scholarly journals Acute Hepatopancreases Necrosis Diseases (AHPND) as Challenging Threat in Shrimp

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 978-991
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
The Pacific

White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in South East Asia countries. Outbreaks began in cultivated shrimp Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon, and Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei and spread progressively worldwide, although the disease's cause was unknown. In 2011 a case definition for AHPND (as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis diseases) and white fecal syndrome (WFS) were reported. The presence of white feces floating on water and clinical symptoms include pale empty gut region, reduced growth, movable shell, and black discoloration. The pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, with the major shrimp cultivable species globally, is currently in danger by a severe disease- WFS, which causes serious losses worldwide. It has been confirmed that the causative agent of WFS/AHPND is a bacterium that is a pathogen - probably Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This bacterium currently reported has acquired plasmids that encode lethal binary toxins PirA/PirB causing rapid death of infected shrimp. Additionally, this plasmid acquired some virulence factor which is directly related to pathogenicity. Further rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of WFS/AHPND pathogens will promote the production of hatchery and pond maintenance and contribute to the long-term explication of the disease's various aspects.

scholarly journals Biases during DNA extraction affect characterization of the microbiota associated with larvae of the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xue ◽  
Liyou Wu ◽  
Yaoyao He ◽  
Huafang Liang ◽  
Chongqing Wen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Dna Recovery ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Α Diversity

For in-depth characterization of the microbiota associated with shrimp larvae, careful selection of DNA isolation procedure is paramount for avoiding biases introduced in community profiling. Four E.Z.N.A.™ DNA extraction kits, i.e., Bacterial, Mollusc, Stool, and Tissue DNA Kits, abbreviated as Ba, Mo, St, and Ti, respectively, were initially evaluated with zoea 2 (Z2) larvae of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by 16S amplicon sequencing on a Illumina MiSeq platform. Further characterization of additional larval samples, specifically nauplii 5 (N5), mysis 1 (M1), and postlarvae 1 (P1), was performed with Ba and St kits to examine the changing microbiota profile during shrimp hatchery period. The results from the Z2 samples showed that DNA yields from the four kits varied significantly (P< 0.05), whereas no significant differences were detected in the α-diversity metrics of the microbiota. By contrast, the St kit, with the lowest DNA yield and quality, successfully recovered DNA from Gram-positive and gut-associated bacterial groups, whereas the Ba kit, which showed maximal microbiota similarity with the Mo kit, manifested the best reproducibility. Notably, significant differences were observed in relative abundances of most dominant taxa when comparing results from the Ba and St kits on Z2, M1, and P1 samples. In addition, the bacterial community identified shifted markedly with larval development regardless of the DNA extraction kits. The DNA recovery biases arising from the larval microbiota could be due to different protocols for cell lysis and purification. Therefore, combined application of different DNA extraction methods may facilitate identification of some biologically important groups owing to their complementary effects. This approach should receive adequate attention for a thorough understanding of the larvae-associated microbiota of the penaeid shrimp.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Probiotics and Bioflocs on the Production Performance of Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during Polyculture Operation

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
K. Sirisha ◽  
Y. Aparna ◽  
M. Srinivasulu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Shrimp Culture

Shrimp culture has been developed during the last three decades and the production of farmed shrimp reached its peak. However, the shrimp production was decreased all over the World including in Asian Countries because of the mass mortality due to the outbreak of several diseases predominantly White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) which caused extensive economic damage to the shrimp culture industry. Various Polyculture technologies of shrimp with shellfish, finfish or seaweeds have been implemented to reduce economic damages by mass mortality of shrimp. The present study was conducted with Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei through Polyculture operation to determine optimum stocking ratios for induction of best performance and highest production rates. Initially, the experiments were conducted with different ratios and combinations of stocking densities 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 ratios of Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei with control group feed with commercial feed, the other group certain Probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus added in feed, the third group both the Probiotic bacteria and the addition of external Carbon source from sugarcane molasses in the form of Bioflocs for 100 days. To ascertain further interaction of ratios influence, 20:10, 20:12, 20:15 ratios of stocking and Monoculture experiments were conducted. In both the experiments the Survival rate, Final body weights, Weight Gain, Feed conversion ratio, Specific growth rates, Average daily growth rates, Protein efficiency ratio, and Productivity rates were significantly different (P<0.05) in all the different treatments both for P. monodon and L. vannamei. From the results obtained 20:10 ratio of P. monodon and L. vannamei was considered as the best ratio of stocking, which yielded the highest production rates in all the Control, Probiotic added and both Probiotic & Biofloc added groups. The results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrate that the rearing of taxonomically similar species with optimum stocking ratios seems to improve the efficiency of shrimp farming and substantially increasing the production rates. So, this polyculture of P. monodon and L. vannamei can be considered as an alternative approach towards the establishment of sustainable shrimp farming activity which will yield good economic returns.

scholarly journals INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS (IMNV) IN PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei IN INDONESIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taukhid Taukhid ◽  
Yani Lestari Nur’aini
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Export Earning ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
The Pacific

The aquaculture industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly and plays an important role in rural development and export earning. Penaeid shrimp culture in Indonesia has become a leading export earning in fisheries sector. The main constraint encountered with shrimp culture has always been associated with disease outbreaks, especially, caused by viral agents. The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was unofficially introduced to Indonesia in 1999, and officially approved by Indonesian government in 2001. By the end of 2007, the Pacific white shrimp has been cultured in more than 17 provinces. The Taura Syndrome (TS) disease was detected in Indonesia in 2002, and the disease is currently found in at least 10 provinces. The Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) is an emerging disease for L. vannamei in Indonesia, first detected in May-June 2006, causing significant mortalities in grow-out ponds. The IMN is characterized by an acute onset of gross signs: focal to extensive whitish necrotic areas in the striated muscle, especially on the distal abdominal segments and tail fan. White necrotic areas become reddened similar to the color of cooked shrimp. The outbreak resulted in elevated mortalities was initially associated with a chronic course of persistent low level mortalities. Up to date, IMN was detected in East Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara provinces. This paper is a brief review of the epidemiological study of IMN disease of Pacific white shrimp in Indonesia: the status of outbreaks, surveillance, and disease diagnosis, and control measures.

Partial replacement of fish meal with peanut meal in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-he Liu ◽  
Ji-dan Ye ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Jiang-hong Kong ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of a Vibrio harveyi Strain Associated with Vibriosis in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emille Moreno ◽  
Marci Parks ◽  
Lee J. Pinnell ◽  
James J. Tallman ◽  
Jeffrey W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies

ABSTRACT Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with vibriosis in penaeid shrimp. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a V. harveyi strain isolated from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during a vibriosis outbreak. The availability of this genome will aid future studies of vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture.

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