scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Alkylation of o-Cresol with Cyclohexanol

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Shams Tania Afroza Islam ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Nashid Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Factor Interaction ◽  
Three Factor

A mathematical model was developed for the alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexanol in the presence of perchloric acid as a catalyst. A set of trials was planned according to a 3 factor 2-level Yates pattern experimental design. The variables chosen for the study were temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexanol and amount of perchloric acid. The critical response was the yield of cyclohexyl o-cresol. Main effects as well as two-and three-factor interaction effects were statistically significant. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up. The highest experimentally found yield was 89.3% while the estimated yield was found to be 89.09%. The experimentally settings were temperature, 140O C; molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexanol, 6:1; amount of catalyst, 5% by wt. of o-cresol; addition time, 2 h; stirring time, 1 h. Keywords: o-Cresol, Cyclohexanol, Experimental design, Alkylation. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3669 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 181-186, 2009

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Alkylation of Phenol with Octanol-1

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Md Kabir Hossain ◽  
Md Ashaduzzaman ◽  
Dipti Saha ◽  
Shams Tania Afroza Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Factor Interaction ◽  
Three Factor

A 3-factor 2-level Yates pattern experimental design was used to develop a mathematical model for the alkylation of phenol with octanol-1 in the presence of sulphuric acid. A set of trials was planned with two replicates and the centre point trial with 4 replicates. Main effects as well as two- and three- factor interaction effects were statistically significant. The highest experimental yield was 79.5%. The experimental settings were temperature, 160ºC; molar ratio of phenol to octanol-1, 10:1; amount of 94% sulphuric acid, 8% by wt. of phenol; addition time, 2h and stirring time, 2h. Adequacy of the suggested model was checked. The difference between the experimental and estimated yield was negligible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10339  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 65-70 2012 (January)

scholarly journals Alkylation of Ethylbenzene with Cyclohexylchloride: A Statistical Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Prashanta Chakravarty ◽  
Dipti Saha ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Mahmud Hasan Tareque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Main Effects

A mathematical model was developed for the alkylation of ethylbenzene with cyclohexyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride as a catalyst using the Yates Pattern experimental design. The variables chosen for the study were temperature, molar ratio of ethylbenzene to cyclohexyl choloride and amount of anhydrous aluminium chloride. The critical response was the yield of cyclohexylethylbenzene. Main effects as well as interaction effect of molar ratio of ethylbenzene to cyclohexyl chloride and amount of catalyst were statistically significant. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10340  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 71-76 2012 (January)

scholarly journals Application of Statistical Experimental Design to Benzylation of p-Chlorophenol

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams Tania Afroza Islam ◽  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Dipti Saha ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Mirza Galib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Factor Interaction

A 23 Yates pattern experimental design was used to develop a mathematical model for the benzylation of p-chlorophenol with benzyl alcohol in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst. A set of trials was planned with two replicates and the centre point trial with 4 replicates according to the design. The critical response was the yield of 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol. Main effects as well as two- and three- factor interaction effects were statistically significant. The highest experimental yield was 91.6%. The experimental settings were 130°C, molar ratio of p-chlorophenol to benzyl alcohol 4:1, amount of 60% perchloric acid 5% by wt. of p-chlorophenol, addition time 2 h and stirring time 1 h. The difference between the experimental and predicted yields did not exceed 0.04%.Key words: p-Chlorophenol; Benzyl alcohol; Perchloric acid; 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol; Experimental design DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5706Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 105-110, 2010

scholarly journals Application of plackett-burman design to benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
M Shahruzzaman ◽  
D Saha ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MS Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Anhydrous Alcl3 ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Plackett Burman Design ◽  
Factor Interaction

Plackett-Burman design was employed to study the reaction of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride as catalyst for screening variables. The variables chosen for the investigation were temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to benzyl alcohol, amount of anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol), addition time (ta h), stirring time (ts h), stirring speed (rpm). Among these variables temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to benzyl alcohol and amount of anhydrous AlCl3 were found to be important. A set of trials was planned according to a 3 factor 2-level Yates pattern experimental design with 2 replicates and the center point trial with 4 replicates. The critical response was the yield of benzyl o-cresol. Main effects as well as two- and three- factor interaction effects were statistically significant. A polynomial model was developed and the adequacy of the suggested model was checked up.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 169-180, 2015

scholarly journals Application of a Mathematical Model by Means of Experimental Design to Alkylation of o-Cresol with Cyclohexene

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamruzzaman ◽  
Ashequl Alam Rana ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Manoranjan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Reaction Conditions

Alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexene in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst was studied statistically with a three-factored experimental design. Factorial design was employed to study the effects of single factors and the effects of their interactions on the yield of alkylation. Reaction temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexene and amount of perchloric acid were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model was derived to calculate the predicted yield of alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexene in the presence of perchloric acid under certain reaction conditions and cyclohexyl o-cresol was obtained in high yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values did not exceed 1.52%. An optimum yield (89.5%) of the product was obtained under the reaction conditions of a temperature of 140º C; a 6:1 molar ratio of ocresol to cyclohexene and a 5% by weight perchloric acid of o-cresol.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10342  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 79-85 2012 (January)

scholarly journals Catalytic Benzylation of o-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol: A Mathematical Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
AA Rana ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
M Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Suggested Model

Benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol (Bz-OH) in presence of 94% H2SO4 as catalyst was studied statistically with a two-levels threefactored   experimental design to study the effects of single factor and effects of their interactions on the yield of benzylated product. Reaction   temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to Bz-OH and amount of 94% H2SO4 were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model   was derived to calculate the predicted yield of benzyl o-cresol as y = 0.419T+12.4055m+16.17w-0.0525Tm-2.606mw-   0.094Tw+0.0175Tmw-6.25; where, T = temperature (oC), m = o-cresol to Bz-OH molar ratio, w = amount of catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol)   and y = yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values   did not exceed ± 0.79%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10727 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 137-142, 2012

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Mathematical Model for Digital Image Enhancement

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Hassem Geha ◽  
Ibrahim Nasseh ◽  
Marcel Noujeim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digital Image Enhancement ◽  
Factor Interaction ◽  
Three Factor

Objective : The purpose of this study is to compare the detected number of holes on a stepwedge on images resulting from the application of the 5th degree polynomial model compared to the images resulting from the application of linear enhancement. Material and Methods : A 10-step aluminum step wedge with holes randomly drilled on each step was exposed with three different kVp and five exposure times per kVp on a Schick33® sensor. The images were enhanced by brightness/contrast adjustment, histogram equalization and with the 5th degree polynomial model and compared to the original non-enhanced images by six observers in two separate readings. Results : There was no significant difference between the readers and between the first and second reading. There was a significant three-factor interaction among Method, Exposure time, and kVp in detecting holes. The overall pattern was: “Poly” results in the highest counts, “Original” in the lowest counts, with “B/C” and “Equalized” intermediate. Conclusion : The 5th degree polynomial model showed more holes when compared to the other modalities.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Benzylation of p-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
M Ismail ◽  
MS Jamal ◽  
STA Islam ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
High Yield

The reaction of p-cresol with benzyl alcohol in the presence of perchloric acid produces only 2-benzyl-4-methylphenol in high yield. A mathematical model has been developed for the process by Yates pattern experimental design. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(2), 187-194, 2007

scholarly journals A calculation model for liquid-liquid extraction of protactinium by 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Knight ◽  
Eric S. Eitrheim ◽  
Andrew W. Nelson ◽  
Michael K. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Fissile Material ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Solution Acidity

Abstract Reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel usually employs the solvent extraction technique to recover fissile material, isolate other valuable radionuclides, recover precious metals, and remove contaminants. Efficient recovery of these species from highly radioactive solutions requires a detailed understanding of reaction conditions and metal speciation that leads to their isolation in pure forms. Due to the complex nature of these systems, identification of ideal reaction conditions for the efficient extraction of specific metals can be challenging. Thus, the development of experimental approaches that have the potential to reduce the number of experiments required to identify ideal conditions are desirable. In this study, a full-factorial experimental design was used to identify the main effects and variable interactions of three chemical parameters on the extraction of protactinium (Pa). Specifically we investigated the main effects of the anion concentration (NO3-, Cl-) extractant concentration, and solution acidity on the overall extraction of protactinium by 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol (diisobutylcarbinol; DIBC) from both HCl and HNO3 solutions. Our results indicate that in HCl, the extraction of protactinium was dominated by the solution acidity, while in nitric acid the extraction was strongly effected by the [DIBC]. Based on our results, a mathematical model was derived, that describes the relationship between concentrations of anions, extractant, and solution acidity and the expected values of Pa distribution coefficients in both HCl and HNO3. This study demonstrates the potential to predict the distribution coefficient values, based upon a mathematical model generated by a full-factorial experimental design.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Cyclohexylcresols by Alkylation of Cresols with Cyclohexanol in the Presence of Perchloric Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ashaduzzaman ◽  
A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury ◽  
Manoranjan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Time Of Reaction

Cyclohexylcresols were synthesized in high yield by the alkylation of cresols with cyclohexanol in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst. The effects of the variation of temperature, molar ratio of cresol to cyclohexanol, time of reaction and amount of catalyst on the reactions were also extensively studied. The products were confirmed by spectral means and physicochemical constants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11503 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 195-198, 2012 (July)

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