scholarly journals Broilers of live bird markets at Mymensingh city carrying H9N2 Avian influenza virus in their respiratory tract

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Sanzida Rahman ◽  
Afroja Yasmin ◽  
Tahmina Ruba ◽  
Mohammad AHNA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Type A ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Live Bird ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Avian influenza (AI) caused by Type A influenza virus is a global zoonosis, infecting vast majority of mammalian and avian species. Broilers are meat type birds and randomly reared and sold by the farmers in Bangladesh with poor biosecurity. This study was aimed to identify the Type and subtypes of AI viruses in the broilers of two live bird markets, Mymensingh. A total of 10 birds from each of the market were randomly selected, investigated by clinical, pathological, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), sequencing and sequence analysis. Out of 20 birds investigated, 06 were sick, 02 were dead and 12 were apparently healthy. Clinically, the sick/dead birds did not reveal any changes typical to AI. During necropsy, the sick/dead birds showed congested lungs and moderate hemorrhages in the trachea. Such lesions was absent in the lungs of apparently healthy birds. Following histopathological examination interstitial pneumonia with bronchitis was seen in sick/dead birds. The RT-PCR protocol was adapted to identify matrix protein gene of Type A influenza virus and amplified 430bp fragment is even cases. To identify the sub types of AI viruses involved, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene specific RT-PCR was carried out. 1475bp and 1089bp amplicons specific to HA and NA genes of AI viruses were generated in 07 cases. The cDNAs of HA and NA genes were sequenced, edited and revealed that the AI virus circulated in the live bird market of Mymensingh city is H9N2 subtype. Two sick, one dead and four apparently healthy birds found to carry H9N2 AI virus. The H9N2 virus is naturally low pathogenic for poultry, has got public health significance, and may donate partial or even whole cassette of internal genes to generate novel human-lethal reassortants of AI viruses; this was main concern for AI viral outbreak investigation in this study. It needs to examine large number of samples from wider sources to trace the rate of mutation and subsequent reemergence of pandemic AI viruses.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(2): 225-233, August 2018

scholarly journals Avian influenza and Newcastle disease virusindead chickens in markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2011-2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
LR Barman ◽  
RD Sarker ◽  
BC Das ◽  
EH Chowdhury ◽  
PM Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Type A ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Live Bird

A virological survey for avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) was conducted in two selected live bird markets (LBMs), namely Kaptan Bazar and Karwan Bazar in Dhaka city, Bangladesh from August 2011 to July 2012. A total of 513 dead chickens were collected. An immune-chromatographic rapid antigen test for Type A influenza virus and both conventional and real time RT-PCR were used for the detection and characterization of AI and ND viruses. All carcasses were first screened by the rapid antigen test kit and 93 were positive for Type A influenza virus. RT-PCR on a representative number of rapid antigen test positive samples (n = 24) confirmed the presence of Type A influenza virus and mostly H5 influenza virus (22 out of 24 tested samples). Influenza rapid test negative samples (n = 420) were subjected to routine necropsy. Heat stress, suffocation and physical injury were the most common cause of mortality (163 cases), followed by ND, suspected to be the cause of 85 deaths. On molecular investigation of these 85 samples, the presence of ND virus was confirmed in 59 and AI virus in 6; 15 were negative for both ND and AI viruses and 5 were unsuitable for investigation. Among the 59 ND confirmed cases 18 also contained AI virus. In summary, out of 513 carcasses 117 (22.81%) contained AI virus and 59 (11.50%) contained ND virus. Eighteen (3.51%) carcasses contained both AI and ND viruses. The findings suggest that both AI and ND should be considered as major threats to the poultry industry.Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 1, 8-15

scholarly journals Sero-Detection of Avian Influenza A/H7 in Nigerian Live-Bird Markets in Plateau State

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
C.N. Chinyere ◽  
E.C. Okwor ◽  
C.A. Meseko ◽  
W.S. Ezema ◽  
N.D. Choji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Live Bird Market ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Keywords Influenza ◽  
Live Bird

Avian influenza has been reported in domestic birds in Nigeria since 2006 and subtype H5 of the Gs/Gg lineage has continued to be detected up till date. It has been suggested that waterfowls and local birds sold in live-bird markets may be natural reservoir and source of reinfection of different subtype of avian influenza in poultry farms. This study aims at serodetection of avian influenza virus in waterfowls and local birds at live-bird markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of three hundred and nine (309) blood samples were  collected over a period of three months and two hundred and ninety-two (292) sera were analysed by c-ELISA for influenza A nucleoprotein using standard protocols. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) specific for subtypes H5, H9, and H7 was also carried out using standard protocols on ELISA positive samples. The results showed seroprevalence of 5.14% (n=15) for influenza A. Serotype H7 was thereafter detected by HI in 5 of the 15 influenza A positive samples. The H7 positive sera also reacted with H7N3, H7N4, H7N1 and H7N7 virus strains with HI titre ranging between 1:32 to 1:512. This investigation for the first time showed serological evidence of influenza A subtype H7 in local birds and waterfowls sold at the live bird market in Nigeria. Further virological surveillance to isolate the virus is important in order to better understand influenza virus epidemiology in Nigeria and the potential risk that other subtypesof influenza poses to poultry production and public health. Keywords: Influenza A, subtype H7, serological detection, live bird market, Nigeria.

Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Live Bird Markets—What About the Livestock Area?

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (s3) ◽  
pp. 1111-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Trock ◽  
D. A. Senne ◽  
M. Gaeta ◽  
A. Gonzalez ◽  
B. Lucio
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Live Bird

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification Avian Influenza A non-H5 Virus from Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) at Two Live Bird Markets in Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Deya Karsari
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Live Bird

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus from muscovy duck at two live bird markets in Surabaya. Muscovy duck is the natural reservoir of Avian Influenza virus, in which all of the 16 HA subtypes and 9 NA maintained. The Avian Influenza virus replicates in intestinal tract of the reservoirs, causing the high amount of virus shed in the faeces. This study is an observational descriptive study, using non random sampling method of determined samples. The  method used in this study were Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test. Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus was identified 19.23% (5 samples out of 26) in PS1 and  23.34% (7 samples out of 30)  in PS2. This finding shows that  Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus could be isolated and identified from muscovy duck at two live bird markets in Surabaya.

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