scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity and dose Assessment in Sand and Sediment Samples from Kuakata Beach, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Murad Ahmed ◽  
Suranjan Kumar Das ◽  
Sariful ◽  
Selina Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
World Average ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations

The activity concentrations of radionuclides and their respective annual effective dose rates produced by 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were measured by using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of relative efficiency 20%. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the sand samples were found to vary from 22.83 ± 4.11 to 100.21 ± 2.39 BqKg-1, 68.76 ± 2.86 BqKg-1 to 297.37 ± 4.32 BqKg-1 and 75.87 ± 15.75 to 161.81 ± 19.90 BqKg-1 with mean values 48.76, 126.11 and 292.38 Bqkg-1, respectively. For sediment samples the corresponding radionuclides ranged between 12.11 ± 1.99 and 31.64 ± 1.64 BqKg-1, 18.94 ± 1.90 BqKg-1 and 71.11 ± 2.88 BqKg-1 and 182.73 ± 19.81 BqKg-1 and 345.77 ± 21.07 BqKg-1, with mean values 19.67, 32.13 and 243.38 Bqkg-1, respectively. The absorbed dose rate was estimated to the range from 30.50 to 242.93 nGyh-1 with an average value of 74.87 nGyh-1. The estimated outdoor annual effective dose varied between 0.22 and 1.79 mSv/year with a mean value of 0.55 mSv/year, which is higher than the world average for outdoor annual effective dose (0.07 mSv/year). The external hazard indices for the samples varied from 0.17 to 1.43 with the average value of 0.44, which is less than the unity. The average value of radium equivalent activity was estimated and found to be 161.40 BqKg-1 which is less than the acceptable limit of world average value of 370 BqKg-1.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 1, 45-55, 2016

MEASUREMENT OF THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF GAMMA EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES IN TOOTHPASTE SAMPLES AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CORRESPONDING ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas M Ababneh ◽  
Qutad M Samarah
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract It is inevitable that we are exposed to radiation daily from various sources and products that we consume on daily basis. The use of toothpaste for oral hygiene is one of the most common daily practices by humans and yet very little data are available regarding its radiation content. In this work, we investigated the concentrations of gamma emitting radionuclides in toothpaste samples consumed in Jordan. 40K and 226Ra were detected in almost one-third of the samples, whereas 228Ra was detected in nearly half of them. The corresponding activity concentrations in the detected samples were in the ranges of 68.7–154.2, 4.6–14.1 and 1.3–10.0 Bq/kg, respectively. Dose assessment of accidental ingestion of toothpaste for children and adults was made, and its contribution to the annual effective dose was found to be very minimal with maximum doses of ~2.9 and 1.3 μSv for children and adults, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurement of Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Level and Annual Effective Dose in and Around Nuggihalli-Holenarasipura Schist Belts, Karnataka State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1-Feb) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Niranjan R S ◽  
Ningappa C ◽  
Nandakumar V ◽  
Harshavardhana C N
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Gamma Radiations ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

All individual living beings on the earth are exposed continuously to the radiations coming from terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources and also from their own bodies. The indoor and outdoor ambient gamma radiations are measured in and around Nuggihalli- Holenarasipura schist belts of Hassan district in Karnataka state. The measurements are carried out using the environment radiation dosimeter UR 705 which is a portable detector. Absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate are estimated by measuring the exposure rate. The total annual effective dose calculated from both indoor and outdoor varies from 0.68 to1.62 mSv.y-1 with an average value of 1.16 mSv.y-1. The calculated indoor and outdoor annual effective doses are found to be higher than the world average.

Natural Radioactivity Measurement in Soil Samples From The New Kufa University Location, Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiyam Najy Majeed ◽  
Ali . K. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
World Average ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The World

Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city on of the most important cities in Iraqi country it was chosen as the cultural Islamic capital for 2012 by the Islamic world ,Kufa university will be played big role of liability, cultural and education efficacies, this city had been exposed to artillery bombard expand along different areas in 1991 and 2003 in our research we try to test the studying area to know The total absorbed dose rate and the most possible hazards for this reasons the study was done. The natural radiation of thirty two samples of soil which collected randomly in June 2012 from the new Kufa University location were measured using Na(Tl) detection. The mean values activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K was (25.73±11.23 , 3.72±0.81 and 165.16±9.39 ) Bq kg-1 respectively . The highest value of the Radium equivalent activity was (30.870) Bq.kg–1 in (S2) which mean that all the soil samples values lower than (370Bq kg-1) the world average . External and internal hazard and gamma activity concentration (representative level index) indexes were lower than unity for all samples . The average value of absorbed dose rate calculated from activity concentration of 238U , 232Th and 40K was (20.553) nGy h-1 this value coincident to recommended. Annual effective dose in (?Sv/y) varies from (36.912) (?Sv/y) in (S15) to (15.460) (?Sv/y) in (S8) , all the soil samples have the annual effective dose less than the world average 460 (?Sv/y). The results can be consider as base values for distribution of natural radionuclides in the region and will be used as references information to assess any changed in the radioactive background level due to geological processes.

Natural Radioactivity of Topsoil in Two Granite Areas of Guangzhou, South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3691-3695
Author(s):  
Gang Song ◽  
Min Xing Lu ◽  
Qiu Ping Zhu ◽  
Di Yun Chen ◽  
Yong Heng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The natural radionuclide (238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) concentrations in 152 soil samples were determined from two major granite areas in Guangzhou, using high resolution γ-ray spectroscopic system based on the characteristic spectral peaks. The mean activity values for 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 156.6±98.8, 160.9±96.5, 184.8±101.5 and 832.5±493.1 Bq kg–1 dry mass, respectively. The absorbed dose rate (D) calculated from activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranged from 53.2 to 497.1 nGy h–1 with a mean of 220.7 nGy h–1. The Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the outdoor annual effective dose and the external hazard index (Ir), which resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 119.7 to 1117.2 Bq kg–1, from 0.07 to 0.61 mSv and from 0.33 to 3.07, respectively. The radium equivalent activities and the external hazard index in all the soil samples were same as 64.5% higher than the limit of 370 Bq kg–1 and 1.0, respectively. The outdoor annual effective dose was higher than the worldwide mean value of 0.07 mSv.

scholarly journals 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K activities and associated radiological hazards in building materials of Islamabad capital territory, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

Radioactivity levels in building materials, collected from the Islamabad capital territory have been determined by using a gamma spectrometric technique. Measured specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in material samples ranged from 8 ? 1 to 116 ? 6 Bq/kg, 9 ? 1 to 152 ? ? 5 Bq/kg, and 29 ? 6 to 974 ? 23 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and gamma index were evaluated from the measured amounts of radioactivity to assess the radiation hazard associated with the studied building materials. The mean radium equivalent activity, the absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose estimated ranged from 81 ? 6 to 221 ? 11 Bq/kg, 38 ? 3 to 104 ? 5 nGy/h, and 0.23 ? 0.02 to 0.64 ? 0.03 mSv, respectively. The ranges of the calculated Raeq were found to be lower than the values recommended for construction materials (370 Bq/kg). The mean values of the internal and external hazard indices were found in the range of 0.30 ? 0.02 to 0.78 ? 0.05 and 0.22 ? 0.02 to 0.60 ? 0.03, respectively. The results of the materials examined indicate no significant radiological hazards arise from using such material in building construction.

scholarly journals Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides Accumulation in Palm Oil from Soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
O. B. Olafisoye ◽  
◽  
O. O. Oguntibeju ◽  
O. A. Osibote
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentrations

Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) radiation detector was used to estimate the activity concentration of fifteen soil and palm oil samples collected from the oil palm plantations in the southwestern, southeastern, and south southern states of Nigeria, and the risk assessments was evaluated. The activity concentrations at a soil depth 0 – 15 cm ranged from 187.4 to 514.4, 2.328 to 6.571, and 1.509 to 6.121 Bq/kg for 40K, 238U, and 232Th, respectively. The activity concentrations at a soil depth 15 – 30 cm ranged from 163.4 to 3188.8, 1.345 to 9.410, and 1.476 to 6.275 Bq/kg for 40K, 238U, and 232Th, respectively. The activity concentrations in the palm oil ranged from 122.3 to 968.0, 1.240 to 6.651, and 1.199 to 8.061 Bq/L for 40K, 238U, and 232Th. For the risk assessments of surface soil samples, the absorbed dose rate (D) ranged from 5.09 to 24.54 nGy/h, while the annual effective dose equivalent (E) ranged from 0.612 × 10-2 to 16.49 × 10-2 mSv/y. The radium equivalent, gamma absorbed dose rate, and the annual effective dose rate in the palm oil samples ranged from 9.981 to 88.00 Bq/L, 4.315 to 46.29 nGy/h, and 0.53 × 10-2 to 56.90 x 10-2 mSv/y, respectively. The activity concentrations reported for soil and palm oil samples were lower than the recommended world average values given by UNSCEAR. Hence, the hazard and risk assessments indicated a low radiation risk within the studied areas.

scholarly journals Measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations using twin cup dosimeter for indoor Al-Madaan city – Baghdad – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (30) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafik S. Shafik
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations

In this study, the activity concentrations of indoor radon, thoronand their progeny have been measured in air for 61 differentlocations of Al-Maddan city using twin cup dosimeter. Furthermore,some useful parameters concerning the health hazards have beenestimated; working level month (WLM), annual effective dose (Eff),and excess lung cancer per million person per year (ELC).The resultsshow that the values of radon gas levels in the investigated districtsvaried from 56.28 to 194.43Bq/m3with an overall average value132.96Bq/m3, while 0.313 to 1.085 for WLM with an overall average0.740, respectively. The value of Eff and ELC have been found tovary from 1.420 to 4.918 mSv/y with an overall average value3.354mSv/y, and 852 to 2951 with an overall average value 2013,respectively. For thoron gas only, the results showed that the thoronactivity concentration varied from 15.05 to 172.40 Bq/m3 with anoverall average 76.48 Bq/m3, and 0.021to 0.240for WLM with anoverall average 0.106, respectively. The values of Eff and ELC havebeen found to vary from 0.256 to 2.94 mSv/y with an overallaverage1.30 mSv/y and from 57 to 652 with an overall average of298, respectively. The concentration of radon progeny varied from59.44 to 301.39 Bq/m3 with an overall average 157.62 Bq/m3. Theresults illustrated that there is a large variation in the values of themeasured concentrations. This is due to the wide variation in theconstruction of the houses in Al-Madaan city. However, allinvestigated locations have radon concentration below the actionlevel (200-300Bq/m3) that recommended byICRP. Therefore, there isno health hazard of radon in the region of Al-Madaan city wheremeasurements have been performed.

scholarly journals Measurement Natural Radioactivity in Soil Samples from Important historical locals in Alnajaf Alashraf city, Iraq.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1472-1478
Author(s):  
Heiyam N. Majeed ◽  
Ali K. Hasan ◽  
Hussein J. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city one of the most important ,oldest, historical and religious cities in Iraqi country which includes hundreds of holy shrines and historical mosques which over the built hundreds of years. The natural radiation of  forty two  samples of soil which collected randomly in June  2013 from different religious and historical places were  measured using  3"×3" Na(Tl) detection. The mean values activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K  was ( 23.59±4.37, 12.10±0.54 and 60.68±2.30) Bq kg-1  respectively , specific activity for all soil sample were in the worldwide average. The  average values of the Radium equivalent activity and  annual effective dose  were (22.455 Bq/kg and 25.375 μSv/y) less than the world average .The heist  external and internal hazard and gamma activity concentration index were (0.274 , 0.412 and 0.705) lower than unity.

scholarly journals Natural radioactivity and external dose assessment of surface soils in Bolikhamxay province, Laos

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loat Bui Van
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
World Average ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Activity

We have determined activity concentrations in 33 soil samples collected from Bolikhamxay Province, Laos. The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226Ra,232Th and 40K in soil samples were measured by a gamma spectrometer with a HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are 43.8 ± 5.6, 57.0 ± 7.3 and 426.4 ± 23.1 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th in this work are higher than those of the world average values. Meanwhile, the  activity concentration of 40 K is almost the same of the world average value. The estimated average outdoor annual effective dose (E) and radium equivalent actitvity (Raeq) are 0.17 ± 0.02 mSv.yr-1 and 154.8 ± 16.1 Bq.kg-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and radon exhalation rate potential from various building materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Ivana Vukanac ◽  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Milica Rajacic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic ◽  
Predrag Ujic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Sand Sample ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radon Exhalation

Various imported building materials commonly used in construction and industry in Serbia were analyzed using gamma spectrometry. Based on the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the investigated samples, radium equivalent activity, Raeq, absorbed dose rate, D, annual effective dose, DE, and the external hazard index, Hex, were calculated to assess the radiation hazard for people. The Raeq for most of the analyzed samples (416 in total) was lower than the maximum admissible value of 370 Bqkg-1 set in the UNSCEAR report. The absorbed gamma dose rate in air was found to vary from 0.030 mGyh-1 to 1.328 mGyh-1 which in some cases exceeded indoor dose rates in Europe. The obtained values for annual effective dose exceed the limits of 0.41 mSv given in literature for about 5 % of measured samples, while values of Hex were higher than unity for three samples of cement, eight samples of granite, and one sand sample. As a possible source of elevated effective dose, the radon exhalation from building materials was estimated using the parameters given in literature. The internal dose due to 222Rn exhaled from the building material was found to be up to nine times higher than external dose due to 226Ra content in some cases.

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