scholarly journals Histopathological analysis of the coronary atheroma extracted during coronary artery bypass graft surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Redoy Ranjan ◽  
Dipannita Adhikary ◽  
Mayank Acharya ◽  
Saumitra Chakravarty ◽  
Sanjoy Kumar Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft

<p class="Abstract">This study aims to evaluate the histopathological analysis as well as the effect of coronary endarterectomy with severe calcified coronary artery disease. During the year of 2015 to 2017, a total of 135 patients (56 patients of stable angina and 79 patients of unstable angina) underwent atherectomy in adjunct to off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Histopathological study of atheroma specimen demonstrates the presence of calcification, foam cell, cholesterol clefts, thrombus, smooth muscle cell, and also necrotic tissue using standard hematoxylin and eosin stain techniques. However, smooth muscle cells and foam cell were identified with plaque using the monoclonal antibodies. Thrombus was more common in unstable angina group of patients (64.4%) in comparison to the patients with stable angina (23.2%). An accelerated progression pattern of smooth muscle cell proliferation and calcification were observed which was also common and significantly higher in unstable angina group of patients. The presence of thrombus and accelerated progressive pattern of smooth muscle cell proliferation in unstable angina patients imply the episodic disruption of atheromatous plaque followed by subsequent healing and may play a vital role in the pathophysiology of underlying angina pectoris.</p>

Coronary artery bypass graft: why is the saphenous vein prone to intimal hyperplasia?

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 531-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swastika Sur ◽  
Jeffrey T. Sugimoto ◽  
Devendra K. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Internal Mammary Artery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Internal Mammary

Proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells and the resultant intimal hyperplasia cause coronary artery bypass graft failure. Both internal mammary artery and saphenous vein are the most commonly used bypass conduits. Although an internal mammary artery graft is immune to restenosis, a saphenous vein graft is prone to develop restenosis. We found significantly higher activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the smooth muscle cells of the internal mammary artery than in the saphenous vein. In this article, we critically review the pathophysiology of vein-graft failure with detailed discussion of the involvement of various factors, including PTEN, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, in uncontrolled proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells towards the lumen, and invasion of the graft conduit. We identified potential target sites that could be useful in preventing and (or) reversing unwanted consequences following coronary artery bypass graft using saphenous vein.

scholarly journals Associations between Vaspin Levels and Coronary Artery Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Lutfu Askin ◽  
Okan Tanriverdi ◽  
Hakan Tibilli ◽  
Serdar Turkmen
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Artery Disease

The relationship between serum vaspin levels and metabolic or coronary artery disease is currently of interest for researchers. Although adipokine concentrations have been shown to be increased significantly in atherosclerotic lesions, the role adipokines in the atherosclerotic process remains to be elucidated. Vaspin is a new biological marker associated with obesity and impaired insulin sensitivity. Plasma vaspin concentration has been shown to correlate with the severity of coronary artery disease. Vascular inflammation triggered by vaspin inhibits atherogenesis by suppressing macrophage foam cell formation and vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. Vaspin also contributes to plaque stabilization by increasing collagen content and reducing the intraplaque macrophage to vascular smooth muscle cell ratio. The therapeutic goal concerning vaspin is to fight atherosclerosis and related diseases, as well as to maintain vascular health.

Raw Materials and Processing Issues in the Development of Vascugel, a Cell Therapy for Vascular Disease

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Sigler
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft

Abstract Vascular arterial disease is the most common cause of death in the United States. Cardiovascular surgery such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery and therapies such as angioplasty and stenting are the current standard of care. However, a large number of these procedures fail due to a form of arterial disease known as restenosis. Restenosis is the re-narrowing of the treated blood vessel following vessel wall injury resulting in decreased blood flow. This re-narrowing occurs in large part because the smooth muscle cells in the wall of the vessel proliferate after the vessel is damaged. This proliferation occurs because the endothelial cells lining the inside of the vessel, which normally control proliferation, are damaged and can no longer provide the physiological function of keeping the underlying smooth muscle cells in a steady state. Of the approximately 1.5 million procedures per year, over 500,000 are coronary artery bypass graft surgeries (1996 and 1998 data from Medical Data International). Coronary artery bypass grafts experience restenosis at a 12 to 20% rate after one year.

scholarly journals Aprotinin Decreases Postoperative Bleeding and Number of Transfusions in Patients on Clopidogrel Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Circulation ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 112 (9_supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan van der Linden ◽  
Gabriella Lindvall ◽  
Ulrik Sartipy
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Perioperative Bleeding ◽  
The Impact

Background— Clopidogrel, an irreversible platelet inhibitor, is used to treat patients with unstable angina. These patients often present for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and are at increased risk for perioperative bleeding. The current investigation evaluates the impact of aprotinin on bleeding and transfusion requirements in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing CABG. Methods and Results— Seventy-five consecutive patients with unstable angina, administered clopidogrel <5 days before CABG, were randomized. Using a double-blind design, patients received full-dose aprotinin (n =37) or saline (n =38). Elapsed times between the last dose of clopidogrel and start of the operation were similar between the 2 groups [aprotinin, 58±28 hour (mean± SD); control, 54±27 hour; P =0.86], as were age (aprotinin, 66.4±10 years; control, 68.3±10 years; P =0.51), number of distal anastomoses (aprotinin, 3.6±1.0; control, 3.7±1.0; P =0.79), operative times (aprotinin, 192±48 minutes; control, 200±53 minutes; P =0.55), and lowest intraoperative hemoglobin level (aprotinin, 87±14 g/L; control, 88±14 g/L; P =0.60). Postoperative bleeding was 760±350 mL in aprotinin-treated patients versus 1200±570 mL ( P <0.001) in control. During the hospital stay, patients in the aprotinin group received 1.2±1.5 and 0.1±0.4 U of erythrocytes and platelets, respectively, versus 2.8±3.2 ( P =0.02) and 0.9±1.4 ( P =0.002) units in the control. In the aprotinin group, 53% of patients received transfusions, whereas 79% of controls were exposed to blood products ( P =0.02). Conclusions— Intraoperative aprotinin decreases postoperative bleeding and the number of transfusions in patients undergoing CABG and treated with clopidogrel <5 days before surgery.

scholarly journals Unstable angina does not increase mortality in coronary artery bypass graft surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400
Author(s):  
Carolina Pelzer Sussenbach ◽  
João Carlos Guaragna ◽  
Rômulo Soares Castagnino ◽  
Jaqueline Piccoli ◽  
Luciano Cabral Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft
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