scholarly journals Renal function and clinical outcome of patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism randomized to receive apixaban or dalteparin. Results from the Caravaggio trial.

Haematologica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Cecilia Becattini ◽  
Rupert Bauersachs ◽  
Giorgio Maraziti ◽  
Laurent Bertoletti ◽  
Alexander Cohen ◽  
...  

The effect of renal impairment (RI) on risk of bleeding and recurrent thrombosis in cancer patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is undefined. We run a prespecified analysis of the randomized Caravaggio study to evaluate the role of RI as risk factor for bleeding or recurrence in patients treated with dalteparin or apixaban for cancer-associated VTE. RI was graded as moderate (creatinine clearance between 30-59 ml/minute; 275 patients) and mild (between 60-89 ml/minute; 444 patients). In 1142 patients included in this analysis, the incidence of major bleeding was similar in patients with moderate vs. no or mild RI (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.53-2.11), with no difference in the relative safety of apixaban and dalteparin. Recurrent VTE was not different in moderate vs. no or mild RI (HR 0 .67, 95% CI 0.38-1.20); in moderate RI, apixaban reduced recurrent VTE compared to dalteparin (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.96; P for interaction 0.1085). At multivariate analysis, no association was found between variation of renal function over time and major bleeding or recurrent VTE. Advanced or metastatic cancer was the only independent predictor of major bleeding (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.20-6.71), with no effect of treatment with apixaban or dalteparin. In our study in cancer patients treated with apixaban or dalteparin, moderate RI was not associated with major bleeding or recurrent VTE. In patients with moderate renal failure, the safety profile of apixaban was confirmed with the potential for improved efficacy in comparison to dalteparin.

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1433-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frits I. Mulder ◽  
Floris T. M. Bosch ◽  
Annie M. Young ◽  
Andrea Marshall ◽  
Robert D. McBane ◽  
...  

Abstract Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are an emerging treatment option for patients with cancer and acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), but studies have reported inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of DOACs and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) in these patients. MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and conference proceedings were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Additional data were obtained from the original authors to homogenize definitions for all study outcomes. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were recurrent VTE and major bleeding, respectively. Other outcomes included the composite of recurrent VTE and major bleeding, clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB), and all-cause mortality. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated in a random effects meta-analysis. In the primary analysis comprising 2607 patients, the risk of recurrent VTE was nonsignificantly lower with DOACs than with LMWHs (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.39-1.17). Conversely, the risks of major bleeding (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.55-3.35) and CRNMB (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.73-3.64) were nonsignificantly higher. The risk of the composite of recurrent VTE or major bleeding was nonsignificantly lower with DOACs than with LMWHs (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.60-1.23). Mortality was comparable in both groups (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.68-1.36). Findings were consistent during the on-treatment period and in those with incidental VTE. In conclusion, DOACs are an effective treatment option for patients with cancer and acute VTE, although caution is needed in patients at high risk of bleeding.


Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Upadhaya ◽  
Seetharamprasad Madala ◽  
Sunil Badami

Introduction: Patients with cancer are at high risk for recurrent thromboembolic phenomenon. Use of novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in such patients is controversial. We conducted this updated meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled efficacy and safety of NOAC in patients with cancer. Methods: We did systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane library databases for randomized controlled trials comparing NOAC with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for VTE treatment in cancer patients till April 2020. The efficacy outcomes were recurrent VTE and all-cause mortality rates, and the primary safety outcome was incidence of major bleeding rate. Results: Four randomized controlled studies comparing NOAC with LMWH (1446 patients in NOAC group and 1448 patients in LMWH group) were included in our study. Use of NOAC lead to significant reduction in recurrent VTE rate (odds ratio (OR): 0.55 [0.36-0.84], I 2 = 45 %, p value = 0.006) (Figure 1). However, we did not find any significant difference in rate of major bleeding (OR: 1.30 [0.76-2.23], I 2 = 35%, p value = 0.34) (Figure 2) and all-cause mortality (OR: 1 [0.80 - 1.26], I 2 = 33%, p value = 0.98). Conclusions: This updated meta-analysis showed comparatively lower pooled recurrent VTE rate in patient being treated with NOAC, whereas similar rates of major bleeding and all-cause death. NOAC are more efficacious and has similar safety profile compared with LMWH.


2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (07) ◽  
pp. 1128-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Giustozzi ◽  
Giancarlo Agnelli ◽  
Jorge del Toro-Cervera ◽  
Frederikus A. Klok ◽  
Rachel P. Rosovsky ◽  
...  

Abstract Background International guidelines have endorsed the use of edoxaban or rivaroxaban as an alternative to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. Recently, a large randomized controlled trial of apixaban versus dalteparin in patients with cancer was completed. We performed an updated meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus LMWH in patients with cancer-associated VTE. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry) were systematically searched up to March 30, 2020 for randomized controlled trials comparing DOACs versus LMWH for the treatment of VTE in patients with cancer. The two coprimary outcomes were recurrent VTE and major bleeding at 6 months. Data were pooled by the Mantel–Haenszel method and compared by relative risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Four randomized controlled studies (2,894 patients) comparing apixaban, edoxaban, or rivaroxaban with dalteparin were included in the meta-analysis. Recurrent VTE occurred in 75 of 1,446 patients (5.2%) treated with oral factor Xa inhibitors and in 119 of 1,448 patients (8.2%) treated with LMWH (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.43–0.91; I 2, 30%). Major bleeding occurred in 62 (4.3%) and 48 (3.3%) patients receiving oral factor Xa inhibitors or LMWH, respectively (RR 1.31; 95% CI 0.83–2.08; I 2, 23%). Conclusion In patients with cancer-associated VTE, oral factor Xa inhibitors reduced the risk of recurrent VTE without a significantly higher likelihood of major bleeding at 6 months compared with LMWH.


Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 1097-1097
Author(s):  
David Spirk ◽  
Wolfgang Korte ◽  
Marc Husmann ◽  
Beat Frauchiger ◽  
Martin Banyai ◽  
...  

Abstract Abstract 1097 Background: In patients with cancer and acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), current consensus guidelines recommend anticoagulation therapy for an indefinite duration or until the cancer is resolved. Methods and results: Among 1’247 patients with acute VTE enrolled in the Swiss Venous Thromboembolism Registry (SWIVTER) from 18 hospitals, 315 (25%) had cancer of whom 179 (57%) had metastatic disease, 159 (50%) ongoing or recent chemotherapy, and 83 (26%) tumor surgery within 6 months. Patients with cancer were older (66±14 vs. 60±19 years, p<0.001), more often hospitalized at the time of VTE diagnosis (46% vs. 36%, p=0.001), immobile for >3 days (25% vs. 16%, p<0.001), and more often had thrombocytopenia (6% vs. 1%, p<0.001) than patients without cancer. The 30-day rate of VTE-related death or recurrent VTE was 9% in cancer patients vs. 4% in patients without cancer (p<0.001), and the rates of bleeding requiring medical attention were 5% in both groups (p=0.57). Cancer patients received indefinite-duration anticoagulation treatment more often than patients without cancer (47% vs. 19%, p<0.001), and LMWH mono-therapy during the initial 3 months was prescribed to 45% vs. 8%, p<0.001, respectively. Among patients with cancer, prior VTE (OR 4.0, 95%CI 2.0–8.0), metastatic disease (OR 3.0, 95%CI 1.7–5.2), outpatient status at the time of VTE diagnosis (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.9–7.6), and inpatient treatment (OR 4.4, 95%CI 2.1–9.2) were independently associated with the prescription of indefinite-duration anticoagulation treatment. Conclusions: Less than half of the cancer patients with acute VTE received a prescription for indefinite-duration anticoagulation treatment. Recurrent VTE, metastatic cancer, outpatient VTE diagnosis, and VTE requiring hospitalization were associated with an increased use of this strategy. Disclosures: Spirk: sanofi-aventis (suisse) sa: Employment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23156-e23156
Author(s):  
Harry E Fuentes ◽  
Robert McBane ◽  
Waldemar Wysokinski ◽  
Alfonso Javier Tafur ◽  
Charles L. Loprinzi ◽  
...  

e23156 Background: A direct meta-analysis was performed to explore the efficacy and safety of direct oral factor Xa inhibitors with dalteparin in patients with cancer associated acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). Also, the comparative efficacy and safety of apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban was assessed with a network meta-analysis. Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were searched for trials comparing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to dalteparin for the management of cancer associated acute VTE. A network meta-analysis using both frequentist and Bayesian methods was performed to analyze VTE recurrence, major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB). Results: Three randomized control trials, at low risk of bias, enrolled 1,739 patients with cancer associated VTE. Direct comparison showed a lower rate of VTE recurrence in DOAC compared to dalteparin groups (odds Ratio [OR]:0.48, 95% Confidence interval [CI]:0.24-0.96; I2:46%). Indirect comparison suggested that apixaban had greater reduction in VTE recurrence compared to dalteparin (OR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.01–0.82), but not rivaroxaban or edoxaban. Apixaban also had the highest probability of being ranked most effective. By direct comparisons, there was an increased likelihood of major bleeding in the DOAC group compared to dalteparin (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.04–2.78). CRNMB did not differ. Indirect estimates were imprecise. Subgroup analyses in gastrointestinal cancers suggested that dalteparin may have the lowest risk of bleeding whereas estimates in urothelial cancer were imprecise. Conclusions: DOACs appear to lower the risk of VTE recurrence compared to daltaparin while increasing major bleeding. Apixaban may be associated with the lowest risk of VTE recurrence compared to the other DOACs.


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Easaw ◽  
M.A. Shea-Budgell ◽  
C.M.J. Wu ◽  
P.M. Czaykowski ◽  
J. Kassis ◽  
...  

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (vte). Anticoagulation therapy is used to treat vte; however, patients with cancer have unique clinical circumstances that can often make decisions surrounding the administration of therapeutic anticoagulation complicated. No national Canadian guidelines on the management of established cancer-associated thrombosis have been published. We therefore aimed to develop a consensus-based, evidence-informed guideline on the topic.PubMed was searched for clinical trials and meta-analyses published between 2002 and 2013. Reference lists of key articles were hand-searched for additional publications. Content experts from across Canada were assembled to review the evidence and make recommendations.Low molecular weight heparin is the treatment of choice for cancer patients with established vte. Direct oral anticoagulants are not recommended for the treatment of vte at this time. Specific clinical scenarios, including the presence of an indwelling venous catheter, renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia, warrant modifications in the therapeutic administration of anticoagulation therapy. Patients with recurrent vte should receive extended (>3 months) anticoagulant therapy. Incidental vte should generally be treated in the same manner as symptomatic vte. There is no evidence to support the monitoring of anti–factor Xa levels in clinically stable cancer patients receiving prophylactic anticoagulation; however, levels of anti–factor Xa could be checked at baseline and periodically thereafter in patients with renal insufficiency. Follow-up and education about the signs and symptoms of vte are important components of ongoing patient care.


Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 5954-5954
Author(s):  
Dominique Farge

Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major therapeutic concern in cancer patients and the leading cause of death after metastasis. Providing anticoagulant therapy to this patient population is challenging because cancer patients are at increased risk of VTE recurrence and bleeding, and treatment management is often complicated by other co-morbidities that affect choice of anticoagulation. The International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer (ITAC-CME) is a multidisciplinary group of International academic clinicians, researchers, and experts dedicated to reducing the global burden of VTE and its consequences in cancer patients. In 2013, the group published international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of VTE in cancer (1, 2). In collaboration with CME solutions, an accredited CME provider, ITAC-CME developed a mobile web-based application to promote the international implementation of the 2013 guidelines, in English and French (www.itacc-cme.org). Usage of the app has steadily increased every year since its release. ITAC-CME recently revised its consensus recommendations according to a systematic review of the literature up to January 2016. In particular, the ISTH-endorsed updated recommendations provide a guidance on the use of the direct oral anticoagulants based on the current level of evidence (3). ITAC-CME and CME solutions have updated the web-based application to support the 2016 guidelines. The app also includes several new features, including interactive case-based CME learning activities, with pre- and post-activity practice assessments. These pre- and post-test metrics will be documented to record international clinical practice patterns, and monitor the impact of the app on the adoption of the 2016 guidelines into clinical practice worldwide. Translation of the 2016 updated app into additional languages is planned. The application has been submitted for accreditation with the royal College of Physicians and surgeons of Canada, the American Medical Association, the European Union of Medical Specialists, l' Organisme Gestionnaire du Développement Professionnel Continu, and the European Board for Accreditation in Hematology. 1 Debourdeau P, Farge D, Beckers M, Baglin C, Bauersachs RM, Brenner B, Brilhante D, Falanga A, Gerotzafias GT, Haim N, Kakkar AK, Khorana AA, Lecumberri R, Mandala M, Marty M, Monreal M, Mousa SA, Noble S, Pabinger I, Prandoni P, Prins MH, Qari MH, Streiff MB, Syrigos K, Büller HR, Bounameaux H. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis associated with central venous catheters in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Jan;11(1):71-80. 2 Farge D, Debourdeau P, Beckers M, Baglin C, Bauersachs RM, Brenner B, Brilhante D, Falanga A, Gerotzafias GT, Haim N, Kakkar AK, Khorana AA, Lecumberri R, Mandala M, Marty M, Monreal M, Mousa SA, Noble S, Pabinger I, Prandoni P, Prins MH, Qari MH, Streiff MB, Syrigos K, Bounameaux H, Büller HR. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Jan;11(1):56-70 3 Farge D, Bounameaux H , Brenner B, Cajfinger F, Debourdeau P, Khorana AA, Pabinger I, Solymoss S, Douketis J, Kakkar A. 2016 International Clinical Practice Guidelines Including Guidance for the Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer. Lancet Onccology 2016 (in press) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 1268-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Di Nisio ◽  
Suzanne M. Bleker ◽  
Annelise Segers ◽  
Michele F. Mercuri ◽  
Lee Schwocho ◽  
...  

SummaryDirect oral anticoagulants may be effective and safe for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients, but they have not been compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), the current recommended treatment for these patients. The Hokusai VTE-cancer study is a randomised, open-label, clinical trial to evaluate whether edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, is non-inferior to LMWH for treatment of VTE in patients with cancer. We present the rationale and some design features of the study. One such feature is the composite primary outcome of recurrent VTE and major bleeding during a 12-month study period. These two complications occur frequently in cancer patients receiving anticoagulant treatment and have a significant impact. The evaluation beyond six months will fill the current gap in the evidence base for the long-term treatment of these patients. Based on the observation that the risk of recurrent VTE in patients with active cancer is similar to that in those with a history of cancer, the Hokusai VTE-cancer study will enrol patients if whose cancer was diagnosed within the past two years. In addition, patients with incidental VTE are eligible because their risk of recurrent VTE is similar to that in patients with symptomatic disease. The unique design features of the Hokusai VTE-cancer study should lead to enrolment of a broad spectrum of cancer patients with VTE who could benefit from oral anticoagulant treatment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Nakano ◽  
R Imai ◽  
M Yoshida ◽  
S Shimokata ◽  
S Adachi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third frequent acute cardiovascular syndrome in the Europe and Japan. Since direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely used now, the morbidity and mortality of pulmonary embolism (PE) patients especially associated with cancer needs to be re-evaluated. Purpose We evaluated the clinical course of patients with PE mainly treated with DOACs. Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted in a single center. The data were collected from the medical record of consecutive patients who received inpatient treatment of PE. In this study, we have compared PE patients with cancer (cancer PE) to those without cancer (non-cancer PE) and evaluated the mortality, recurrent of VTE and major bleedings. Results In total, 140 patients were enrolled: 94 patients were cancer-related, and 46 patients were without cancer (Table). The type of the tumor in cancer PE patients were as follows: gastric 8 (9%), esophageal 5 (5%), pancreatic 12 (13%), lung 14 (15%), lymphoma 2 (2%), gynecologic 17 (18%), renal 2 (2%), bile duct 8 (9%), colon 12 (13%), and others 17 (18%). Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the cancer PE group (35/94 (37%) vs. 2/46 (4%), P&lt;0.001 (log rank), HR 10.3 [95% CI:2.5–43.3]). The cumulative incidence of recurrent VTE was significantly higher in the cancer PE group (7/94 (7%) vs. 0/46, P=0.03 (log rank)). There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of major bleeding between the cancer PE group and the non-cancer PE group (8/94 (9%) vs. 5/46 (11%)). Conclusions The risk of recurrent VTE was still higher in cancer PE patients compared to non-cancer PE patients, although DOACs were used. Meanwhile the incidence of major bleeding was comparable in both groups, the risk of bleeding might be acceptable with using DOACs especially in cancer PE patients. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Haoyu Wu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Bowen Lou ◽  
Jianqing She

Objective: In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of age, sex, and renal function on the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE).Methods: Electronic databases (accessed till June 2021) were systematically searched to investigate randomized clinical trials evaluating apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban vs. VKAs for the treatment of acute VTE. Results were presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs.Results: Direct oral anticoagulants were associated with a borderline higher efficacy in women (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62–1.02), a significantly higher efficacy in patients with age more than 75 years (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32–0.80), and creatinine clearance &lt;50 ml/min (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32–0.99). The primary safety endpoint of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding was significantly reduced in DOACs as compared to VKAs in both patients with age &lt;75 years (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.89) and patients with age more than 75 years (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.96). DOACs also show an advantage in terms of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding in men (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60–0.86) and patients with creatinine clearance of more than 50 ml/min (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67–0.84).Conclusions: Direct oral anticoagulants have exhibited clinical preference among patients with acute VTE with decreased thrombosis and bleeding events, especially in patients with age more than 75 years and creatinine clearance &lt;50 ml/min.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document