scholarly journals Morphology and ultrastructure of salivary glands of male treehopper Tricentrus brunneus Funkhouser (Hemiptera: Membracoidea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Haiying Zhong ◽  
Yalin Zhang ◽  
Cong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Gland Duct

The salivary glands of male treehopper Tricentrus brunneus Funkhouser comprise a pair of acinous principal glands each with an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe; a pair of elbow-shaped accessory glands. Every accessory gland connects with the principal gland via a thin accessory salivary duct. The anterior lobe contains three types of acini (I, II and III), whereas the posterior lobe possesses only one type of acinus (IV). Two efferent salivary ducts fuse into a common salivary duct. Different acinis cells are filled with secretory granules that are distinct in size, number, shape and electron-density, indicating a maturation process before secreted. Infoldings in different acini suggest dilution of substances before being secreted. The presence of microvilli in acinus IV and the accessory gland duct possibly indicates the undergoing maturation of secretions. Electron-dense fine granules existed in the accessory gland cells, possibly related to virus transmission.

scholarly journals The Physiological Division of Labour in the Salivary Glands of Oncopeltus F Asciatus (Dall.) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Miles
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Sulphydryl Groups ◽  
Sheath Material

The physical and chemical characteristics of the contents of the different lobes of the salivary glands of O. fasciatu8 are compared with the characteristics of the two types of salivary secretion: namely the solid "stylet sheath" and the liquid "watery saliva". It is concluded that the anterior lobe contributes most of the sulphydryl groups that form the disulphide bonds in the sheath material, but that the lateral lobe provides most of the bulk of the sheath; that the posterior lobe contributes the digestive enzymes found in the watery saliva; that the accessory gland secretes water that can dilute the watery saliva; and that the accessory gland also provides the polyphenol oxidase that is sometimes found in the watery saliva and is always secreted along with the sheath material. Surgical isolation of the accessory gland gave no positive information on the function of the polyphenol oxidase.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of salivary glands in Psammotettix alienus Dahlbom (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) infected with Taastrup virus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorben Lundsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Type I ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Gland Type

SummaryTaastrup virus (TV) is a novel virus belonging to Mononegavirales and with filovirus-like morphology. In adult Psammotettix alienus infected with TV, the highest concentration of virus particles was found in salivary glands, consisting of a principal gland (type I-VI-cells) and an accessory gland. Examination of thin sections revealed enveloped particles, about 1300 nm long and 62 nm in diameter, located singly or in paracrystalline arrays in canaliculi of type III- and IV-cells. In gland cells with TV particles in canaliculi, granular masses up to 15 micrometer in diameter are present in the cytoplasm. These masses are believed to be viroplasms, the sites for viral replication. TV particles were observed at the connection between a canaliculus and the salivary duct system.

The Morphology and Physiology of the Salivary Glands of Hemiptera-Heteroptera

1941 ◽  
Vol s2-83 (329) ◽  
pp. 91-139
Author(s):  
B. A. BAPTIST
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Glandular Epithelium ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Axial Canal

The salivary glands of the Heteroptera consist of a pair of primarily bilobed principal glands and accessory glands which vary very greatly in form and structure in different families. The glands are usually supplied with tracheae, and the principal glands are invested by a nervous plexus which is supplied by a glandular nerve from the hypocerebral ganglion of the stomatogastric system. The principal salivary gland of Notonecta is characterized by the presence of large cells having zymogen granules and by the storage of fluid secretion in vacuoles. In contrast, most of the remaining Heteropteran salivary glands belong to the vesicular type, having a one-layered glandular epithelium made up of small cells which discharge their secretion into a large central storage cavity or axial canal. This type of gland lacks zymogen granules but has small dense masses of reserve material in the basal or outer parts of the cells. There is normally no difference in the structure of the glandular epithelium in the different lobes. The accessory glands are either in the form of a thin-walled bladder-like vesicle, or are tubular or duct-like; they seem to be purely a development of the primary conducting glandular system, and are thus homologous with the salivary reservoir of other orders. All the information obtained in this work is strongly against the idea that the various lobes of Hemipterous salivary glands produce widely different chemical substances, each with a special function. The results obtained by Fauré-Fremiet have not been confirmed. Except with blood-sucking forms digestive enzymes were always found in the glands, two enzymes being the maximum number found in any particular gland. The enzymes were found to be always related to the type of food consumed, and were those concerned with the digestion of that particular component of the food which was present in the greatest proportion. In no case was a cellulase found. An anti-coagulant principle was found to be present in the glands of blood-sucking forms. The accessory glands appear to produce only a watery secretion, enzymes being absent. The pH of the principal gland is generally slightly acid, while that of the accessory gland is neutral. Mitochondria and Golgi bodies typical of insect tissue are present in certain glands, but show no relation to the secretion granules, and thus do not appear to contribute to secretion synthesis. From a number of experiments it appears that the action of the digestive enzymes is not sufficiently rapid for external digestion to take place to any great extent. It seems, however, certain that quite an appreciable quantity of the injected saliva is imbibed again, and that the salivary digestion continues in the stomach, where the food taken in is first stored. The pH activity range of the enzymes is in general wide.

FUNCTIONS OF THE MALE ACCESSORY GLAND SECRETIONS OF AEDES MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE): TRANSPLANTATION STUDIES

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramalingam ◽  
G. B. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractIn Aedes aegypti, the ’matrone’ substance which caused mating inhibition and stimulated oviposition in females, was present in the anterior secretory region of the male accessory glands. In the divided accessory glands of male A. triseriatus, however, it was present in the posterior glands. The posterior gland substance in A. triseriatus was not species specific. It stimulated oviposition in A. aegypti and caused mating inhibition in A. atropalpus. The secretory substance of the posteriormost region in the glands of both species of mosquitoes was mucin in nature. This mucin substance effectively glued the secretory granules of the anterior region(s).

scholarly journals The Anatomy and Ultrastructure of the Digestive Tract and Salivary Glands of Hishimonus lamellatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Dai ◽  
Baodong Yang ◽  
Jinzhong Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Midgut Epithelium ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Luminal Membrane

AbstractIn recent years, we found that Hishimonus lamellatus Cai et Kuoh is a potential vector of jujube witches’-broom phytoplasma. However, little is known about the anatomy and histology of this leafhopper. Here, we examined histology and ultrastructure of the digestive system of H. lamellatus, both by dissecting and by semi- and ultrathin sectioning techniques. We found that the H. lamellatus digestive tract consists of an esophagus, a filter chamber, a conical midgut and midgut loop, Malpighian tubules, an ileum, and a rectum. Furthermore, both the basal region of the filter chamber epithelium and the apical surface of the midgut epithelium have developed microvilli. We also identify the perimicrovillar membrane, which ensheaths the microvilli of midgut loop enterocyte, and the flame-like luminal membrane, which covers the microvilli of the conical midgut epithelium. In addition, H. lamellatus has the principal and accessory salivary glands. Our observations also showed that the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and secretory granules were all highly abundant in the secretory cells of the principal salivary glands, while the accessory glands consist of only one ovate or elbow-like acinus. We also briefly contrast the structure of the gut of H. lamellatus with those of other leafhopper species. These results intend to offer help for the future study on the histological and subcellular levels of phytopathogen–leafhopper relationships, including transmission barriers and the binding sites of pathogens and other microorganisms within their leafhopper vectors.

Preliminary Localization of a Cell Type-Specific Antigen in the Accessory Glands of the Male Mealworm Beetle by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
C.S. Bricker ◽  
K.A. Grimnes ◽  
G.M. Happ
Keyword(s):  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Mealworm Beetle ◽  
Single Cell Type

The reproductive accessory gland complex of male Tenebrio molitor consists of two sets of paired glands: the bean-shaped (BAGs) and the tubular-shaped accessory glands (TAGs). Unlike the TAG, which contains a single cell type, the BAG contains at least seven cell types differentiated by the ultrastructure of their secretory granules. The BAG also synthesizes a wider variety of proteins. As the gland becomes mature, granules are secreted into the lumen of the BAG, forming the plug, and are molded into the spermatophore, a complex structure used to transmit sperm to the female during mating. Up to this point it has been difficult to correlate individual protein species with specific granule types. Therefore, we have turned to monoclonal antibody technology and immunoelectron microscopy to investigate the production, localization and fate of BAG and spermatophore proteins.

A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE SECRETIONS IN THE PRINCIPAL SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE LARGE MILKWEED BUG, ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS (DALLAS)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Salkeld
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Milkweed Bug ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Each lobe of the trilobed principal salivary gland of the adult large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), contains a chemically different secreted product. Histochemical tests suggest that the secretion of the anterior lobe is composed of muco- or glyco-protein and neutral mucopolysaccharide. The secretion of the lateral lobe is mainly lipoproteinaceous, while that of the posterior lobe appears to be a mucoprotein. It is suggested that the secretion of the anterior lobe may form the stylet sheath; the secretions of the posterior and lateral lobes are more likely to have a digestive function.

On the content of prolan in the pituitary gland

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-634
Author(s):  
P. Badul
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Lobe

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in a bull is free of prolan, while in a human it contains prolan. Only here it can be found in that part of the posterior pituitary lobe adjacent to the anterior lobe. In the bull, too, this part of the pituitary gland is completely free of prolan content. Histological examination shows that in humans, this part of the posterior lobe is crossed by bands of cells from the anterior lobe, which consist exclusively of basophilic cells.

Adaptation to Visuomotor Rotation and Force Field Perturbation Is Correlated to Different Brain Areas in Patients With Cerebellar Degeneration

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1961-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rabe ◽  
O. Livne ◽  
E. R. Gizewski ◽  
V. Aurich ◽  
A. Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Field ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Visuomotor Rotation ◽  
Dynamic Errors ◽  
And Gender

Although it is widely agreed that the cerebellum is necessary for learning and consolidation of new motor tasks, it is not known whether adaptation to kinematic and dynamic errors is processed by the same cerebellar areas or whether different parts play a decisive role. We investigated arm movements in a visuomotor (VM) rotation and a force field (FF) perturbation task in 14 participants with cerebellar degeneration and 14 age- and gender-matched controls. Magnetic resonance images were used to calculate the volume of cerebellar areas (medial, intermediate, and lateral zones of the anterior and posterior lobes) and to identify cerebellar structure important for the two tasks. Corroborating previous studies, cerebellar participants showed deficits in adaptation to both tasks compared with controls ( P < 0.001). However, it was not possible to draw conclusions from the performance in one task on the performance in the other task because an individual participant could show severe impairment in one task and perform relatively well in the other (ρ = 0.1; P = 0.73). We found that atrophy of distinct cerebellar areas correlated with impairment in different tasks. Whereas atrophy of the intermediate and lateral zone of the anterior lobe correlated with impairment in the FF task (ρ = 0.72, 0.70; P = 0.003, 0.005, respectively), atrophy of the intermediate zone of the posterior lobe correlated with adaptation deficits in the VM task (ρ = 0.64; P = 0.015). Our results suggest that adaptation to the different tasks is processed independently and relies on different cerebellar structures.

Spinocerebellar projection in the meander tail mutant mouse: organization in the granular posterior lobe and the agranular anterior lobe

1991 ◽  
Vol 558 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Eisenman ◽  
Lauren E. Arlinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Mouse ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe
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