Species composition and host preference of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) on rodent and domestic animals in Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
V. Rajamannar ◽  
R. Govindarajan ◽  
R. Krishnamoorthi ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
P. Philip Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Cat Flea ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
Significant Difference

The species composition and host preference of medically important fleas monitored in urban, semi-urban, and rural revealed 412(65%) and 222(35%) fleas. From urban and rural habitats 90 and 345 fleas were collected respectively. There was a significant difference between urban and rural habitats in flea abundance. From rodents and domestic animals 209 (33%) Xenopsylla cheopis, 203 (32%) X. astia and 222 (35%) Ctenocephalides felis fleas were recorded. Fleas were predominantly found on Rattus rattus 45(83.3%) and Canis familiaris 31(83.8%). Among the habitats, there was no significant difference in rodent flea positivity and dog/cat flea positivity.

Distribution pattern of chigger mites in south Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
R. Govindarajan ◽  
V. Rajamannar ◽  
R. Krishnamoorthi ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
P. Philip Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trombiculid Mites

Chiggers, the larval Trombiculid mites are the vectors for scrub typhus. Rodents and shrews are the preferred host. Study made at different habitats of chiggers collected in rodents and shrews, revealed more number to Rattus rattus 95(63%) and Suncus murinus 33(22%). Rattus rattus 31(54%) and Suncus murinus 17(30%) alone contributed more in chigger positivity. Chigger mites belonged to eight species under five genera. Leptotrombidium deliense (66%), Schoengatiella ligula (15%), and other chiggers (9%) were collected from 57 positive rodents. Seasonally, there was a significant difference in rodent positivity, and there was no significant difference in the number of chiggers collected. The study indicated the prevalence of chiggers in the various hosts and their variation in rodent/shrew hosts. R. rattus 31(54%) and S. murinus 17(30%) contributed more in chiggers infestation and seasonally wet-cool months favored more chiggers and host positivity from different habitats.

scholarly journals Species composition of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamoorthi RANGANATHAN ◽  
Govindarajan RENU ◽  
Elango AYYANAR ◽  
Rajamannar VEERAMANOHARAN ◽  
Philip Samuel PAULRAJ
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Public Health Importance

scholarly journals A Threat of Farmers’ Suicide and the Opportunity in Organic Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Mariappan ◽  
Deyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost

Agriculture is the main sources of income for humans. Likewise, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. In India, Tamil Nadu regional state has a wide range of possibilities to produce all varieties of organic products due to its diverse agro-climatic condition. This research aimed to identify the economics and efficiency of organic farming, and the possibilities to reduce farmers’ suicides in the Tamil Nadu region through the organic agriculture concept. The emphasis was on farmers, producers, researchers, and marketers entering the sustainable economy through organic farming by reducing input cost and high profit in cultivation. A survey was conducted to gather data. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to test the hypothesis regards the cost and profit of rice production. The results showed that there was a significant difference in profitability between organic and conventional farming methods. It is very transparent that organic farming is the leading concept of sustainable agricultural development with better organic manures that can improve soil fertility, better yield, less input cost and better return than conventional farming. The study suggests that by reducing the cost of cultivation and get a marginal return through organic farming method to poor and small scale farmers will reduce socio-economic problems such as farmers’ suicides in the future of Indian agriculture.

Blood Consumption by the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Dryden ◽  
Sayed M. Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Cat Flea

Harvesting and Threshing Methods on Seed Quality of Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
T. Eevera ◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
S. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Impact

Background: The present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. The use of a combine harvester to harvest dhaincha will be an effective alternative method that has not been widely tried. However, work on different methods of harvesting and threshing of dhaincha is limited. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. Methods: This study was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. The dhaincha crop was harvested and threshed using four different methods viz., manual harvesting and manual threshing, manual harvesting and threshing by tractor treading, manual harvesting and mechanical threshing and harvesting and threshing by combine harvester. The resultant seeds were tested for mechanical damage and germination potential. The experiment was laid in completely randomized block design. Germination was tested by roll towel method using 100 seeds in four replications. Germination percentage, root and shoot length were measured in seven days after sowing from ten randomly selected seedlings in each replication. For the estimation of dry matter production, ten seedlings were selected at random and kept in a hot air oven maintained at 85oC for 24 hours after measuring their root and shoot length and vigour index was calculated. Mechanical damage to seeds was observed by ferric chloride test. Seed recovery per cent was calculated based on the 100 kgs of dhaincha seeds were cleaned and graded treatment wise using cleaner cum grader and the seeds retained on the bottom sieve were weighed and expressed as per cent of total quantity of seed. Result: The results revealed that the significant difference was found among the different harvesting and threshing methods. The seeds harvested and threshed by manual method recorded 85 per cent germination followed by seeds harvested manually and threshed by mechanical threshing (84 per cent) and seeds harvested manually and threshed by tractor treading (80.5 per cent). The lowest germination of 80.0 per cent was recorded by combine harvesting. From this study, it could be inferred that combine harvester is a modern method for harvesting of dhaincha that saves time and labour when compared to all other methods.

scholarly journals Control of immature stages of the flea Ctenocephalides felis(Bouché) in carpets exposed to cats treated with imidacloprid

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
D.J. Kok ◽  
R.J. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Cat Flea ◽  
Allergic Dermatitis ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Adult Flea

Fleas cause allergic dermatitis in cats and dogs and therefore warrant control. It has been demonstrated previously that there is marked inhibition of the development of the immature stages of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis on fleece blankets exposed to cats treated with imidacloprid. This study reports on the efficacy of imidacloprid in suppressing adult flea emergence in carpet exposed to treated cats. Circular discs of carpet pre-seeded with flea eggs and larvae were exposed to 6 untreated control and 6 topically treated (imidacloprid 10 % m/v) cats 1 to 2 days after treatment and subsequently fortnightly for 6 weeks. Exposure times on alternate days were either 1 or 6 hours. Adult flea yield from carpets was determined 35 days after exposure. Differences between flea yield on control carpets and those exposed for 1 hour were significant only for days +1 and +14. For the 6-hour exposure, differences were significant at all times except on Day +43. The ability of imidacloprid to suppress the yield of adult fleas on carpets (6-hour exposure) steadily declined from 82 % (Day +2) to 12 %(Day +43). For the 1-hour exposure it varied inconsistently between 0 and 83 % over the 6-week study period.

scholarly journals Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and above ground biomass in a Trans- Himalayan Rangeland

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pokharel ◽  
Madhu Chhetri ◽  
Chiranjibi P Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Palatable Species

Limited information is available on the species composition, above ground biomass and its relations to grazing in a trans-Himalayan rangeland. Its assessment is essential for long term conservation and management. In the present study, we compared species composition, phenology, diversity index and biomass between controlled (without grazing) and open (free grazing) plots to assess the effects of grazing in the selected experimental sites of Upper Mustang during July and November 2005. Species encountered were classified as high, medium, low and non palatable and in three life form categories-grasses, shrubs and forbs. The experimental sites are dominated by forbs (80%) followed by grasses (15%) and shrubs (5%). Disturbance caused by grazing affects the phenological characteristics of the plant community. Result also reveals that species diversity, maximum possible diversity, evenness and species richness was higher in the grazed plots during July and November. A comparison of the aboveground biomass in July showed that mean percentage biomass of high, medium and low palatable species is higher in ungrazed plots. In November, the percentage biomass of only medium palatable species was higher in ungrazed plots and rest of the category is higher in grazed plots. Significant difference in July, a peak growing seasons for most of the plant species in the region reveals that the pasture has impact of livestock grazing. Keywords: Biomass, diversity, grazing effect, rangeland, species Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.25-31

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