Social tolerance of spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum Karsch (1891) between their colonies under controlled and field conditions

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Nishi Babu ◽  
Anasuya Anand ◽  
G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Social Tolerance ◽  
Stegodyphus Sarasinorum ◽  
Banana Plantation

Investigation on social interaction between the individuals of Stegodyphus sarasinorum of two different colonies and their cooperation in prey capture showed that members of different colony were socially accepted by both adults and juveniles. The study also revealed that this species prey upon rice ear bugs and cercopids which form major pests in paddy fields and banana plantation respectively.

scholarly journals Screening of Nematicides against the Lotus Root Nematode, Hirschmanniella diversa Sher (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) and the Efficacy of a Selected Nematicide under Lotus Micro-Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motonori Takagi ◽  
Maki Goto ◽  
David Wari ◽  
Mina Saito ◽  
Roland Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Important Pest

In Japan, Hirschmanniella diversa is an important pest in lotus cultivation in paddy fields and only lime nitrogen is registered for its control. Therefore, additional nematicides are required to control the nematode. The objective of this study was to screen for an effective nematicide. Fourth-stage juveniles and adults of H. diversa sampled from a lotus field were tested in in vitro solution experiments against 37 pesticides that are registered for the pest control of crops in Japan. Carbamate-based benfuracarb, organophosphate-based fenthion, nereistoxin-based cartap hydrochloride and cyanamide showed nematicidal effects against H. diversa. Benfuracarb at 1 μg/mL showed a nematostatic effect on H. diversa in an agar plate assay. Further, H. diversa treated with benfuracarb did not resume activity 7 days post nematicide treatment when transferred to distilled water. Benfuracarb was tested in micro-field experiments, in which H. diversa density and lotus tuber damage levels were monitored. Results showed that benfuracarb reduced H. diversa densities in the roots during the cultivation period in 2012 and consistently reduced damage levels during a five year study period. Thus, benfuracarb is recommended as an effective nematicide to be used for H. diversa control in lotus cultivation.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIVE AND DISSOCIATIVE RESPONSES IN THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

Abjadia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Asma Kumalasari
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Social Tolerance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Local Students ◽  
Negative Feelings

This research is intended to investigate the social interaction strategies experienced by Thailand students in Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang. As the foreigner students, they may experience associative and dissociative responses to construct self adjustment with their educational circumstance. Associative responses refer to positive feelings, kinship, and cooperation among students when they are interacting with the local students. In contrast, dissociative responses show the negative feelings, disintegration or even conflict. Those different reactions can generally occur when the foreigner students have been introduced new norms or cultures by the local students that are not similar to theirs. After gathering and analyzing the data from the research subject, the research accentuates that the awareness on the self negative and positive responses can perpetuate the social tolerance between the Thailand students and local students that can support their academic achievement.

scholarly journals Is cooperation in prey capture flexible in the Indian social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum?

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ovatt Mohanan Drisya-Mohan ◽  
Neisseril Anirudhan Kashmeera ◽  
Ambalaparambil Vasu Sudhikumar
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Social Spider ◽  
Stegodyphus Sarasinorum

scholarly journals Behavioral responses vary with prey species in the social spider, Stegodyphus sarasinorum

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-947
Author(s):  
Bharat Parthasarathy ◽  
Hema Somanathan
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Task Specialization ◽  
Social Spider ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Capture Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stegodyphus Sarasinorum

Abstract Predators living in social groups often show consistent interindividual differences in prey capture behavior that may be linked to personality. Though personality predisposes individuals for certain behaviors, responses can also be influenced by context. Studies examining personality-dependent participation in prey capture have largely employed only one prey species, offering the predator no choice. In nature, predators encounter a range of prey species, therefore participation in or leading a prey capture event must also depend on prey attributes (e.g., size and risk). In the social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum, collective prey capture is mediated by personality types as a consequence of which some individuals are consistently more likely to attack. Here, we examined if an individual’s consistency to attack persisted within and between the 2 prey species (honeybees and grasshoppers) and if the same individuals attacked first with both prey species. Our results showed that interindividual differences in attacking persisted within and between the 2 prey species. Spiders showed greater participation in attacking grasshoppers relative to bees. Identities of the first attackers were not the same for bees and grasshoppers. Spiders showed greater consistency over time in attacking bees relative to grasshoppers. Bees attracted fewer attackers than size-matched grasshoppers. These results suggest that greater task specialization may be necessary to successfully subdue bees. Spiders handled bees more cautiously, which is likely to explain the observed plasticity in attacking the 2 prey species. Thus, participation in prey capture in social spiders is influenced by the attributes of prey species.

Social epistemic actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pezzulo ◽  
Laura Barca ◽  
Domenico Maisto ◽  
Francesco Donnarumma
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Epistemic Actions ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Online Social Interaction

Abstract We consider the ways humans engage in social epistemic actions, to guide each other's attention, prediction, and learning processes towards salient information, at the timescale of online social interaction and joint action. This parallels the active guidance of other's attention, prediction, and learning processes at the longer timescale of niche construction and cultural practices, as discussed in the target article.

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

“Shhhh! Alex Has Something To Say”: AAC-SGD Use in the Classroom Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Mellman ◽  
Laura S. DeThorne ◽  
Julie A. Hengst
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Classroom Community ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Missed Opportunities

Abstract The present qualitative study was designed to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices, particularly surrounding speech-generating devices (SGDs), in the classroom setting. We focused on three key child participants, their classroom teachers, and associated speech-language pathologists across three different schools. In addition to semi-structured interviews of all participants, six classroom observations per child were completed. Data were coded according to both pre-established and emergent themes. Four broad themes emerged: message-focused AAC use, social interactions within the classroom community, barriers to successful AAC-SGD use, and missed opportunities. Findings revealed a lack of SGD use in the classroom for two children as well as limited social interaction across all cases. We conclude by highlighting the pervasive sense of missed opportunities across these classroom observations and yet, at the same time, the striking resiliency of communicative effort in these cases.

Behavioral Assessment of Social Interactions in Natural Settings

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Santoyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
Natural Settings

The present paper deals with behavioral assessment of social interaction in natural settings. The design of observational systems that allow the identification of the direction, contents, quality and social agents involved in a social interchange is an aim of social interaction assessment and research. In the first part a description of a system of behavioral observation of social interaction is presented. This system permits the identification of the above mentioned aspects. Secondly a strategy for the behavioral assessment of social skills is described. This strategy is based on the consequences and effects of social interaction, and it is supported by three basic processes: social effectiveness, social responsiveness and reciprocity.

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