scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and elevated CO2 on dry matter production and yield of rice cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
MA Hamid ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
ARM Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Growing Conditions

A pot experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the year 2003 to find out the dry matter production and yield of rice cultivars under different nitrogen levels and growing conditions. Thirty-day old single seedlings were transplanted in pot and were placed in 3 growing conditions, such as i) Open top chamber (OTC) with elevated CO2 (570 ± 50 ppm), ii) OTC with ambient CO2 (360 ± 50 ppm), and iii) open field condition. The three nitrogen levels used were, i) control, ii) optimum dose, and iii) supra optimum dose. Three rice cultivars used in the experiment were, i) BRRI dhan 39, ii) Khashkani, and iii) Shakkarkhora. Rice yield and dry matter production respond significantly to different environments. Increasing atmospheric CO2 increased grain yield. Stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf sheath dry weight and root dry weight were increased in elevated CO2 than ambient CO2 and field condition. BRRI dhan 39 gave highest yield (50.82 g/plant) at supra optimum N level in elevated CO2. Local variety gave similar result under elevated CO2 in optimum and supra optimum N levels. The lowest yield (15.09 g/plant) was produced by Shakkorkhora in field condition with no nitrogen application. Key Words: Nitrogen; elevated CO2; yield; dry matter.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5804Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 313-322, June 2009

Seedling growth of summer-dormant and non-dormant ryegrasses in relation to temperature

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Matter Production

Lolium rigidum Gaud. and a summer-dormant and a non-dormant form of Lolium perenne L. were grown as seedling plants for 32 days in controlled environment cabinets at constant temperatures of either 10, 20, or 30°C and in all cases with a 16-hr photoperiod at a light intensity of 3600 lm ft-2. Sampling at 4-day intervals permitted the detailed examination of dry matter growth curves. Differences in total dry matter production were related to initial differences in seedling dry weight, and the general responses to temperature were similar for each ryegrass. Total dry matter production was greatest at 20°C and lowest at 10°. A temperature of 30° did not induce dormancy in the summer-dormant ryegrass but did depress growth. Relative growth rate fell with time at each temperature.

The growth of lodgepole pine seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches at five seedbed densities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Foliage Weight

The components of shoot growth and dry matter production in 1 + 0 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. spp. contorta) seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches for 12 weeks at five seedbed densities (180–720 plants/m2) were studied. The greater plant height found at the highest seedbed density was the result of increased stem unit length, not increased number of stem units. The increase in plant dry weight as seedbed density decreased was largely due to greater dry weight of roots, branchwood, and branch foliage, and not to increases in stemwood and stem foliage weight. Seedbed densities of less than 460 seedlings/m2 are required to produce yields of suitably sturdy seedlings in excess of 50% of the crop.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Absorption of Japonica-Indica Hybrid Rice Cultivars Grown under Upland Conditions.

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu WADA ◽  
San-Iku YUN ◽  
Hiroki SASAKI ◽  
Tadanobu MAEDA ◽  
Kunio MIURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Upland Conditions ◽  
Indica Hybrid Rice

Changes in growth rate and morphology of perennial ryegrass swards at high and low nitrogen levels

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Davies
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Time Of Year

SummaryThe nitrogen requirements for maximum production of perennial ryegrass swards in August/September were shown to be of the order of 4 kg N/ha/day. Further increases above this level had no appreciable effect on dry-matter production, leaf area or light intercepted, but maximum tiller numbers were considerably enhanced. Shortage of nitrogenous fertilizer had comparatively little effect on crop growth rate in the early stages of regrowth, but thereafter caused the rate to fall increasingly short of potential. At high fertilizer levels crop growth rate based on total above-ground parts was linearly related to percentage light intercepted in the first month after defoliation, but values subsequently became erratic and at times negative. This change in crop growth rate and the resulting halt in effective net dry-matter production could be associated with the overall pattern of leaf and tiller formation and death, maximum net yield being achieved at the point in time when three new leaves had been produced on each tiller since cutting. It is concluded that in August and September worth-while increases in harvestable net dry matter are unlikely to occur after this stage has been reached, and that managements based on the maintenance of a complete crop cover are not likely to be successful at this time of year.

The growth and performance of cotton in a desert environment: II. Dry matter production

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sink Size ◽  
And Performance

SUMMARYVariety, water and spacing were treatments in two experiments with cotton in 1963 and 1964 in which fruiting points, flowers and bolls were counted and the dry weights and leaf areas of plants were measured at intervals during the season.Until leaf-area index, L, started to decrease, the equation described how dry weight, W, changed. The equation gave smoothed estimates of crop growth rate, C, which were consistent with estimates of photosynthesis made with de Wit's (1965) model. The relationship between G and L conformed to , derived from Beer's Law, rather than C = aL — bL2 derived from the linear regression of E on L. When L > 3 the crop appeared to use most of the available light, so that C approached a maximum. Treatments initially affected dry-matter production through the numbers and types of branches and nodes, which in turn affected the sinks available and thus the proportion of dry matter reinvested in new leaf. This initial period, when growth was simple to describe in conventional terms, was denned as the vegetative phase of growth.The start of the reproductive phase of growth overlapped the vegetative phase. The change from one to the other was completed when the rate of dry weight increase of the bolls, CB, equalled C. This indicated that the sink formed by the bolls had increased sufficiently in size to use all the assimilates available for growth. Sink size increased as the crop flowered and was estimated from the product of the number of bolls and the growth rate of a single boll.When CB equalled C, bolls were shed which prevented the size of the sink to increase beyond the ability of the plant to supply it with assimilates. This agrees with Mason's nutritional theory of boll shedding. Because of the crop's morphology and because age decreased the photosynthesis of the crop, the size of the sink inevitably increased out of phase with the supply of assimilates. The extent to which this was so determined when CB equalled C. It is postulated that environment, genotype and agronomic practice affect yield according to whether they increase or decrease the extent to which the sink size and the supply of assimilates are out of phase.

scholarly journals Modelling growth and nitrogen balance of barley under ambient and future conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Kleemola ◽  
Tuomo Karvonen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Matter Production

According to current scenarios, atmospheric CO2 -concentration ([CO2]) and average air temperature will rise in the future. The predicted longer growing season in Finland would imply that more productive cultivars and even new crop species could be grown. Moreover, higher [CO2] is also likely to increase dry matter production of crops. This study analyzed the growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under ambient and suggested future conditions, and its response to N fertilization. Model simulations of soil temperature and of snow accumulation and melting were also studied. The calibration and validation results showed that the model performed well in simulating snow dynamics, soil temperature, the growth of barley, and the response of crop growth to N fertilization under present conditions. According to the simulation runs, if a cultivar was adapted to the length of the growing period, the increase in dry matter production was 23% in a low estimate scenario of climate change, and 56% in a high estimate scenario under a high level of nitrogen fertilization. The simulation study showed that the shoot dry weight increased by 43%, on average, under high N fertilization (150-200 kg N/ha), but by less (20%) under a low level of N (25-50 kg N/ha) when the conditions under a central scenario for the year 2050 were compared with the present ones.

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