scholarly journals Anatomical Responses of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) to Aluminium Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
Parveen Rashid ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Al Treatment

Anatomical response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to aluminium toxicity grown in sand culture and half strength Hoagland solution revealed that aluminium stress caused a decrease in diameter of the root and the shoot. Aluminium toxicity reduced the number of metaxylem vessels in the root of rice. Number of sclerenchyma cells was more in aluminium-treated rice root. Under Al stress, smaller sized vascular bundles were found in the leaf of rice. Size and frequency of bulliform cells were increased in the leaf of Al-treated plants than that in control plants. Al treatment caused closure of stomata in rice leaves. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 2, 123-131, 2019

scholarly journals Influence of the Toxin Cercosporin on Formation of Free Radicals in Rice Leaves (Oryza Sativa L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
N. Gorinova ◽  
R. Batchvarova ◽  
M. Zdravkova ◽  
N. Yordanov
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Leaves

scholarly journals Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on the Growth of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Seedlings and the Relevant Physiological Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongzhou Yang ◽  
Yifan Xiao ◽  
Tongtong Jiao ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Rice Leaves

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major staple food for billions of people, was assessed for its phytotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs, size < 50 nm). Under hydroponic condition, seven days of exposure to 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/L CuO NPs significantly suppressed the growth rate of rice seedlings compared to both the control and the treatment of supernatant from 250 mg/L CuO NP suspensions. In addition, physiological indexes associated with antioxidants, including membrane damage and antioxidant enzyme activity, were also detected. Treatment with 250 mg/L CuO NPs significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrical conductivity of rice shoots by 83.4% and 67.0%, respectively. The activity of both catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased in rice leaves treated with CuO NPs at the concentration of 250 mg/L, while the activity of the superoxide dismutase significantly increased by 1.66 times in rice roots exposed to 125 mg/L CuO NPs. The chlorophyll, including chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content in rice leaves decreased with CuO NP exposure. Finally, to explain potential molecular mechanisms of chlorophyll variations, the expression of four related genes, namely, Magnesium chelatase D subunit, Chlorophyll synthase, Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase, and Chlorophyllide a oxygenase, were quantified by qRT-PCR. Overall, CuO NPs, especially at 250 mg/L concentration, could affect the growth and development of rice seedlings, probably through oxidative damage and disturbance of chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis.

Analysis of a promoter for the NADH - glutamate synthase gene in rice (Oryza sativa): cell type-specific expression in developing organs of transgenic rice plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichi Kojima ◽  
Michiko Kimura ◽  
Yukine Nozaki ◽  
Tomoyuki Yamaya
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Gus Activity ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Gus Reporter

This paper originates from a presentation at the International Conference on Assimilate Transport and Partitioning, Newcastle, NSW, August 1999 The entire 3.7 kbp 5&acute;-upstream region (–2840 to +886) from the translational start codon of NADH–glutamate synthase (NADH–GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) gene from rice (Oryza sativa L.) or the region sequentially deleted from the 5&acute;-end was fused with the β−glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The chimeric gene was introduced into calli derived from rice scutellum via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and tissue-specific GUS activity determined in T0 generations. When the entire region was fused, GUS activity was detected in vascular bundles of the developing leaf blade and in dorsal and lateral vascular bundles of developing grains. This corresponds with our previous immunodetection of NADH–GOGAT protein (Hayakawa et al., Planta 193, 455–460, 1994). A series of deletion experiments showed that a 149-nucleotide region between –142 and +7 was essential for promoter activity in the NADH–GOGAT gene.

scholarly journals Effect of aluminium toxicity on the accumulation and distribution of K+, Na+, Cl- and NO3 - in Oryza sativa L. and Cicer arietinum L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
Parveen Rashid ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Parts

Aluminium (10 to 150 μM) decreased K+ accumulation in the root and shoot of rice and the root, stem and leaves of chickpea seedlings. On the other hand, Al, at a concentration of 10, 50, 100 and 150 μM increased Na+ content in different parts of rice and chickpea seedlings. 150 μM Al increased Na+ accumulation in the root by 2.1‐ to 2.2‐folds from 3 to 96 hrs of treatment. Aluminium at a concentration of 150 μM caused a dramatic 2‐ and 3.4‐folds increase in Claccumulation in the root and shoot of rice, respectively. In chickpea, 150 μM Al increased Cl‐ accumulation in the root by 2‐folds. On the contrary, Al application decreased NO3‐ accumulation in different parts of rice and chickpea seedlings. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(2): 141-149, 2017 (July)

scholarly journals Overexpression of EiKCS confers paraquat-tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by promoting polyamine pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyu Luo ◽  
Shu Chen ◽  
Jiazheng Zhu ◽  
Laihua Ye ◽  
Nathan D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Photosynthetic System ◽  
Paraquat Toxicity ◽  
Paraquat Tolerance ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine ◽  
Fatty Acid Pathway

Paraquat is an important bipyridine herbicide by acting on the photosynthetic system of the plants and generating reactive oxygen species leading to cell death, whereas the mechanism of the paraquat resistance remains to be explored. In this study, a putative paraquat-resistant gene EiKCS from goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.) was isolated and overexpressed in a transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.). This transgenic rice (KCSox) was treated by exogenous spermidine and paraquat and then was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative proteomics. Overexpressing of EiKCS enhanced paraquat tolerance in KCSox by the accumulation of endogenous polyamines whose dominant presences of polyamines benzoylation derivatizations in rice were C18H20N2O2, C28H31N3O3, and C38H42N4O4. The mechanism underlying the improving tolerance enhanced antioxidant capacity of ROS systems and light-harvesting in photosynthesis in KCSox rice leaves to reducing paraquat toxicity. The protein β-Ketoacyl-CoA Synthase (EiKCS) encoded by the EiKCS gene promoted the synthesis and metabolism of proteins of the polyamine pathway. Three cofactors CERs were identified and positively correlated with the function of EiKCS on very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) biosynthesis via promoting the polyamine pathway and inhibiting the links with the TCA pathway and fatty acid pathway to responding to the paraquat tolerance in the KCSox rice, which also caused the prolongation of the overproduction of spermine and a transient increase of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA). These results expanded the polyamines pathway manipulated in cereals using genetic engineering to clarify the mechanism of paraquat-tolerance.

scholarly journals Fungal diseases of three aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
Najmun Naher ◽  
Pranami Chowdhury ◽  
Mst Selina Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Sheath Rot

Seeds of three aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Kalijira, Kataribhog and BR 34 Jira dhan were tested by Blotter method for identifying their seed borne fungi. Fungi associated with seeds were Aspergillus niger, Apergillus sp., Carvularia sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Pyrenochaeta oryzae and Sarocladium oryzae. Infected samples were collected from the field starting from maximum tillering stage to grain filling stage of plant growth. After maximum tillering stage three fungal diseases were recorded on the stems and sheaths. Sheath rot was recorded on all the three rice varieties, stem rot was recorded on Kalijira and sheath blotch was recorded on Kataribhog. The pathogens of sheath rot, Sarocladium oryzae, sheath blotch, Pyrenochaeta oryzae and stem rot, Sclerotium oryzae were frequently associated with the respective samples. This is the first report of disease on aromatic rice plant for Bangladesh. Key words: Fungal diseases; Aromatic rice DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i2.6860Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 2, 163-170, 2010

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