scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Amaranthus dubius mart.ex thell and Gomphrena globosa L .

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
C Hemavani ◽  
B Thippeswamy
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are found associated with more than 80% of the plants. But most of the studies show that Amaranthaceae is non mycorrhizal. The present study states the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal association with Amaranthus dubius Mart ex Thell and Gomphrena globosa L which belong to Amaranthaceae. The plants were screened for the examination of presence of arbuscules, vesicles in the roots and spores in the rhizosphere soil which help to know that mycorrhiza is associated with Amaranthaceae species. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18857 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(1), 59-62, 2014

Grazing intensity rather than host plant’s palatability shape the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a steppe grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maede Faghihinia ◽  
Yi Zou ◽  
Yongfei Bai ◽  
Martin Dudáš ◽  
Rob Marrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Steppe Grassland

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the predominant type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and rhizosphere soil of grass species worldwide. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressure, but it is not yet clear how grazing intensity and host plant grazing preference by large herbivores interact with soil- and root-associated AMF communities. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community composition of AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant perennial grasses grazed differently by livestock change in response to grazing intensity. We conducted a study in a long-term field experiment in which seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities were maintained for 13 years in a typical steppe grassland in northern China. We extracted DNA from the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinense (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn, with contrasting grazing preference by sheep. AMF DNA from root and soil samples were then subjected to molecular analysis. Our results showed that AMF α-diversity (richness) at the virtual taxa (VT) level varied as a function of grazing intensity. Different VTs showed completely different responses along the gradient, one increasing, one decreasing and others showing no response. Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family along the grazing gradient, which fits well with the theory of disturbance tolerance of this group. In addition, sheep grazing preference for host plants did not explain a considerable variation in AMF α-diversity. However, the two grass species exhibited different community composition in their roots and rhizosphere soils. Roots exhibited a lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity within the AMF community than soils. Overall, our results suggest that long-term grazing intensity might have changed the abundance of functionally-diverse AMF taxa in favor of those with disturbance-tolerant traits. We suggest our results would be useful in informing the choice of mycorrhizal fungi indicator variables when assessing the impacts of grassland management choices on grassland ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Root Growth and Architecture of Tulip Gesneriana

Land Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p60
Author(s):  
Hongna Mu ◽  
Lei Fan ◽  
Shaohua Zhu ◽  
Taoze Sun
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Host Root ◽  
Ecological Values

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) can promote the absorption of soil water and mineral nutrients, improve photosynthesis, and make host attain higher quality finally by establishing symbiotic relationship between AMF and host root. To improve Tulip gesneriana quality have practical meaning under no bad affect to cultivation soil, in the light of its economical and ecological values. However, some AMF may be diverse from others, the concrete function of AMF on commercial tulip varieties need to explore. Therefore, three different sets of  arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated into tulip rhizosphere soil, which were set as 4(Diversispora versiformis), 7(Diversispora spurca) and 1 + 3 + 4 (Rhizophagus intraradias + Funneliformis mosseae + Diversispora versiformis), respectively. The results showed that the activity of most of the measured indices increased, the average root diameter and sucrose content decreased in those three mycorrhizal treatments. Our research provide some theoretical basis for the application of AMF on T.gesneriana ecological cultivation in future.

scholarly journals Symbiotic association between golden berry (Physalis peruviana) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in heavy metal-contaminated soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieta Hristozkova ◽  
Maria Geneva ◽  
Ira Stancheva ◽  
Ivan Iliev ◽  
Concepción Azcón-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

AbstractPhysalis peruvianais one of the most promising tropical fruit plants because of its rapid growth, high yield, and nutritional quality. This study was designed to investigate plant development under heavy metal contamination (Cd, Pb) and responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization byRhizophagus clarumandClaroideoglomus claroideum. The antioxidant capacity, total lipid content and fatty acid profile in fruits, accumulation of Cd and Pb in different plant parts, plant dry biomass, and mycorrhizal colonization were determined. As a result of inoculation, a considerable reduction in Cd and Pb in the fruits was observed, compared with non-inoculated plants. The fruit number and dry weight increased in plants associated withC. claroideum.These plants also showed higher acid phosphatase activity, root protein accumulation and glomalin production. The type of antioxidant defense was AMF strain-dependent. Antioxidant activity and H2O2neutralization were enzymatic rather than non-enzymatic processes in the fruits ofC. claroideumplants compared with those forming an association withR. clarum. Mycorrhizal establishment changed the composition and concentration of fruits’ fatty acids. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids was increased. With respect to the accumulation of bioactive compounds in golden berry the present findings are important for obtaining the optimum benefits of mycorrhizal association under unfavorable conditions.

scholarly journals Arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae in agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania.II. Distribution of arbuscular fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Anna Iwaniuk ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Sample ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
North Western

This part of the two-part paper of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota of agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania, north-western Poland, presents the distribution of 26 species of these fungi in both the sites considered in this study and cultivated soils of other regions of Poland and the world investigated previously. The fungi were isolated from both field-collected rhizosphere soil and root mixtures and trap cultures established from each field sample and seeded with three species of plant hosts. Among the fungal species characterized, 18 are of the genus <i>Glomus</i>, one each of the genera <i>Archaeospora, Entrophospora</i> and <i>Paraglomus</i> and three and two of the genera <i>Acaulospora</i> and <i>Scutellospora</i>, respectively.

scholarly journals Differential responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities to long-term fertilization in the wheat rhizosphere and root endosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Ma ◽  
Huanchao Zhang ◽  
Daozhong Wang ◽  
Xisheng Guo ◽  
Teng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide essential nutrients to crops and are critically impacted by fertilization in agricultural ecosystems. Understanding shifts in AMF communities in and around crop roots under different fertilization regimes can provide important lessons for improving agricultural production and sustainability. Here, we compared the responses of AMF communities in the rhizosphere (RS) and root endosphere (ES) of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) to different fertilization treatments: Non-fertilization (Control), mineral fertilization only (NPK), mineral fertilization plus wheat straw (NPKS), and mineral fertilization plus cow manure (NPKM). We employed high-throughput amplicon sequencing and investigated the diversity, community composition, and network structure of AMF communities to assess their responses to fertilization. Our results elucidated that AMF communities in the RS and ES respond differently to fertilization schemes. Long-term NPK application decreased the RS AMF alpha diversity significantly, whereas additional organic amendments (straw or manure) had no effect. Contrastingly, NPK fertilization increased the ES AMF alpha diversity significantly, while additional organic amendments decreased it significantly. The effect of different fertilization schemes on AMF network complexity in the RS and ES were similar to their effects on alpha diversity. Changes to AMF communities in the RS and ES correlated mainly with the pH and phosphorus level of the rhizosphere soil under long-term inorganic and organic fertilization regimes. We suggest that the AMF community in the roots should be given more consideration when studying the effects of fertilization regimes on AMF in agroecosystems. Importance Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an integral component of rhizospheres, bridging the soil and plant systems and are highly sensitive to fertilization. However, surprisingly little is known about how the response differs between the roots and the surrounding soil. Decreasing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity under fertilization has been reported, implying a potential reduction in the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, we found opposing responses to long-term fertilization managements of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the wheat roots and rhizosphere soil. These results suggested that changes in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in soils do not reflect those in the roots, highlighting that the root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community is pertinent to understand arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their crop hosts’ responses to anthropogenic influences.

scholarly journals ARBUSCULAR MICORRHIZAL FUNGI ASSOCIATION IN TWO COFFEE FARMS WITH DIFFERENT CULTIVATION AT LAM DONG

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1A) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dang Hoang Quyen
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have an important role in agriculture because of the benefits on plant and ecosystem. However, mycorrhizal association is affected by many factors such as vegetation and farming conditions. In this study, AMF system on soil and roots of coffee were investigated from two coffee farms with different cultivation method in Lam Dong Province, one was not applied fertilizer in 4 years and the other was conventional. The density, the type of mycorrhizal spore and fungal infection rate on coffee roots are different between two coffee farms. Based on morphology, there are 119 types of AMF spore in both coffee farms and most of them belongs to genera Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Entrophospora and Glomus. Spore types RE7, W6 and W1 belonged to Acaulospora and Y5 belonged to Entrophospora appeared in both farms. Besides, spore types B7, RE10, Yc, RE1 and Y1 were recorded in high density (1-4 spores /g soil). All of them were the potential strains for developing the VAM fertilizer specialized to coffee plantation.  

scholarly journals Soil Characteristics Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Semiarid Mediterranean Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 3348-3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Alguacil ◽  
Maria Pilar Torres ◽  
Alicia Montesinos-Navarro ◽  
Antonio Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Amf Communities

ABSTRACTWe investigated communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots and the rhizosphere soil ofBrachypodium retusumin six different natural soils under field conditions. We explored phylogenetic patterns of AMF composition using indicator species analyses to find AMF associated with a given habitat (root versus rhizosphere) or soil type. We tested whether the AMF characteristics of different habitats or contrasting soils were more closely related than expected by chance. Then we used principal-component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance to test for the relative contribution of each factor in explaining the variation in fungal community composition. Finally, we used redundancy analysis to identify the soil properties that significantly explained the differences in AMF communities across soil types. The results pointed out a tendency of AMF communities in roots to be closely related and different from those in the rhizosphere soil. The indicator species analyses revealed AMF associated with rhizosphere soil and the root habitat. Soil type also determined the distribution of AMF communities in soils, and this effect could not be attributed to a single soil characteristic, as at least three soil properties related to microbial activity, i.e., pH and levels of two micronutrients (Mn and Zn), played significant roles in triggering AMF populations.IMPORTANCECommunities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are main components of soil biota that can determine the productivity of ecosystems. These fungal assemblages vary across host plants and ecosystems, but the main ecological processes that shape the structures of these communities are still largely unknown. A field study in six different soil types from semiarid areas revealed that AMF communities are significantly influenced by habitat (soil versus roots) and soil type. In addition, three soil properties related to microbiological activity (i.e., pH and manganese and zinc levels) were the main factors triggering the distribution of AMF. These results contribute to a better understanding of the ecological factors that can shape AMF communities, an important soil microbial group that affects multiple ecosystem functions.

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