The Light Field And The Scope Of Light Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Budak ◽  
Julian B. Aizenberg
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Single Section ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Effective Development

For centuries, light has been produced to enable the human visual system to operate but, today, light is being used for an increasing number of non-visual, technical purposes. Examples include plant growth, remote sensing, electricity generation, and communication. This paper discusses the theoretical foundation of such technical applications of light and shows that it is completely identical to the fundamentals of lighting. The foundation is the theory of the light field, which is generated by the interaction of the radiation field with a quadratic (energy) receiver. Within its range of applicability, the theory of the light field is complete and closed. As a result, the light field provides a unified theoretical base for lighting systems and the technical application of light. This creates the basis for combining them into a single section of science and technology, which will ensure their effective development and application.

scholarly journals Phytotyping 4D : a light‐field imaging system for non‐invasive and accurate monitoring of spatio‐temporal plant growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Apelt ◽  
David Breuer ◽  
Zoran Nikoloski ◽  
Mark Stitt ◽  
Friedrich Kragler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Light Field Imaging ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Field Imaging

Canopy structure and imaging geometry may create unique problems during spectral reflectance measurements of crop canopies in bioregenerative advanced life support systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Schuerger ◽  
Kenneth L. Copenhaver ◽  
David Lewis ◽  
Russell Kincaid ◽  
George May
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Plant Canopies ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

AbstractHuman exploration missions to the Moon or Mars might be helped by the development of a bioregenerative advanced life-support (ALS) system that utilizes higher plants to regenerate water, oxygen and food. In order to make bioregenerative ALS systems competitive to physiochemical life-support systems, the ‘equivalent system mass’ (ESM) must be reduced by as much as possible. One method to reduce the ESM of a bioregenerative ALS system would be to deploy an automated remote sensing system within plant production modules to monitor crop productivity and disease outbreaks. The current study investigated the effects of canopy structure and imaging geometries on the efficiency of measuring the spectral reflectance of individual plants and crop canopies in a simulated ALS system. Results indicate that canopy structure, shading artefacts and imaging geometries are likely to create unique challenges in developing an automated remote sensing system for ALS modules. The cramped quarters within ALS plant growth units will create problems in collecting spectral reflectance measurements from the nadir position (i.e. directly above plant canopies) and, thus, crop canopies likely will be imaged from a diversity of orientations relative to the primary illumination source. In general, highly reflective white or polished surfaces will be used within an ALS plant growth module to maximize the stray light that is reflected onto plant canopies. Initial work suggested that these highly reflective surfaces might interfere with the collection of spectral reflectance measurements of plants, but the use of simple remote sensing algorithms such as 760/685 band ratios or normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images greatly reduced the effects of the reflective backgrounds. A direct comparison of 760/685 and NDVI images from canopies of lettuce, pepper and tomato plants indicated that unique models of individual plants are going to be required to properly assess the health conditions of canopies. A mixed model of all three plant species was not effective in predicting plant stress using either the 760/685 or NDVI remote sensing algorithms.

scholarly journals Expanding understanding of optical variability in Lake Superior with a four-year dataset

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen B. Mouw ◽  
Audrey B. Ciochetto ◽  
Brice Grunert ◽  
Angela Yu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Variable Light ◽  
Biogeochemical Parameters ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract. Lake Superior is one of the largest freshwater lakes on our planet, but few optical observations have been made to allow for development and validation of visible spectral satellite remote sensing products. The dataset described here focuses on coincidently observing inherent and apparent optical properties along with biogeochemical parameters. Specifically, we observe remote sensing reflectance, absorption, scattering, backscattering, attenuation, chlorophyll concentration, and suspended particulate matter over the ice-free months of 2013–2016. The dataset substantially increases the optical knowledge of the lake. In addition to visible spectral satellite algorithm development, the dataset is valuable for characterizing the variable light field, particle, phytoplankton, and colored dissolved organic matter distributions, and helpful in food web and carbon cycle investigations, among others. The compiled data can be freely accessed at: https://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/URI/Mouw/LakeSuperior/.

Co-substitution in Ca1−xYxAl12−xMgxO19phosphors: local structure evolution, photoluminescence tuning and application for plant growth LEDs

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 4217-4224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinjian Zheng ◽  
Haiming Zhang ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Zhiguo Xia ◽  
Yingliang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Red Emission ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Uv Excitation

Compounds prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction method exhibit red to far-red emission under UV excitation. Therefore, these compounds have potential as supplemental or sole-source lighting systems for plant growth.

scholarly journals Plant Productivity in Response to LED Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1951-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioia D. Massa ◽  
Hyeon-Hye Kim ◽  
Raymond M. Wheeler ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Kennedy Space

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have tremendous potential as supplemental or sole-source lighting systems for crop production both on and off earth. Their small size, durability, long operating lifetime, wavelength specificity, relatively cool emitting surfaces, and linear photon output with electrical input current make these solid-state light sources ideal for use in plant lighting designs. Because the output waveband of LEDs (single color, nonphosphor-coated) is much narrower than that of traditional sources of electric lighting used for plant growth, one challenge in designing an optimum plant lighting system is to determine wavelengths essential for specific crops. Work at NASA's Kennedy Space Center has focused on the proportion of blue light required for normal plant growth as well as the optimum wavelength of red and the red/far-red ratio. The addition of green wavelengths for improved plant growth as well as for visual monitoring of plant status has been addressed. Like with other light sources, spectral quality of LEDs can have dramatic effects on crop anatomy and morphology as well as nutrient uptake and pathogen development. Work at Purdue University has focused on geometry of light delivery to improve energy use efficiency of a crop lighting system. Additionally, foliar intumescence developing in the absence of ultraviolet light or other less understood stimuli could become a serious limitation for some crops lighted solely by narrow-band LEDs. Ways to prevent this condition are being investigated. Potential LED benefits to the controlled environment agriculture industry are numerous and more work needs to be done to position horticulture at the forefront of this promising technology.

Study on the Supply and Demand Balance of Large-Scale Biogas Project Funds Based on System Dynamics

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 466-470
Author(s):  
Li Li Wang ◽  
Kang Ni Cai
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Optimal Analysis ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Commercial Operation

With the application and promotion of large-scale biogas project, economic analysis and evaluation of large-scale biogas project are particularly important. However, the benefits of biogas project embodied in the economic, social, ecological, and many other aspects have dispersion, which leads to production decisions in a gray state and investment in conformity. In this paper, Great Northern Wilderness beef cattle industry in Heilongjiang province is taken as an example for large-scale biogas electricity generation project. The supply and demand of funds in project operation are analyzed quantitatively by using system dynamics theory so as to do study and perform optimal analysis comprehensively on the economics of biogas project, and to explore the effective scheme of improving the proportion of income against cost. This study can provide scientific guidance for evaluating the construction and operation of large and medium-scale biogas project objectively and lay a solid theoretical foundation for the commercial operation in biogas industry.

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