Investigation of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic cerebral ischemia

Chronic Conditions ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽

Cardiovascular Pathology ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

The number of scientific studies which proving that the cause of many chronic diseases is the autonomic nervous system dysfunction has increased. The changes in the autonomic nervous system can be detected before the appearance of clinical symptoms. This is the basis of prevention. Reducing the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system and activating the sympathetic nervous system are predictors of arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and others. There are no clear mechanisms for the emergence of hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular pathology. That is why it needs to be studied. And that is why the study of the influence of the autonomic nervous system in chronic conditions is relevant.

Peripheral Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System

10.1093/med/9780199845712.003.0118 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Fisch

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Urinary System ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

System P ◽

Chapter 6 discusses how to draw the peripheral nervous system, specifically the autonomic nervous system, including autonomic fiber arrangements, the parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, the urinary system, and the cardiac reflex.

Sympathetic Blocks

10.2310/anes.18315 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher J. Gilligan ◽

Shafik Boyaji

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Stellate Ganglion ◽

Phantom Pain ◽

Celiac Plexus Block ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Plexus Block ◽

Sympathetic Blocks

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions. It is composed of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems (SNS and PNS, respectively). The sympathetic nervous system, in addition to its vital role as part of the autonomic nervous system and the emergency response, is thought to be involved in numerous pathologic, painful conditions. These conditions are referred to as Sympathetically Mediated Pain (SMP). SMP is often considered a result of a vicious circle of events, which include changes in peripheral and central somatosensory processes. This assumption is based upon the observations that the pain is spatially correlated with signs of autonomic dysfunction, blocking the efferent sympathetic supply to the affected area would relieve the pain. Sympathetic blocks emerged as a way to help diagnose and treat several painful conditions, including complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), phantom pain, neuralgias, herpes zoster, and even fibromyalgia. Additionally, sympathetic blockades have been used to improve perfusion, treat angina and malignant arrhythmias, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This review contains 1 table and 68 references. Key words: Sympathetic nervous system, sympathetically mediated pain, sympathetic blocks, neuropathic pain, chronic pain, stellate ganglion block, celiac plexus block, lumbar sympathetic block, superior hypogastric plexus block

The Autonomic Nervous System

Neuroanatomy ◽

10.1093/med/9780190259587.003.0005 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 117-138

Author(s):

Adam J Fisch

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Cardiac Rhythm ◽

Baroreceptor Reflex ◽

Urinary System ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

System P ◽

Hair Fiber ◽

This chapter provides an overview of the autonomic nervous system and respective instructions for drawing its various components. These include the, parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, lower urinary system, baroreceptor reflex, respiration, and digestive tract. The chapter discusses the various functions of elements of these systems, and it presents conditions and illnesses specifically related to disorders in elements of the autonomic nervous system, such as cardiac rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias), respiratory failure, gut dysmotility, bladder dysmotility, and skin manifestations, such as hair fiber loss and sweating.

3244 The Autonomic Nervous System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Huntington Disease

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2019.132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (s1) ◽

pp. 55-55

Author(s):

Jordan L Schultz ◽

Lyndsay Harshman ◽

John Kamholz ◽

Peggy Nopoulos

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Huntington Disease ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Data Set ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study (1) investigated the presence and severity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in patients with pre-symptomatic Huntington Disease (HD) and (2) determined if pharmacologic manipulation of the ANS could modify the progression of HD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using a unique data set of children at-risk for HD (the Kids-HD study), markers of autonomic function (resting heart rate [rHR], blood pressure [BP], and core body temperature [CBT]) were compared between pre-symptomatic, gene-expanded children (psGE) and healthy developing children using mixed models analyses controlling for sex, age, and body mass index. Included participants had to be < 18 years old and be at least 10 years from their predicted motor diagnosis of HD. Using the Enroll-HD database, inverse-propensity score weighted, Cox Regression analyses investigated the effects of beta-blockers on the timing of motor diagnosis of presymptomatic, adult patients with HD. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, the psGE participants had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean rHR, systolic BP percentile, and CBT compared to the healthy controls (elevated by 4.01 bpm 0.19°C, and 5.96 percentile points, respectively, in the psGE group). Participants from Enroll-HD who were using a beta-blocker prior to motor diagnosis (n=65) demonstrated a significantly lower annualized risk of motor diagnosis [HR=0.56, p=0.03], compared to other participants with HD (n=1972). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Sympathetic nervous system activity is elevated in patients with HD decades prior to their predicted motor diagnosis. Furthermore, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system with beta-blockers significantly lowers the annualized risk of motor diagnosis of HD.

Indirect autonomic nervous system activity assessment in patients with myocardial infarction

European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care ◽

10.1093/ehjacc/zuab020.049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

VA Aleksandrenko ◽

EA Kuzheleva ◽

AA Garganeeva

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽

Beta Adrenergic ◽

System Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Nervous System Activity ◽

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction. Abnormalities in the cardiac sympathetic nervous system have been documented in myocardial infarction (MI) and have been directly implicated in pathogenesis and progression of MI. Assessment of the autonomic nervous system activity in acute stage of MI allowed us to identify groups of high-risk patients. Purpose. To investigate the sympathetic nervous system activity in patients with MI by assessing the condition of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes. To analyze ADRB1 Arg389Gly associations with the state of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes in patients with MI. Methods. During the study period, 62 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 11 patients (nine women and two men, median age of 54.0 [49.0;61.0] years) with normal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes, the second group consisted of 51 patients (40 women and 11 man, median age of 61.0 [48.0;72.0] years) with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes. The research of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes was conducted by analysis of changing erythrocyte osmoresistance under the influence of beta blocker in the first 6 hours from the onset of the heart attack. The genetic research was conducted by PСR method in real time. Results. Groups of patients were comparable in main clinical indicators (anamnesis of ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure, frequency of beta blockers administration before and during of MI, electrocardiography features: elevation of ST-segment, Q-wave and etc.). The second group presented with a higher occurrence of acute left ventricular failure (33.3% vs 0%, p = 0.026) and arterial hypertension (90.2% vs 63.6%, p = 0.044). Parameters of myocardial damage were significantly higher in the second group than the first group. Primarily, this manifested in the presence of a greater number of hypokinesis zones on echocardiography (p = 0.015). In addition, patients of the second group had a lower ejection fraction according to echocardiography (51.0 [46.5;59.0]% vs 58.0 [52.0;63.0]%, p = 0.042). Levels of blood necrosis biomarkers were significantly higher in the second group, e.g. Troponin I (24.1 [9.9;68.0] ng/ml vs 1.3 [0.2;1.8] ng/ml, p = 0.001). At the same time statistically significant distinctions of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in groups were not revealed. The analysis of ADRB1 Arg389Gly demonstrated association of CC-genotype with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes [OR 5.9, 95% СI 1.16-30.25, p = 0.043]. Conclusion. Patients with an abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity were characterized by a greater volume of damage to the heart muscle. Moreover, association of CC-genotype of gene ADRB1 Arg389Gly with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes was identified.

Vegetative disfunction and adaptive reserve potential in children born with fetus growth delay in the first 6 months of life

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped7477-89 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 77-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dmitry O Ivanov ◽

Lyudmila V Kozlova ◽

Vitaly V Derevtsov

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽

System Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Nervous System Activity ◽

Group I ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Group Ii

In the course of the research we assessed the status of the autonomic nervous system and adaptation in infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during the first six months of life. We observed infants born after abnormal pregnancies with IUGR (Group I), infants born after abnormal pregnancies without IUGR (Group II) and virtually healthy infants (without pregnancy and labour complications) in Group III. Despite the complicated medical history, at birth Group I infants displayed the level of sympathetic nervous system activity comparable to the one in Group III infants and lower than the level in Group II infants. However, in Group I infants sympathetic nervous system activity was restricted and compensatory reserves were depleted, sympathicotonia was prevalent. Decrease in frequency of asympathicotonic responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system (from 36.11% to 16.67%) and increase in sufficient adaptation (from 27.78% to 33.33%) in Group I infants by the end of neonatal period of life are related to the treatment of the pregnant women, as we suppose. Despite the fact that by the age of three months the level of sympathetic nervous system activity in Group I infants was lower than that in Group II infants, Group I infants showed less intensive decrease in sympathetic activity level followed by more strain on compensatory reserves. By the age of six months the sympathetic nervous system activity had continued decreasing and was no longer significantly different in Group I and Group II infants. At the same time, Group I infants displayed more frequent hypersympathicotonias combined with asympathicotonic responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system (in 16.36%). The results of the research show that IUGR in infants is connected to high rate of hypersympathicotonia with asympathicotonic responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system, which results in higher frequency and intensity of clinical implications of autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

Immediate Effects of Dry Needling on the Autonomic Nervous System and Mechanical Hyperalgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6018

Author(s):

Irene Lázaro-Navas ◽

Cristina Lorenzo-Sánchez-Aguilera ◽

Daniel Pecos-Martín ◽

Jose Jesús Jiménez-Rejano ◽

Marcos Jose Navarro-Santana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Nervous System ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Mechanical Hyperalgesia ◽

Dry Needling ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Background: Dry needling (DN) is often used for the treatment of muscle pain among physiotherapists. However, little is known about the mechanisms of action by which its effects are generated. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine if the use of DN in healthy subjects activates the sympathetic nervous system, thus resulting in a decrease in pain caused by stress. Methods: Sixty-five healthy volunteer subjects were recruited from the University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain, with an age of 27.78 (SD = 8.41) years. The participants were randomly assigned to participate in a group with deep DN in the adductor pollicis muscle or a placebo needling group. The autonomic nervous system was evaluated, in addition to local and remote mechanical hyperalgesia. Results: In a comparison of the moment at which the needling intervention was carried out with the baseline, the heart rate of the dry needling group significantly increased by 20.60% (SE = 2.88), whereas that of the placebo group increased by 5.33% (SE = 2.32) (p = 0.001, d = 1.02). The pressure pain threshold showed significant differences between both groups, being significantly higher in the needling group (adductor muscle p = 0.001; d = 0.85; anterior tibialis muscle p = 0.022, d = 0.58). Conclusions: This work appears to indicate that dry needling produces an immediate activation in the sympathetic nervous system, improving local and distant mechanical hyperalgesia.

The Effect of Altering the Conditions of the Autonomic Nervous System on the Choline Esterase Level in Human Blood Serum

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.83.343.202 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 83 (343) ◽

pp. 202-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maxwell Shaw Jones ◽

Henry Tod

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Human Blood ◽

Human Blood Serum ◽

Acetyl Choline ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Choline Esterase Level

Within recent years a great deal of attention has been paid to the question of chemical transmission of nervous impulses, and it has been definitely established by Dale and his co-workers (1, 2, 3) that acetyl choline is the transmitter in the case of the parasympathetic nervous system, and also in part of the sympathetic nervous system.

Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Hearing-Related Demand and Evaluative Threat

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2017_aja-16-0133 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3S) ◽

pp. 373-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carol L. Mackersie ◽

Lucia Kearney

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Skin Conductance ◽

Preliminary Data ◽

Task Demand ◽

System Response ◽

Listening Effort ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Purpose This paper consists of 2 parts. The purpose of Part 1 was to review the potential influence of internal (person-related) factors on listening effort. The purpose of Part 2 was to present, in support of Part 1, preliminary data illustrating the interactive effects of an external factor (task demand) and an internal factor (evaluative threat) on autonomic nervous system measures. Method For Part 1, we provided a brief narrative review of motivation and stress as modulators of listening effort. For Part 2, we described preliminary data from a study using a repeated-measures (2 × 2) design involving manipulations of task demand (high, low) and evaluative threat (high, low). The low-demand task consisted of repetition of sentences from a narrative. The high-demand task consisted of answering questions about the narrative, requiring both comprehension and recall. During the high evaluative threat condition, participants were filmed and told that their video recordings would be evaluated by a panel of experts. During the low evaluative threat condition, no filming occurred; participants were instructed to “do your best.” Skin conductance (sympathetic nervous system activity) and heart rate variability (HRV, parasympathetic activity) were measured during the listening tasks. The HRV measure was the root mean square of successive differences of adjacent interbeat intervals. Twelve adults with hearing loss participated. Results Skin conductance increased and HRV decreased relative to baseline (no task) for all listening conditions. Skin conductance increased significantly with an increase in evaluative threat, but only for the more demanding task. There was no significant change in HRV in response to increasing evaluative threat or task demand. Conclusions Listening effort may be influenced by factors other than task difficulty, as reviewed in Part 1. This idea is supported by the preliminary data indicating that the sympathetic nervous system response to task demand is modulated by social evaluative threat. More work is needed to determine the relative contributions of motivation and emotional stress on physiological responses during listening tasks.