scholarly journals Measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations using twin cup dosimeter for indoor Al-Madaan city – Baghdad – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (30) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafik S. Shafik
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations

In this study, the activity concentrations of indoor radon, thoronand their progeny have been measured in air for 61 differentlocations of Al-Maddan city using twin cup dosimeter. Furthermore,some useful parameters concerning the health hazards have beenestimated; working level month (WLM), annual effective dose (Eff),and excess lung cancer per million person per year (ELC).The resultsshow that the values of radon gas levels in the investigated districtsvaried from 56.28 to 194.43Bq/m3with an overall average value132.96Bq/m3, while 0.313 to 1.085 for WLM with an overall average0.740, respectively. The value of Eff and ELC have been found tovary from 1.420 to 4.918 mSv/y with an overall average value3.354mSv/y, and 852 to 2951 with an overall average value 2013,respectively. For thoron gas only, the results showed that the thoronactivity concentration varied from 15.05 to 172.40 Bq/m3 with anoverall average 76.48 Bq/m3, and 0.021to 0.240for WLM with anoverall average 0.106, respectively. The values of Eff and ELC havebeen found to vary from 0.256 to 2.94 mSv/y with an overallaverage1.30 mSv/y and from 57 to 652 with an overall average of298, respectively. The concentration of radon progeny varied from59.44 to 301.39 Bq/m3 with an overall average 157.62 Bq/m3. Theresults illustrated that there is a large variation in the values of themeasured concentrations. This is due to the wide variation in theconstruction of the houses in Al-Madaan city. However, allinvestigated locations have radon concentration below the actionlevel (200-300Bq/m3) that recommended byICRP. Therefore, there isno health hazard of radon in the region of Al-Madaan city wheremeasurements have been performed.

scholarly journals INDOOR RADON-222 CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS AT FACULTY OF EDUCATION, YAFEA, ADEN UNIVERSITY, YEMEN, USING CR-39 NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Anwar Khadher Mohammed ◽  
Mokhtar Salim Saleh Al_Salimi ◽  
M. I. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Nuclear Track Detector ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Faculty Of Education

In this study, the activity concentration of indoor radon-222, annual effective dose, exhalation rate of radon, and relative risk of lung cancer are reported for different indoor buildings (students' dorms, teachers' dorms, offices, laboratories, library, lecture halls, and materials store) in Faculty of Education, Yafea, Aden University, Yemen. Sealed-can technique based on CR-39 nuclear tracks detector was distributed to radon gas survey. Twenty six radon detectors were mounted in seven buildings. The Radon measurements were performed for 90 days between December 2020 and March 2021. The results showed that the radon concentration ranges from 23,18 Bq m-3 to 66.49 Bq m-3 with an average value 35.86 Bq m-3, the annual effective dose ranges from 0.6 mSv y-1 to 1.639 mSv y-1 with an average value 0.979 mSv y-1, the exhalation rate ranges from 10.03 m Bq m-2 h-1 to 28.50 mBq m-2 h-1 with an average value 15.68 mBq m-2 h-1 and relative risk of lung cancer ranges from 1.02 to 1.06 with an average value 1.03. A strong correlation coefficient has been observed between radon concentration and radon exhalation rate. All of the values revealed in the study were of nominal state (that is less than allowed global values) and thus have no risk for the population living in these buildings.

scholarly journals Measurement of Indoor Radon Gas Concentration in same Region of Baghdad Governorate Using CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Track Detector ◽  
Nuclear Track Detector ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Alpha Emitters ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radon Gas

In this research the activity of radon gas in air in Baghad governorate,Iraq, using “alpha-emitters track registration (CR-39) track detector were measured. This measurement was done for selected areas from Baghdad Governorate, The results obtained shows that the highest average concentrations for Rn-222 is (179.077 Bq/m^3) which was recorded within Al-Shaaib city and less average concentrations was (15.79 Bq/m^3) in the nearby residential area of Baghdad International Airport and the overall average concentrations is (86.508 Bq/m^3) for these regions. Then the radon concentration was measured annual effective dose calculated from radon concentration and found in range from 0.4031 mSv/y to 4.5179 mSv /y with an average value of 2.1824 mSv/y. The annual effective dose of radon was within the allowed international limits.

Indoor Radon Levels and Annual Effective Dose in Dwellings of Najran City, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
Heba M. Badran
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
The City

The main objective of this study is to assess the health hazard due to the indoor radon. CR-39 as time-integrated passive solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) were used in the indoor radon measurements of Najran City, Saudi Arabia. CR-39 detectors were distributed in dwellings of different places of the city. The detectors were exposed in the dwellings for two months and then etched in NaOH 6.25 N solution at 70 ±1°C for 5 h. This study revealed that the radon concentration in the dwellings ranged from 15.03±1.9 to 70.48±3.3 Bq m-3 with an average of 34.00±14.0 Bq m-3. Comparison of indoor radon concentration measurements in the different floors showed that the radon concentration in ground floors was slightly higher than that in first floors. Results showed that there is no significant health risk from indoor radon concentration and annual effective dose in the study region.

scholarly journals A study of indoor radon levels and radon effective dose in dwellings of some cities of Gezira State in Sudan

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd-Elmoniem Elzain
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Effective Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose Rate

Exposure to natural sources of radiation, especially 222Rn and its short-lived daughter products has become an important issue throughout the world because sustained exposure of humans to indoor radon may cause lung cancer. The indoor radon concentration level and radon effective dose rate were carried out in the dwellings of Medani, El Hosh, Elmanagil, Haj Abd Allah, and Wad Almahi cities, Gezira State - Central Sudan, in 393 measurements, using passive integrated solid-state nuclear track devices containing allyl diglycol carbonate plastic detectors. The radon concentration in the corresponding dwellings was found to vary from (57 ? 8) Bq/m3 in Medani to 41 ? 9 Bq/m3 in Wad Almahi, with an average of 49 ? 10 Bq/m3. Assuming an indoor occupancy factor of 0.8 and 0.4 for the equilibrium factor of radon indoors, we found that the annual effective dose rate from 222Rn in the studied dwellings ranges from 1.05 to 1.43 mSv per year and the relative lung cancer risk for radon exposure was 1.044%. In this research, we also correlated the relationship of radon concentration and building age. From our study, it is clear that the annual effective dose rate is larger than the ?normal? background level as quoted by UNSCEAR, lower than the recommended action level of ICRP, and less than the maximum permissible dose defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The Alpha Particle Doses Received by Students and Staff in Twenty Schools in the North of Hebron Region - Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
The North ◽  
Cr 39 Detectors ◽  
Average Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to measure indoor radon concentration levels and its resulting doses received by the students and staff in schools of the directorate of education in the north of Hebron region- Palestine, during the summer months from June to September (2018), using CR-39 detectors. In this study, a total of 567 CR-39-based radon detectors were installed in the selected schools. The average radon concentrations were found to be 90.0, 66.5 and 58.0 Bqm-3 in Halhul, Beit Umar and Alarrub camp schools, respectively. Based on the measured indoor radon data, the overall average effective dose for the studied area was found to be 0.31 mSvy-1. Reported values for radon concentrations and corresponding doses are lower than ICRP recommended limits for workplaces. The results show no significant radiological risk for the pupils and staff in the schools under investigation. Consequently, the health hazards related to radiation are expected to be negligible. Keywords: Radon concentration, Alpha particles, Annual effective dose, Schools. PACs: 29.40.−n.

Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentration and the Associated Effective Dose Rate Determination in Dwellings of Suq Alshouk, Thiqar (Iraq)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 06-10
Author(s):  
Hussam Najem Abood ◽  
Ahmed Abbas Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Effective Dose Rate

Indoor radon/thoron concentration has been determined in some dwellings of Suq Alshouk district in Thiqar Governorate southern of Iraq, using LR-115 type II and CR-39 (SSNTDs). In this work the indoor radon/thoron concentration varies from (8-73) Bq m-3 for radon with an average 35±2Bq m-3, and ranges (1- 47) Bq m-3 for thoron with an average16±2Bq m-3. The average annual effective dose due to radon and thoron varies from 0.43-3.38m Sv y-1 with average value 1.43±0.11 mSv y-1.

scholarly journals Determination of radon levels in dwellings and social objects and evaluation annual effective dose from inhalation of radon in Stepnogorsk area Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
D.S. Ibrayeva ◽  
M.N. Aumalikova ◽  
K.B. Ilbekova ◽  
M.M. Bakhtin ◽  
P.K. Kazymbet
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Natural Radiation ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Activity Concentrations

Radon is a noble gas that is one of the natural radioactive decay products of radium resulting from the disintegration of uranium. Humans are exposed to sources of natural radiation activity, being radon and its progeny breathing air responsible for more than 50% of the annual dose received from natural radiation. The aim of this study was to determine the radon concentration in the air in settlements’ dwellings and social objects and calculate the annual effective dose of population from radon on the territory mining activities in Stepnogorsk area. The study has shown that activity concentrations of indoor radon in the buildings ranged from 8 to 870 Bq · m−3 in Aqsu, 3-540 Bq · m−3 in Kvartsitka located close to former gold mining sites. The Einh corresponding to the activity concentrations ranged from 1-27 mSv · y−1 received by the settlements’ public. The highest value of Einh in Aqsu School reaches up to 68 mSv · y−1 received by the critical group of public was found at the territory of former mining the Stepnogorsk area. The results of this study show significant radiation hazards in Aqsu School which located at the territory of former mining site, and there is evidence of radon health risk to the members of the public.

Annual effective dose from radon-222 concentration levels in underground water in bungoma south sub - county, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Conrad Khisa Wanyama ◽  
George Wangila Butiki ◽  
John Wanjala Makokha ◽  
Fred Wekesa Masinde
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Inhalation Dose ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Recommended Action

This research measured the concentration levels of radon in groundwater and determined the ingestion and inhalation dose. The study used RAD7 detector with RAD7-H2O accessory from Durridge Company to determine the radon levels. Thirty water samples in granitic dominated regions were collected from various areas of Bungoma County: ten from boreholes (BH), ten from hand dug wells (WL) and ten from springs (SP). The water samples were collected in 250 ml bottles which were tightly covered with lid to avoid radon leakage. The highest value was 303±4.00 KBq/m3 recorded in Kanduyi well and the lowest was 126±11.4kBq/m3 from where most of the samples recorded a high radon concentration with a mean of 269±5.25 KBq/m3 in wells, 213±7.96 KBq/m3 in boreholes and 290±7.70 KBq/m3 in springs. The average ingestion dose was found to be 1.5±0.07mSv/yr, 1.9±0.09 mSv/yr and 2.1±0.1 mSv/yr. The average annual effective dose rate for the samples collected were 2±0.1 mSv/yr for boreholes, 2.6±0.13 mSv/yr for wells and 2.7±0.14 mSv/yr for springs. The samples reported an average value of AED higher than the world average of 1.15 mSv/yr but below the exception limit of recommended action level of 10 mSv/yr hence the radon concentration levels in underground water in the study area has minimal health implications to the population.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity and dose Assessment in Sand and Sediment Samples from Kuakata Beach, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Murad Ahmed ◽  
Suranjan Kumar Das ◽  
Sariful ◽  
Selina Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
World Average ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations

The activity concentrations of radionuclides and their respective annual effective dose rates produced by 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were measured by using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of relative efficiency 20%. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the sand samples were found to vary from 22.83 ± 4.11 to 100.21 ± 2.39 BqKg-1, 68.76 ± 2.86 BqKg-1 to 297.37 ± 4.32 BqKg-1 and 75.87 ± 15.75 to 161.81 ± 19.90 BqKg-1 with mean values 48.76, 126.11 and 292.38 Bqkg-1, respectively. For sediment samples the corresponding radionuclides ranged between 12.11 ± 1.99 and 31.64 ± 1.64 BqKg-1, 18.94 ± 1.90 BqKg-1 and 71.11 ± 2.88 BqKg-1 and 182.73 ± 19.81 BqKg-1 and 345.77 ± 21.07 BqKg-1, with mean values 19.67, 32.13 and 243.38 Bqkg-1, respectively. The absorbed dose rate was estimated to the range from 30.50 to 242.93 nGyh-1 with an average value of 74.87 nGyh-1. The estimated outdoor annual effective dose varied between 0.22 and 1.79 mSv/year with a mean value of 0.55 mSv/year, which is higher than the world average for outdoor annual effective dose (0.07 mSv/year). The external hazard indices for the samples varied from 0.17 to 1.43 with the average value of 0.44, which is less than the unity. The average value of radium equivalent activity was estimated and found to be 161.40 BqKg-1 which is less than the acceptable limit of world average value of 370 BqKg-1.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 1, 45-55, 2016

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