scholarly journals Ultrastructure of salivary glands in Psammotettix alienus Dahlbom (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) infected with Taastrup virus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorben Lundsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Type I ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Gland Type

SummaryTaastrup virus (TV) is a novel virus belonging to Mononegavirales and with filovirus-like morphology. In adult Psammotettix alienus infected with TV, the highest concentration of virus particles was found in salivary glands, consisting of a principal gland (type I-VI-cells) and an accessory gland. Examination of thin sections revealed enveloped particles, about 1300 nm long and 62 nm in diameter, located singly or in paracrystalline arrays in canaliculi of type III- and IV-cells. In gland cells with TV particles in canaliculi, granular masses up to 15 micrometer in diameter are present in the cytoplasm. These masses are believed to be viroplasms, the sites for viral replication. TV particles were observed at the connection between a canaliculus and the salivary duct system.

Pathology Consultation Low-Grade and High-Grade Adenocarcinomas of the Salivary Duct System

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Batsakis ◽  
Mario A. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
Major Salivary Glands

Adenocarcinomas of salivary glands are encountered less frequently than adenoid cystic or mucoepidermoid carcinomas. They fall into two well-defined clinicopathologic groups: 1) those arising from intercalated ducts and 2) those from the excretory and interlobular ducts. The former, designated terminal duct adenocarcinomas, are low-grade malignancies found preponderantly in the oral cavity, especially the palate. The latter, designated salivary duct carcinomas, are high-grade neoplasms and arise almost exclusively in major salivary glands, especially the parotid gland.

scholarly journals Morphology and ultrastructure of salivary glands of male treehopper Tricentrus brunneus Funkhouser (Hemiptera: Membracoidea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Haiying Zhong ◽  
Yalin Zhang ◽  
Cong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Gland Duct

The salivary glands of male treehopper Tricentrus brunneus Funkhouser comprise a pair of acinous principal glands each with an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe; a pair of elbow-shaped accessory glands. Every accessory gland connects with the principal gland via a thin accessory salivary duct. The anterior lobe contains three types of acini (I, II and III), whereas the posterior lobe possesses only one type of acinus (IV). Two efferent salivary ducts fuse into a common salivary duct. Different acinis cells are filled with secretory granules that are distinct in size, number, shape and electron-density, indicating a maturation process before secreted. Infoldings in different acini suggest dilution of substances before being secreted. The presence of microvilli in acinus IV and the accessory gland duct possibly indicates the undergoing maturation of secretions. Electron-dense fine granules existed in the accessory gland cells, possibly related to virus transmission.

Intraductal pressure during sialendoscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (10) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Luers ◽  
M Ortmann ◽  
D Beutner ◽  
K B Hüttenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
Irrigation Fluid ◽  
Direct Damage

AbstractBackground:Sialendoscopy can be followed by swelling and infection of the salivary gland. A possible pathomechanism is damage of the deeper salivary duct system by intraductal pressure generated by the irrigation fluid.Method:After measuring the physiological intraductal pressures which arise during sialendoscopy, these pressures were simulated in freshly excised salivary glands and the tissue was analysed histologically.Results:Normal intraductal filling pressure during sialendoscopy is 100–250 daPa, and pressure peaks can be up to 2000 daPa during flushing. A filling pressure of more than 400 daPa results in dilatation of the salivary ducts and acinar area. No direct damage to any duct structures could be observed histologically.Conclusion:Irrigation fluid should be administered intermittently rather than continuously during sialendoscopy. The intraductal filling pressure should not exceed 400 daPa to minimise the trauma to the salivary duct system and reduce the risk of developing oedema and inflammation.

scholarly journals Water absorption through salivary gland type I acini in the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghun Kim ◽  
Paulina Maldonado-Ruiz ◽  
Ludek Zurek ◽  
Yoonseong Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Type I ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands ◽  
Gland Type

Tick salivary glands play critical roles in maintaining water balance for survival, as they eliminate excess water and ions during blood feeding on hosts. In the long duration of fasting in the off-host period, ticks secrete hygroscopic saliva into the mouth cavity to uptake atmospheric water vapor. Type I acini of tick salivary glands are speculated to be involved in secretion of hygroscopic saliva based on ultrastructure studies. However, we recently proposed that type I acini play a role in resorption of water/ions from the primary saliva produced by other salivary acini (i.e., types II and III) during the tick blood feeding phase. In this study, we tested the function of type I acini in unfed female Ixodes scapularis. The route of ingested water was tracked after forced feeding of water with fluorescent dye rhodamine123. We found that type-I acini of the salivary glands, but not type II and III, are responsible for water uptake. In addition, the ingestion of water through the midgut was also observed. Injection or feeding of ouabain, a Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, suppressed water absorption in type I acini. When I. scapularis was offered a droplet of water, ticks rarely imbibed water directly (5%), while some approached the water droplet to use the high humidity formed in the vicinity of the droplet (23%). We conclude that during both on- and off-host stages, type I acini in salivary glands of female Ixodes scapularis absorb water and ions.

Dermal Eccrine Cylindroma

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 991-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Batsakis
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Malignant Change ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
High Grade Carcinoma

Certain dermal appendage tumors have a striking histologic and clinical homology with some tumors arising from the salivary duct system. The dermal eccrine cylindroma is an exemplar. Arising from the eccrine ducts, this neoplasm is only occasionally found outside the head and neck, has a recurrence rate of over 40%, and in its malignant form is a high-grade carcinoma. Its counterpart in salivary glands the dermal analogue tumor, manifests a histologic similarity, if not identity, also has a relatively high recurrence rate, and can also undergo malignant change.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

Studies of a Defective Measles Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
R. M. McCombs ◽  
M. Benyesh-Melnick ◽  
J. P. Brunschwig
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Helical Structures ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Extracellular Virus ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusions

Measles virus is an agent that is capable of replicating in a number of different culture cells and generally causes the formation of multinucleated giant cells. As a result of infection, virus is released from the cells into the culture fluids and reinfection can be initiated by this cell-free virus. The extracellular virus has been examined by negative staining with phosphotungstic acid and has been shown to be a rather pleomorphic particle with a diameter of about 140 mμ. However, no such virus particles have been detected in thin sections of the infected cells. Rather, the only virus-induced structures present in the giant cells are eosinophilic inclusions (intracytoplasmic or intranuclear). These inclusion bodies have been shown to contain helical structures, resembling the nucleocapsid observed in negatively stained preparations.

Localization of Chromogranins, Non-neuron-specific Enolase, and Different Forms of Somatostatins in the Submandibular Salivary Glands of Mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Letić-Gavrilović ◽  
K. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Chromogranin B ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands

The localizations of chromogranins A, B, and C, neuron-specific enolase (NSE, γγ-type) and non-NSE (αα-type), and different forms of somatostatins were immunocytochemically identified. The localizations were compared with those of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of male mice at five to six weeks of age, with use of a variety of antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) detection methods. In the SMG of male mice, the major chromogranin present was chromogranin A, whereas chromogranins B and C were not detected at these ages by either method. Chromogranin Alike immunoreactivity was located in the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the SMG, whereas non-NSE immunoreactivity was observed throughout the duct system and in some acinar-associated cells. NSE was not detected in any part of the SMG. The distribution of chromogranin A and somatostatins in the GCT cells was similar to that of EGF and NGF. Our results strongly suggest that chromogranin A and somatostatins, but not chromogranin B or C, may be useful as a means of differentiation of the cells in the duct system of the SMG responsible for the production of biologically-active factors.

scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Immunogold Localization of Salivary Mucins MG1 and MG2 in Human Submandibular and Sublingual Glands

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Piludu ◽  
Sean A. Rayment ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Gwynneth D. Offner ◽  
Frank G. Oppenheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Dense Cores ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Lowicryl K4m

The human salivary mucins MG1 and MG2 are well characterized biochemically and functionally. However, there is disagreement regarding their cellular and glandular sources. The aim of this study was to define the localization and distribution of these two mucins in human salivary glands using a postembedding immunogold labeling method. Normal salivary glands obtained at surgery were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde-0.1% glutaraldehyde and embedded in Lowicryl K4M or LR Gold resin. Thin sections were labeled with rabbit antibodies to MG1 or to an N-terminal synthetic peptide of MG2, followed by gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG. The granules of all mucous cells of the submandibular and sublingual glands were intensely reactive with anti-MG1. No reaction was detected in serous cells. With anti-MG2, the granules of both mucous and serous cells showed reactivity. The labeling was variable in both cell types, with mucous cells exhibiting a stronger reaction in some glands and serous cells in others. In serous granules, the electron-lucent regions were more reactive than the dense cores. Intercalated duct cells near the acini displayed both MG1 and MG2 reactivity in their apical granules. In addition, the basal and lateral membranes of intercalated duct cells were labeled with anti-MG2. These results confirm those of earlier studies on MG1 localization in mucous cells and suggest that MG2 is produced by both mucous and serous cells. They also indicate differences in protein expression patterns among salivary serous cells.

scholarly journals INTRACELLULAR FORMS OF POX VIRUSES AS SHOWN BY THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (VACCINIA, ECTROMELIA, MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM)

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Gaylord ◽  
Joseph L. Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Molluscum Contagiosum ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Typical Inclusion ◽  
Mature Virus

The intracellular development of three pox viruses has been studied with the electron microscope using thin sections of infected tissue. Cells infected with vaccinia, ectromelia, and molluscum contagiosum viruses all form developmental bodies preliminary to the production of mature virus. Developmental bodies, believed to be virus precursors, are round to oval, slightly larger than mature virus particles, less dense to electrons, and have a more varied morphology. It is suggested as a working hypothesis that the process of maturation of a virus particle takes place as follows. In the earliest form the developmental bodies appear as hollow spheres, imbedded in a very dense cytoplasmic mass constituting an inclusion body, or in a less dense matrix near the nucleus in cells without typical inclusion bodies. The spheres become filled with a homogeneous material of low electron density. A small, dense granule appears in each developmental body and grows in size at the expense of the low density material. Following growth of the granule, particles are found with the dimensions of mature virus and having complex internal structure resembling bars or dumbells. Mature virus is ovoid and very dense to electrons. An "empty" interior may be found within its thick walls.

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