Mumps, Parotitis, Epidemica

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.33442/vt202140 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heikki Peltola

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Infected Individual ◽

Central Nervous System Involvement ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Live Virus ◽

Serological Data ◽

Parotitis Epidemica ◽

Impact Data ◽

Virus Strains

Like measles, mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus, and it is only a disease of humans. The word "mumps" may relate to an old English term meaning grimace or mumble. Mumps was first described by Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) in his book “Epidemics”, where he noted the presence of swelling around the ears and painful swelling of the testes. Central nervous system involvement was published by R Hamilton in 1790 in Scotland. Being less contagious than measles, an infected individual may still transmit mumps to 10-12 susceptible persons from 3-4 days before onset until 2 days after the onset of symptoms. Several live virus strains were developed as vaccine strains. Jeryl Lynn and its derivative RIT-4385 are in wide use in industrialized countries, L-Zagreb in the non-industrialized world. As the interpretation of serological data is not well understood the clinical value of mumps vaccines is evaluated on the basis of impact data only.

Download Full-text

Future perspectives on swine viral vaccines: where are we headed?

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-020-00179-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tanja Opriessnig ◽

Ashley A. Mattei ◽

Anbu K. Karuppannan ◽

Patrick G. Halbur

Keyword(s):

Fifteenth Century ◽

Molecular Engineering ◽

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽

Herd Health ◽

Live Virus ◽

Nucleic Acid Vaccines ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Viral Vaccines ◽

Virus Strains ◽

British Physician

AbstractDeliberate infection of humans with smallpox, also known as variolation, was a common practice in Asia and dates back to the fifteenth century. The world’s first human vaccination was administered in 1796 by Edward Jenner, a British physician. One of the first pig vaccines, which targeted the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, was introduced in 1883 in France by Louis Pasteur. Since then vaccination has become an essential part of pig production, and viral vaccines in particular are essential tools for pig producers and veterinarians to manage pig herd health. Traditionally, viral vaccines for pigs are either based on attenuated-live virus strains or inactivated viral antigens. With the advent of genomic sequencing and molecular engineering, novel vaccine strategies and tools, including subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, became available and are being increasingly used in pigs. This review aims to summarize recent trends and technologies available for the production and use of vaccines targeting pig viruses.

Download Full-text

Central Nervous System Vasculitis as a Rare Presentation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A Case Report

Case Reports in Neurology ◽

10.1159/000510632 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 402-409

Author(s):

Ashraf Omer Elamin Ahmed ◽

Mona Mohammad Ibraheem Babikir ◽

Amir Elssoni Mahjoup Khojali ◽

Suresh Nalaka Menik Arachchige ◽

Abdirahman Mohamud Abdirahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Central Nervous System Involvement ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Central Nervous System Vasculitis ◽

Rare Presentation ◽

Systemic Involvement ◽

Tract Infections

<i>Mycobacteria pneumoniae</i> (MP) commonly causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The clinical manifestation is classified as pulmonary and extrapulmonary. These manifestations vary according to the involved system. MP may affect one system or more at a time. Commonly prodromal respiratory symptoms precede systemic involvement. Central nervous system involvement in uncommon. This report is presenting a rare case of central nervous system vasculitis secondary to MP, highlighting the diagnosis and management with a succinct literature review.

Download Full-text

Acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM) associated with choroidal melanoma

International Journal of Retina and Vitreous ◽

10.1186/s40942-021-00300-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aluisio Rosa Gameiro Filho ◽

Guilherme Sturzeneker ◽

Ever Ernesto Caso Rodriguez ◽

André Maia ◽

Melina Correia Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Serous Retinal Detachment ◽

Central Nervous System Involvement ◽

Choroidal Melanoma ◽

Posterior Pole ◽

Pancreatic Metastasis ◽

Small Areas ◽

History Of ◽

The Right

Abstract Background To report a case of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy in a patient with a history of choroidal melanoma, with metastases to the pancreas, liver, and central nervous system. Case presentation A 63-year-old patient, with a history of enucleation of the right eye due to choroidal melanoma, complained of progressive visual loss during a follow-up visit. Fundoscopic examination revealed multiple small areas of serous retinal detachment scattered throughout the posterior pole and ancillary tests confirmed the diagnosis of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM). Screening for systemic metastases showed pancreatic, hepatic, and central nervous system involvement. Conclusions We describe a rare case of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy, which should be considered in patients with or without a history of melanoma, who have vitelliform retinal detachments. Nevertheless, no previous reviews of literature have shown a correlation between AEPPVM and pancreatic metastasis.

Download Full-text

Treatment of secondary central nervous system involvement in systemic aggressive B cell lymphoma using R-MIADD chemotherapy: a single-center study

Chinese Neurosurgical Journal ◽

10.1186/s41016-021-00238-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuchen Wu ◽

Xuefei Sun ◽

Xueyan Bai ◽

Jun Qian ◽

Hong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Central Nervous System Involvement ◽

Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

High Dose ◽

Cns Involvement ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Secondary Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) is defined as lymphoma involvement within the central nervous system (CNS) that originated elsewhere, or a CNS relapse of systemic lymphoma. Prognosis of SCNSL is poor and the most appropriate treatment is still undetermined. Methods We conducted a retrospective study to assess the feasibility of an R-MIADD (rituximab, high-dose methotrexate, ifosfamide, cytarabine, liposomal formulation of doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) regimen for SCNSL patients. Results Nineteen patients with newly diagnosed CNS lesions were selected, with a median age of 58 (range 20 to 72) years. Out of 19 patients, 11 (57.9%) achieved complete remission (CR) and 2 (10.5%) achieved partial remission (PR); the overall response rate was 68.4%. The median progression-free survival after CNS involvement was 28.0 months (95% confidence interval 11.0–44.9), and the median overall survival after CNS involvement was 34.5 months. Treatment-related death occurred in one patient (5.3%). Conclusions These single-centered data underscore the feasibility of an R-MIADD regimen as the induction therapy of SCNSL, further investigation is warranted.

Download Full-text

Serum biomarkers in primary mitochondrial disorders

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcaa222 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin N Varhaug ◽

Omar Hikmat ◽

Hanne Linda Nakkestad ◽

Christian A Vedeler ◽

Laurence A Bindoff

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Mitochondrial Disease ◽

Central Nervous System Involvement ◽

Mitochondrial Disorders ◽

Serum Biomarkers ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Mitochondrial Dna Deletion ◽

Muscle Involvement

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the utility of the serum biomarkers neurofilament light chain (NF-L), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in diagnosing primary mitochondrial disorders. We measured serum NF-L, FGF-21 and GDF-15 in 26 patients with a genetically proven mitochondrial disease. FGF-21 and GDF-15 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and NF-L with the Simoa assay. NF-L was highest in patients with multisystemic involvement that included the central nervous system such as those with the m.3242A>G mutation. Mean NF-L was also highest in patients with epilepsy versus those without (49.74 pg/ml versus 19.7 pg/ml (p = 0.015)), while FGF-21 and GDF-15 levels were highest in patients with prominent myopathy, such as those with single mitochondrial DNA deletion. Our results suggest that the combination of NF-L, FGF-21 and GDF-15 is useful in the diagnostic evaluation of mitochondrial disease. GDF-15 and FGF-21 identify those with muscle involvement while NF-L is a clear marker for central nervous system involvement independent of underlying mitochondrial pathology. Levels of NF-L appear to correlate with the degree of ongoing damage suggesting, therefore, that monitoring NF-L levels may provide prognostic information and a way of monitoring disease activity.

Download Full-text