scholarly journals Application of a Mathematical Model by Means of Experimental Design to Alkylation of o-Cresol with Cyclohexene

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamruzzaman ◽  
Ashequl Alam Rana ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Manoranjan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Reaction Conditions

Alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexene in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst was studied statistically with a three-factored experimental design. Factorial design was employed to study the effects of single factors and the effects of their interactions on the yield of alkylation. Reaction temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexene and amount of perchloric acid were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model was derived to calculate the predicted yield of alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexene in the presence of perchloric acid under certain reaction conditions and cyclohexyl o-cresol was obtained in high yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values did not exceed 1.52%. An optimum yield (89.5%) of the product was obtained under the reaction conditions of a temperature of 140º C; a 6:1 molar ratio of ocresol to cyclohexene and a 5% by weight perchloric acid of o-cresol.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10342  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 79-85 2012 (January)

scholarly journals Catalytic Benzylation of o-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol: A Mathematical Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
AA Rana ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
M Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Suggested Model

Benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol (Bz-OH) in presence of 94% H2SO4 as catalyst was studied statistically with a two-levels threefactored   experimental design to study the effects of single factor and effects of their interactions on the yield of benzylated product. Reaction   temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to Bz-OH and amount of 94% H2SO4 were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model   was derived to calculate the predicted yield of benzyl o-cresol as y = 0.419T+12.4055m+16.17w-0.0525Tm-2.606mw-   0.094Tw+0.0175Tmw-6.25; where, T = temperature (oC), m = o-cresol to Bz-OH molar ratio, w = amount of catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol)   and y = yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values   did not exceed ± 0.79%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10727 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 137-142, 2012

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Alkylation of o-Cresol with Cyclohexanol

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Shams Tania Afroza Islam ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Nashid Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Factor Interaction ◽  
Three Factor

A mathematical model was developed for the alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexanol in the presence of perchloric acid as a catalyst. A set of trials was planned according to a 3 factor 2-level Yates pattern experimental design. The variables chosen for the study were temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexanol and amount of perchloric acid. The critical response was the yield of cyclohexyl o-cresol. Main effects as well as two-and three-factor interaction effects were statistically significant. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up. The highest experimentally found yield was 89.3% while the estimated yield was found to be 89.09%. The experimentally settings were temperature, 140O C; molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexanol, 6:1; amount of catalyst, 5% by wt. of o-cresol; addition time, 2 h; stirring time, 1 h. Keywords: o-Cresol, Cyclohexanol, Experimental design, Alkylation. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3669 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 181-186, 2009

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Benzylation of p-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
M Ismail ◽  
MS Jamal ◽  
STA Islam ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
High Yield

The reaction of p-cresol with benzyl alcohol in the presence of perchloric acid produces only 2-benzyl-4-methylphenol in high yield. A mathematical model has been developed for the process by Yates pattern experimental design. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(2), 187-194, 2007

scholarly journals Alkylation of Ethylbenzene with Cyclohexylchloride: A Statistical Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Prashanta Chakravarty ◽  
Dipti Saha ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Mahmud Hasan Tareque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Main Effects

A mathematical model was developed for the alkylation of ethylbenzene with cyclohexyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride as a catalyst using the Yates Pattern experimental design. The variables chosen for the study were temperature, molar ratio of ethylbenzene to cyclohexyl choloride and amount of anhydrous aluminium chloride. The critical response was the yield of cyclohexylethylbenzene. Main effects as well as interaction effect of molar ratio of ethylbenzene to cyclohexyl chloride and amount of catalyst were statistically significant. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10340  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 71-76 2012 (January)

scholarly journals Optimization of process conditions for catalytic alkylation of isomeric cresols with cyclohexene

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamruzzaman ◽  
Ashequl Alam Rana ◽  
Manoranjan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Catalytic Alkylation ◽  
Time Of Reaction

Alkylation of isomeric cresols with cyclohexene in presence of perchloric acid as catalyst was studied and cyclohexyl cresols obtained in high yield. The effects of the variation of reaction parameters such as temperature, molar ratio of cresol to cyclohexene, amount of perchloric acid and time of reaction were investigated. The yield of the products increased with the increase of each of the above-mentioned parameters. Optimum yield (97.6% for cyclohexyl m-cresol; 95.4% for 2-cyclohexyl-4-methylphenol and 91.2% for cyclohexyl o-cresol) of the products were obtained under the reaction conditions of a temperature of 140ºC; an 8-6:1 molar ratio of cresol to cyclohexene, a 5% by weight perchloric acid of cresol, a 2 h time of addition of cyclohexene and a 2 h time of stirring of the reaction mixture. Considering the yields of cyclohexyl cresols and ease of purifications, the above mentioned conditions were accounted as optimum for the alkylation of isomeric cresols with cyclohexene in the presence of perchloric acid.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11446   Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 153-160, 2012  

scholarly journals Synthesis of Cyclohexylcresols by Alkylation of Cresols with Cyclohexanol in the Presence of Perchloric Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ashaduzzaman ◽  
A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury ◽  
Manoranjan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Time Of Reaction

Cyclohexylcresols were synthesized in high yield by the alkylation of cresols with cyclohexanol in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst. The effects of the variation of temperature, molar ratio of cresol to cyclohexanol, time of reaction and amount of catalyst on the reactions were also extensively studied. The products were confirmed by spectral means and physicochemical constants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11503 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 195-198, 2012 (July)

Partition mechanism of adsorption and the absence of displacement phenomena in the zonal analytical chromatography of proteins on bead 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl-cellulose

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2375-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gemeiner ◽  
Eva Hrabárová ◽  
Magdaléna Zacharová ◽  
Albert Breier ◽  
Milan J. Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Bead Cellulose ◽  
To Come

Hydrophobization of bead cellulose is described, carried out by its alkylation with 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane under the conditions of acid (perchloric acid, borontrifluoride diethyl etherate) and basic (sodium hydroxide) catalysis. Reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of reactants) have been determined, allowing the hydrophobization of bead cellulose to be carried out to the largest possible extent while maintaining its spherical shape. The nonstoichiometric mechanism suggested for the adsorption of amphiphilic adsorptives on bead 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl-cellulose (HPP-C) was checked by means of adsorption of six proteins. It was found that the surface of the hydrophobic segment of the adsorbent must be sufficiently large to be able to come in touch with the hydrophobic region of the protein through its multiple residues. In such cases the partitioning of the protein between the hydrophobic segment present as a liquid-like film and the surrounding solution becomes the predominant step of the adsorption. This adsorption mechanism is also reflected in zonal chromatography on bead HPP-C, as no displacement phenomena could be observed in any of the six proteins used. Retention of these proteins has been affected to a decisive extent by the degree of hydrophobization of HPP-C.

Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Cassia Tora Gum

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Ying Li ◽  
Chun Mei Niu ◽  
Hua Yu Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Dispersing Agent

Series of cationic cassia tora gum (CCTG) were synthesized using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as cationic etherifying agent, isopropanol-water solution as dispersing agent, in presence of sodium hydroxide under different reaction conditions. The optimum ratio for preparing the cationic cassia tora gum are that CHPTAC-CTG molar ratio is 0.6:1; NaOH-CHPTAC molar ratio is 1.3:1.The optimum conditions are that reaction temperature is 55°Cand reaction time is 3.5 h. The cold water solubility was improved apparently. The solution transmittance has corresponding relationship with the nitrogen content (N%) in the certain range, and the maximum transmittance is up to 87.2%. N% increased with the increase of reaction time and stable N% can be obtained in shorter reaction time at higher reaction temperature. The products were characterized by 13C-NMR. The heat resistance of CTG and CCTG were analyzed.

The Synthesis of High Yield Diglycerin Borate

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Guo Zheng ◽  
Jian Jie Ai ◽  
Xue Jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reaction Pressure

High yield diglycerin borate(DGB) have been synthesized by the raw materials glycerol and boric acid in this paper. The structure of the products was characterized by FTIR and11B NMR. The yield of the products was discussed by reaction conditions that were material ratio, reaction temperature, reaction pressure etc. and then the optimum process conditions of preparing DGB was decided. In this condition, high yield DGB can be prepared which could reach more than 96%.

Improve the Temperature Resistance of Guar Gum by Silanization

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Optimized Conditions

For gelating agent in hydraulic fracturing fluid, the temperature resistance is required. To improve the temperature resistance of Guar gum (GG), it was modified by silanization. The reaction conditions were investigated, and the optimized conditions were as following: the reaction temperature of 85°C, 5: 1 molar ratio of guar gum to TMS-Cl and 4-6 h of reaction time. The viscosity of silanized guar gum (SGG) aqueous gel was greatly improved even high temperature at 80°C.

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