 0.5 km/h. Conclusion It was possible to determine the intensity of IGT by the glycemic response in the incremental test using a portable glucose meter. The IGT underestimated the intensity of VT by approximately 0.5 km/h, but with a high correlation and agreement between them. Level of evidence III, Case-Controle Study.

Association Between Deoxygenated Hemoglobin Breaking Point, Anaerobic Threshold, and Rowing Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109
Author(s):  
Tiago Turnes ◽  
Rafael Penteado dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Alves de Aguiar ◽  
Thiago Loch ◽  
Leonardo Trevisol Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Deoxygenated Hemoglobin

Purpose: To compare the intensity and physiological responses of deoxygenated hemoglobin breaking point ([HHb]BP) and anaerobic threshold (AnT) during an incremental test and to verify their association with 2000-m rowing-ergometer performance in well-trained rowers. Methods: A total of 13 male rowers (mean [SD] age = 24 [11] y and  = 63.7 [6.1] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a step incremental test. Gas exchange, vastus lateralis [HHb], and blood lactate concentration were measured. Power output, , and heart rate of [HHb]BP and AnT were determined and compared with each other. A 2000-m test was performed in another visit. Results: No differences were found between [HHb]BP and AnT in the power output (236 [31] vs 234 [31] W; Δ = 0.7%), 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7%), (4.2 [0.5] vs 4.3 [0.4] L·min−1; Δ = −0.8%, 95% CI 4.0%), or heart rate (180 [16] vs 182 [12] beats·min−1; Δ = −1.6%, 95% CI 2.1%); however, there was high typical error of estimate (TEE) and wide 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for power output (TEE 10.7%, LoA 54.1–50.6 W), (TEE 5.9%, LoA −0.57 to 0.63 L·min−1), and heart rate (TEE 2.4%, LoA −9.6 to 14.7 beats·min−1). Significant correlations were observed between [HHb]BP (r = .70) and AnT (r = .89) with 2000-m mean power. Conclusions: These results demonstrate a breaking point in [HHb] of the vastus lateralis muscle during the incremental test that is capable of distinguishing rowers with different performance levels. However, the high random error would compromise the use of [HHb]BP for training and testing in rowing.

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