scholarly journals Karyomorphological study of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. (Asteraceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
MS Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Individual Chromosome ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Gradient Type ◽  
Orcein Staining

In the present study, karyomorphological features of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. were investigated. Orcein-staining was used for the authentic chromosomal characterization and identification. In E. fluctuans ‘Simple Chromocenter Type’ of interphase nuclei was observed with many small heterochromatin blocks after orcein staining. Prophase chromosomes showed ‘Gradient Type’ with orcein staining. This species was found to possess 2n=10x=110 with basic chromosome number x=11 and this is probably the first report for this species. The centromeric formula of this species was ‘38m+70sm+2ac’. The above features indicated that E. fluctuans is an advance polyploid with asymmetric karyotype. The total chromatin length (2n) was 295.92 μm. Individual chromosome length ranged from 1.84-4.26 μm. The relative length of each chromosome ranged from 0.006-0.014. The above mentioned data will be useful for karyomorphological characterization of E. fluctuans from Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(4), 283-288, 2019

scholarly journals Cytogenetical characterization of Acalypha indica L. in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Ishrat Jahan Bonna ◽  
Sheikh Shamimul Alam ◽  
Syeda Sharmeen Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Cytological Investigation ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Orcein Staining ◽  
Acalypha Indica

Acalypha indica L. was cytogenetically characterized after staining with orcein, CMA and DAPI. In this species "Simple Chromocenter Type" of interphase nuclei was observed with a few small heterochromatin blocks following orcein staining. Prophase chromosomes showed “Interstitial Type” of staining pattern with orcein which indicated the tendency of aggregation of heterochromatin in interstitial regions of chromosome. This plant was found to possess 2n = 20 metacentric chromosomes. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was 55.33 μm. Individual chromosome length ranged from 1.84 to 3.50 μm. The relative length of each chromosome ranged from 0.03 to 0.06. After staining with CMA, three bright bands were observed at different locations of chromosomes. A total of four DAPI-positive bands were also found of which two bands were centromeric and other two were entirely fluoresced with DAPI. The results of the cytological investigation may be useful for future characterization of this plant species. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 183-189, 2018 (July)

Cytotaxonomic studies in five species of Rutidosis (Asteraceae) endemic to south-eastern Queensland

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Kokubugata ◽  
Ailsa E. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Orcein Staining

Somatic chromosomes of five species of Rutidosis endemic to south-eastern Queensland were analysed by the aceto-orcein staining method. The five species were classified into two major groups by their basic chromosome number and asymmetry of chromosome length. Rutidosis glandulosa and R. murchisonii exhibited a basic chromosome number of x = 11 and a gradual change in chromosome length. Rutidosis crispata, R. lanata and R. leucantha exhibited a basic chromosome number of x = 12 and the karyotype was bimodal with respect to chromosome length. On the basis of chromosome evidence, we hypothesise that (1) R. glandulosa and R. murchisonii are closely related, (2) R. crispata and R. leucantha are closely related and (3) R. lanata is most likely to be derived from R. crispata by a hexaploidisation. The present results support Holland’s (1994, 1999) taxonomic treatment of the five species.

Somatic chromosome number and ploidy level in three Curcuma spp. from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Ishrat Jahan Bonna ◽  
Suma Akter ◽  
Syeda Sharmeen Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
First Time ◽  
Orcein Staining

Three Curcuma L. species were investigated cytogenetically which represent diversed staining pattern of heterochromatins in interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes with orcein staining. Curcuma longa and C. caesia were found to possess 2n = 3x = 63 somatic chromosomes whereas 2n = 2x = 42 chromosome number in C. zedoaria is reported for the first time from Bangladesh. Total chromosome length recorded in C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria were 145.08 ± 2.85 μm, 164.93 ± 4.29 μm and 97.78 ± 2.41 μm, respectively. This was the first attempt to measure the length of the chromosomes for these species. The experiment confirmed the basic chromosome number x = 21 with triploid (C. longa, C. caesia) and diploid (C. zedoaria) Curcuma plants. Polyploidy could be employed in the evolution and diversification of the genus Curcuma, which is an essential factor to characterize the species of this genus. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 133-140, 2021 (July)

scholarly journals Morphological and Cytological Characterization of Five Porterweed (Stachytarpheta) Selections

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Renjuan Qian ◽  
S. Brooks Parrish ◽  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Gary W. Knox ◽  
Zhanao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Basic Chromosome

Porterweed (Stachytarpheta spp.), a member of the verbena family, is frequently used in pollinator gardens to attract butterflies. This study was conducted to assess the morphological features, pollen stainability and morphology, nuclear DNA content, and chromosome number of five porterweed selections. Coral porterweed (S. mutabilis), ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed (S. cayennensis × S. mutabilis ‘Violacea’), and nettleleaf porterweed (S. cayennensis) had the largest plant heights. Flower number was significantly higher in nettleleaf porterweed, jamaican porterweed (S. jamaicensis), and U*J3-2 porterweed (S. cayennensis × S. jamaicensis), with an average of 65–72 flowers per inflorescence. Internode length and flower width of jamaican porterweed had much lower values than the other selections. Coral porterweed recorded the lowest pollen stainability with only 10.6% stainability, but it had the largest relative pollen production. ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed had the highest DNA content with an average of 3.79 pg/2C, like jamaican porterweed with 3.73 pg/2C. Ploidy levels varied between selections, and the basic chromosome number was x = 28. Coral, jamaican, and ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed had 2n = 6x = 168 chromosomes, first reported in this genus. These results provide a guide and a new tool to distinguish native and non-native porterweed and may aid future breeding toward the production of noninvasive cultivars.

scholarly journals Cytotaxonomy of four Floral Variants of Impatiens Balsamina L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Dash ◽  
Md Harun Ar Rashid ◽  
Syeda Sharmeen Sultana ◽  
M Oliur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Total Chromosome Length ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Gradient Type ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Orcein Staining

Karyomorphological characters were investigated in four floral variants of Impatiens balsamina L. viz. white, pink, violet and red for proper characterization and inferring relationships among them. All four floral variants of I. balsamina were found to possess 2n = 14 chromosomes, and ‘Simple Chromocenter Type’ of interphase nuclei was observed in all variants with many small heterochromatin blocks after orcein staining. ‘Continuous Type’ of prophase chromosomes was found in red variant, whereas both ‘Continuous and Gradient Type’ were found in other three variants. The red variant could easily be distinguished from the remaining three variants by total chromosome length, centromeric formula, average chromosome length, total form value, and karyotype asymmetry plus symmetry index. Based on karyomorphology, the white, pink and violet variants of I. balsamina were found very closely related and constituted with similar genome, whereas red variant was found to possess slightly modified genome and distinct from other three floral variants. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 1-9, 2019

scholarly journals Karyotype and genome size variation in white-flowered Eranthis sect. Shibateranthis (Ranunculaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Yu. Mitrenina ◽  
Andrey S. Erst ◽  
Lorenzo Peruzzi ◽  
Mikhail V. Skaptsov ◽  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Intrachromosomal Asymmetry

Comparative karyomorphological analyses of six out of the eight white-flowered species of Eranthis sect. Shibateranthis have been carried out. All studied specimens of E. byunsanensis, E. lobulata, E. pinnatifida, and E. stellata had a somatic chromosome number 2n = 16 with basic chromosome number x = 8. On the contrary, E. tanhoensis and E. sibirica had a basic chromosome number x = 7. The specimens of E. tanhoensis were diploid with 2n = 14, while the specimens of E. sibirica were polyploid with 2n = 42. Monoploid chromosome sets of the investigated diploid species had 4–5 metacentric chromosomes and 2–4 submetacentric/subtelocentric/acrocentric chromosomes. The highest level of interchromosomal asymmetry, estimated via CVCL, was found in E. byunsanensis and E. pinnatifida. The highest levels of intrachromosomal asymmetry (MCA) and heterogeneity in centromere position (CVCI) were found in E. lobulata and E. byunsanensis, while E. sibirica had the most symmetric karyotype. A multivariate PCoA analysis of basic karyotype parameters (2n, x, THL, CVCL, MCA, and CVCI) highlighted no overlap among species accessions, which was also confirmed by LDA. The average absolute monoploid DNA content (1Cx) of the 23 investigated samples of six Eranthis species varied from 9.26 ± 0.25 pg in E. sibirica to 15.93 ± 0.32 pg in E. stellata. Overall karyological affinity was highlighted between E. lobulata and E. stellata, on one side, and between E. byunsanensis and E. pinnatifida, on the other side. Interestingly, there was no significant correlation between total haploid (monoploid) chromosome length (THL) and 1Cx values in these species.

scholarly journals Karyomorphology of Justicia adhatoda L. by differential staining

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Dash ◽  
Sheikh Shamimul Alam ◽  
Syeda Sharmeen Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Fluorescent Banding ◽  
Chromosomal Data ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda ◽  
Orcein Staining

Karyomorphological features of Justicia adhatoda L. were investigated in this study after differential staining with orcein, CMA and DAPI for proper characterization. In this species "Simple Chromocenter Type" of interphase nuclei was observed with many small heterochromatin blocks after orcein staining. Prophase chromosomes showed "Interstitial Type" of staining pattern which indicated the tendency of aggregation of heterochromatin in interstitial regions of chromosome. This species was found to possess 2n = 34 metacentric chromosomes. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was 132.17 μm. Individual chromosome length ranged from 2.57 to 5.43 μm. The relative length of each chromosome ranged from 0.02 to 0.04. A total of seven CMA-positive bands were observed in this species whereas no band was found after DAPIstaining. This result suggested the absence of AT-rich portions and occurrence of GC-rich portions in the respective banded chromosomes. Except 2n chromosome number, the other karyological and fluorescent banding information probably was the first report for this species and it might help to enhance the chromosomal data base with detailed karyomorphological information of this plant species in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 175-181, 2018 (July)

scholarly journals In vitro propagation and cytological analysis of Sophora mollis Royle: an endangered medicinal shrub

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aakriti Bhandari ◽  
Harminder Singh ◽  
Amber Srivastava ◽  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
G. S. Panwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Abstract Background Sophora mollis Royle (family Fabaceae, subfamily-Papilionaceae) is a multipurpose legume distributed in plains and foothills of the North-West Himalaya to Nepal and is facing high risk of extinction due to habitat loss and exploitation by the local people for its fuel and fodder values. Therefore, the present study was conducted to standardize a micropropagation protocol for Sophora mollis by using shoot tip explants and to study the meiotic chromosome count in the species. Results Multiple shoots were induced in shoot tip explants of Sophora mollis in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins alone (BAP, TDZ, and Kinetin) and in combination with varying concentrations of NAA. MS medium supplemented with BAP (8.9 μM) was observed to be the optimal medium for multiple shoot induction and maximum 25.32 shoots per explant was obtained with average length of 4.5 ± 0.8 cm. In vitro developed shoots were transferred onto rooting media supplemented with different concentrations of auxin (IAA, IBA, and NAA). Maximum 86% rooting was observed in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 21.20 μM NAA with an average of 21.26 roots per culture. In vitro raised plantlets were adapted to greenhouse for better acclimatization and 60% plants were successfully transferred to the open environment. Based on the chromosome counts available from the literature and the current study, the species tend to show a basic chromosome number of x = 9. Conclusion The micropropagation protocol standardized can be helpful for the ex situ mass multiplication and germplasm conservation of the endangered species. Moreover, the ex situ conservation approach will be helpful in actively bridging the gap between ex situ and in situ approaches through the reintroduction of species in the wild. The cytological studies revealed the basic chromosome number x = 9 of the species.

scholarly journals Relations and evolution in Cheilanthes (Sinopteridaceae, Pteridophita) in Macaronesia and Mediterranean area, deduced from genome analysis of their hybrids

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 101-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vida ◽  
A. Major ◽  
T. Reichstein
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Basic Chromosome

Nine species of "Cheilantoid ferns" are known to grow in Macaronesia and the Mediterranean basin. Two of them (lacking a pseudo-indusium and having the basic chromosome number X = 29), both aggregate species which we prefer to retain in Notholaena, are not included in this study. The other seven species (with distinct pseudo-indusium and the basic chromosome number X = 30), which we accept as members of the genus Cheilanthes Sw. sensu stricto, were subjected to detailed genome analysis of their natural and experimentally produced hybrids and shown to represent an aggregate of four very distinct ancestral diploids and three allotetraploids. The latter must have once been formed by chromosome doubling in the three diploid hybrids of C. maderensis Lowe with the other three diploid species. Theoretically three more allotetraploids would be possible but their formation has obviously been prevented by the geographical separation of the three respective diploids. The most widely distributed of the tetraploids, i.e. C. pteridioides (Reich.) C.Chr. has also been resynthesized from its ancestors (still sympatric) under experimental conditions. The intermediate morphology of the allotetraploids (as compared with their diploid ancestors) is obviously the reason why their status and existence has so long escaped recognition in Europe. These seven species form a natural group and, in our opinion, should not be divided into sections.

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