Potential of Energy Savings in the Public Housing Stock of Comunitat Valenciana Region by Applying the MedZEB Cost-Optimal Methodology

Improving energy efficiency in buildings has a key role to play in achieving the ambitious goal of EU-wide climate neutrality by 2050, set out in the European Green Deal. This paper describes a cost-optimal analysis of residential buildings of Valencian Community, Spain. Thus, an assessment of the contribution of total primary energy savings per year (MW/h) of the social dwellings managed by EVha, Entitat Valenciana d’Habitatge i Sòl (eng. Valencian entity for dwelling and ground) towards the national contribution is presented in this paper. To assess it, the MedZEB cost-optimal methodology has been applied to optimise the performance of the building’s envelope. This means that Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis have been applied to obtain the Packages of Optimal Solutions of the different reference buildings in a reference climate. First, the renovation scenario with 100% of the building stock being renovated has been calculated. Then, the renovation scenario of 1%, being the current European rate of renovation and, finally the renovation scenario of 2%, given that the objective of the Renovation Wave is to at least double the annual energy renovation rate of residential and non-residential buildings by 2030 and to foster deep energy renovations.

Do longitudinal orthodontic trials use appropriate statistical analyses? A meta-epidemiological study

Summary Background In orthodontic trials, longitudinal designs with multiple outcome measurements over time are common. The aim of this epidemiological study was to examine whether optimal statistical analysis approaches have been used in longitudinal orthodontic trials. Methods Pubmed was searched in August 2021 for longitudinal orthodontic trials with at least three time points of outcome assessment published in the 2017–20 period. Study selection and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate. The analysis approaches undertaken were tabulated and associations between study characteristics and the use of optimal analysis or not were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Results One hundred forty-seven out of 563 unique records were deemed eligible for inclusion. Only 26.50% of these trials used an optimal statistical analysis for longitudinal data where the data structure is accounted for. None of the study characteristics except the statistical significance of the results were associated with the appropriateness of the statistical analysis. The odds of significant results in studies with suboptimal analyses were higher than that in studies with optimal longitudinal analyses (odds ratio: 3.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.62, 7.46, P = 0.001). For the studies with optimal analysis, the most frequent test was repeated-measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). The reporting of the statistical analysis section was suboptimal in the majority of the trials. Conclusion Most longitudinal orthodontic trials are not analysed using optimal statistical approaches. Inferences and interpretation of their results are likely to be compromised.

Optimal Attitude Maneuvering Analyses for Imaging at Squint Staring and Sliding Spotlight Modes of SAR Satellite

In this study, we analyzed the imaging maneuver time, retargeting maneuver time, and attitude maneuvering characteristics in the imaging section (Phase 1) and retargeting maneuver section (Phase 2) when taking multiple-target images in squint spotlight mode in a single pass of a passive SAR satellite. In particular, the synthetic aperture time and attitude maneuvering characteristics in the staring and sliding spotlight modes that can image the wider swath width while maintaining high resolution were compared and analyzed. In the sliding spotlight mode, the rotation center was located below the ground surface when the satellite was maneuvering towards the target. Steering and sliding maneuvers were performed when targeting, and the synthetic aperture time of the sliding spotlight was longer than that of the staring spotlight because overlapping imaging was performed on the point target. The satellite maneuvering during imaging can be considered as a time-fixed problem, because it was performed within synthetic aperture time according to resolution, incidence angle, swath width, etc., by minimizing the Doppler centroid variation. In order to optimize the retargeting maneuver time, an optimal analysis of the attitude maneuvering was carried out and the validity of the optimal analysis algorithm was confirmed. Finally, the scenario was analyzed by assuming a problem of imaging four targets with 5 × 5 km swath width in a 20 km × 20 km densely populated area. It was confirmed that if a squint angle of ±12 degrees is provided in a single pass, four high resolution images of 5 km × 5 km can be imaged in the sliding spotlight mode.

Optimal analysis of TSM fitting considering contact interface TECs of meshing gears

The pre-research project aims to propose a method of optimizing tooth surface modification (TSM) fitting under thermoelastic lubrication (TEL) conditions to reveal the most popular and concerned mechanism issues in the field of mechanical engineering. This is an exploratory study, mainly considering the gear comprehensive error and TSM state of TEL contact interfaces are extremely harsh, which complicates simulation analysis and optimal design. TSM simulation has fitted numerically agreement with optimized results obtained experimentally, which means that they can, whether isolated or by using a multiscale coupling method, start to be adopted to revise, and verify meta-models for thermoelastic characteristics (TECs) under TEL problems. This subject involves the TSM fitting of the theoretical teeth surface superimposed structure, and performs 3D and diagonal modification optimization design, obtains the modified surface position and normal vectors, according to load teeth contact analysis (LTCA), a variety of optimized modification models are established and complex curved surfaces are analyzed to fit the actual gear teeth surface thermoelastic contact numerical simulation, which has been further demonstrated and expressed in the type experiment combined with actual key working conditions and multiple influencing parameters, which is of great significance to the development of modern gear transmission system.