The Autonomic Nervous System

Neuroanatomy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
Adam J Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
System P ◽  
Hair Fiber ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

This chapter provides an overview of the autonomic nervous system and respective instructions for drawing its various components. These include the, parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, lower urinary system, baroreceptor reflex, respiration, and digestive tract. The chapter discusses the various functions of elements of these systems, and it presents conditions and illnesses specifically related to disorders in elements of the autonomic nervous system, such as cardiac rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias), respiratory failure, gut dysmotility, bladder dysmotility, and skin manifestations, such as hair fiber loss and sweating.

Peripheral Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
System P ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Chapter 6 discusses how to draw the peripheral nervous system, specifically the autonomic nervous system, including autonomic fiber arrangements, the parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, the urinary system, and the cardiac reflex.

Functional Neuroanatomy of Autonomic Nervous System

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Peter Novak
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Parasympathetic System ◽  
System P ◽  
Physiological Structure ◽  
Central Autonomic System

A basic understanding of the functional and physiological structure of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is essential in interpreting test results. This chapter summarizes the functional anatomy of the ANS. The ANS has been divided into the central autonomic system (CAN), also called preganglionic system, and the peripheral (or postganglionic system), which includes the parasympathetic system, sympathetic system, and enteric system. The anatomy and functions of the ANS and its various divisions are explained. Also described is the anatomy and functions of the baroreceptor reflex (BR), which is important in controlling the heart rate and blood pressure.

scholarly journals Investigation of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic cerebral ischemia

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
N. Zhhilova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The number of scientific studies which proving that the cause of many chronic diseases is the autonomic nervous system dysfunction has increased. The changes in the autonomic nervous system can be detected before the appearance of clinical symptoms. This is the basis of prevention. Reducing the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system and activating the sympathetic nervous system are predictors of arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and others. There are no clear mechanisms for the emergence of hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular pathology. That is why it needs to be studied. And that is why the study of the influence of the autonomic nervous system in chronic conditions is relevant.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in children: literature update

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira Mondoni ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Bruno Saraiva ◽  
Franciele Marques Vanderlei
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

AbstractIntroduction It is known that physical exercise is beneficial and precipitates adjustments to the autonomic nervous system. However, the effect of exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in children, despite its importance, is poorly investigated.Objective To bring together current information about the effects of exercise on heart rate variability in healthy and obese children.Methods The literature update was performed through a search for articles in the following databases; PubMed, PEDro, SciELO and Lilacs, using the descriptors “exercise” and “child” in conjunction with the descriptors “autonomic nervous system”, “sympathetic nervous system”, “parasympathetic nervous system” and also with no descriptor, but the key word of this study, “heart rate variability”, from January 2005 to December 2012.Results After removal of items that did not fit the subject of the study, a total of 9 articles were selected, 5 with healthy and 4 with obese children.Conclusion The findings suggest that exercise can act in the normalization of existing alterations in the autonomic nervous system of obese children, as well as serve as a preventative factor in healthy children, enabling healthy development of the autonomic nervous system until the child reaches adulthood.

Some psychophysiological parameters of a person during a passive orthostatic test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Karpikova ◽  
V.A. Semiletova ◽  
E.V. Dorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Orthostatic Test ◽  
Heart Activity ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Sensorimotor Reaction ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The study involved 14 volunteer students. Situational anxiety was determined, tests were carried out to determine simple and complex sensorimotor reactions, the cardiac rhythm of the subjects was recorded. Oxygen saturation was determined using an oximeter. Dynamic parameters were recorded: lying in a state of functional rest (background 1), vertical at 65-70° (vertical), lying after verticalization (horizontal), lying in a state of functional rest (background 2). The analysis of the data obtained was carried out using the Excel and StatPlus Pro programs. It was revealed that during verticalization, changes in the regulation of the heart activity of the subjects are carried out mainly due to the central mechanisms of regulation through the sympathetic nervous system. The transfer from a vertical to a horizontal state is accompanied by a restructuring of the regulatory system towards the activation of subcortical nerve centers and a shift in the balance of the SNS/PSNS towards the parasympathetic nervous system. Key words: passive orthostatic test, cardiac rhythm, simple sensorimotor reaction.

Sympathetic Blocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gilligan ◽  
Shafik Boyaji
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Celiac Plexus Block ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Sympathetic Blocks

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions. It is composed of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems (SNS and PNS, respectively). The sympathetic nervous system, in addition to its vital role as part of the autonomic nervous system and the emergency response, is thought to be involved in numerous pathologic, painful conditions. These conditions are referred to as Sympathetically Mediated Pain (SMP). SMP is often considered a result of a vicious circle of events, which include changes in peripheral and central somatosensory processes. This assumption is based upon the observations that the pain is spatially correlated with signs of autonomic dysfunction, blocking the efferent sympathetic supply to the affected area would relieve the pain. Sympathetic blocks emerged as a way to help diagnose and treat several painful conditions, including complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), phantom pain, neuralgias, herpes zoster, and even fibromyalgia. Additionally, sympathetic blockades have been used to improve perfusion, treat angina and malignant arrhythmias, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This review contains 1 table and 68 references. Key words: Sympathetic nervous system, sympathetically mediated pain, sympathetic blocks, neuropathic pain, chronic pain, stellate ganglion block, celiac plexus block, lumbar sympathetic block, superior hypogastric plexus block

Autonomic Nervous System

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Nucleus Ambiguus ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves ◽  
System P ◽  
Functional Components

The autonomic nervous system is involved in many important unconscious body functions. It is critical for maintaining the internal environment in response to changes in the external environment. The autonomic nervous system consists of peripheral components (sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and ganglia) and central components (ventrolateral medulla, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus of the solitary tract, periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate gyrus, insular cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus). This chapter briefly reviews the anatomy and functional components of the autonomic nervous system and several anatomical clinical correlations.

Gravity

How to Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 107-138
Author(s):  
Ann Cooper Albright
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
System P ◽  
The World ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

This chapter weaves an in-depth discussion of the physical function of releasing our bodies into the support of gravity with an analysis of how that experience can serve as an important stability in our daily lives. It begins by reviewing the crucial distinction between collapsing and yielding in order to demonstrate how the same force that draws us to the ground can also sponsor our action in the world, helping us find a sense of resistance and agency. In addition, gravity can provide a useful counterbalance to the ubiquitous presence of two-dimensional screens in our lives. By allowing us to experience weight, gravity is key to our sense of grounding, linking inhalation with exhalation, sky to earth, as well as the sympathetic and parasympathetic aspects of our autonomic nervous system.

scholarly journals 3244 The Autonomic Nervous System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Huntington Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Jordan L Schultz ◽  
Lyndsay Harshman ◽  
John Kamholz ◽  
Peggy Nopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study (1) investigated the presence and severity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in patients with pre-symptomatic Huntington Disease (HD) and (2) determined if pharmacologic manipulation of the ANS could modify the progression of HD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using a unique data set of children at-risk for HD (the Kids-HD study), markers of autonomic function (resting heart rate [rHR], blood pressure [BP], and core body temperature [CBT]) were compared between pre-symptomatic, gene-expanded children (psGE) and healthy developing children using mixed models analyses controlling for sex, age, and body mass index. Included participants had to be < 18 years old and be at least 10 years from their predicted motor diagnosis of HD. Using the Enroll-HD database, inverse-propensity score weighted, Cox Regression analyses investigated the effects of beta-blockers on the timing of motor diagnosis of presymptomatic, adult patients with HD. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, the psGE participants had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean rHR, systolic BP percentile, and CBT compared to the healthy controls (elevated by 4.01 bpm 0.19°C, and 5.96 percentile points, respectively, in the psGE group). Participants from Enroll-HD who were using a beta-blocker prior to motor diagnosis (n=65) demonstrated a significantly lower annualized risk of motor diagnosis [HR=0.56, p=0.03], compared to other participants with HD (n=1972). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Sympathetic nervous system activity is elevated in patients with HD decades prior to their predicted motor diagnosis. Furthermore, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system with beta-blockers significantly lowers the annualized risk of motor diagnosis of HD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document