Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of fungal mycelial extracts from aquatic environments in the Amazon

Fungi are a prolific source of biologically active metabolites, including a wide range of clinically important drugs. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of secondary metabolites extracted from fungal mycelia isolated from freshwater samples in the state of Amazonas. Mycelial extracts from 12 fungal were used, extracted with MeOH/AcOEt (1:1) according to the criteria established by Souza et al. (2004). For antimicrobial activity, the extracts were tested against the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus feacalis, Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. To identify the minimum inhibitory dosage (MID) the microdilution method was used. To perform the cytotoxicity assay, the VERO strain (ATCC® CCL-81TM) was used. The assays were determined by the Alamar Blue method according to Ahmed et al. (1994). The tested extracts did not show antibacterial activity. Five extracts (41.7%), obtained from the fungi Aspergillus - 1283, Chrysoporther - 1169, Diaporther – 1203, Fusarium – 1085, and Trichoderma, showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. Diaporther extract (8.3%) - 1203 was active against C. tropicalis. In the cytotoxicity assay, 58.3% of the evaluated extracts showed no significant toxic effect. Five extracts, Cladosporium - 1135, Chrysoporther - 1169, Cytospora - 1098, Fusarium - 1085, and Talaromyces - 1244, showed cytotoxic potential, exhibiting viability lower than 70%. The results obtained suggest that mycelial extracts of fungi isolated from water samples from the Amazon region have potential against yeasts of medical interest. Only two of the active extracts were revealed potentially cytotoxic.

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Biologically active metabolites from Agelas mauritiana

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v88-006 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

R. Fathi-Afshar ◽

T. M. Allen

Keyword(s):

Spectral Data ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Adrenergic Blockade ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Antagonistic Action ◽

Wide Range ◽

Biologically Active Metabolites

Two novel bicyclic diterpenoides, agelasimine-A (9), and agelasimine-B (10), have been isolated from the orange sponge Agelas mauritiana. Also, a new bromine-containing alkaloid, 5-debromomidpacamide (12), along with midpacamide (13) and methyl N-methyl-4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylate (11), has been isolated. The structures were determined by interpretation of their spectral data. Agelasimine-A and -B exhibit a wide range of interesting biological activities such as cytotoxicity, inhibition of adenosine transfer into rabbit erythrocytes, Ca2+-channel antagonistic action, and α1 adrenergic blockade.

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Isolation and Use of Bacillus thuringiensis for the Production of Bio-Insecticide in Control of Mosquito Larvae

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2021/v10i230225 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

A. A. Ibiene ◽

S. D. Lawson ◽

E. O. Stella ◽

F. E. Amos ◽

L. Nnodim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Secondary Stage ◽

Biologically Active Metabolites ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely studied bacterium and it is known for its use in pest management. It is selectively active on pests and less likely to cause resistance; hence it is considered a suitable replacement to chemical pesticides. The study assessed the potential of Bacillus thuringiensis in controlling mosquito larvae. Bacillus thuringiensis isolates selected were tested against secondary stage larvae of mosquito. Thirty-six larvae (6 each) were transferred into each test tubes (7 x 9) cm with 30ml sterile distilled water. The stock suspension of cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis in broth was diluted to 107, 106, 10 5, 104, 103 and 102 in sterile water, following the McFarland standard method for microbial load count. The test tubes were kept at room temperature, larval mortality was observed over time within 24hrs. The results showed that all mosquito larvae died at the 107 and 106 dilutions but at dilutions 105, 104 and 103 though affecting mosquito larvae, it was highly dependent on time because there was a decrease in concentration. The study showed that B. thuringiensis is safe for use in aquatic environments, including drinking-water reservoirs, for the control of mosquito, black fly and nuisance insect larvae. The products should contain the ICPs and be free from other microorganisms and biologically active metabolites.

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Endophytes From Algae, a Potential Source for New Biologically Active Metabolites for Disease Management in Aquaculture

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.636636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ynon Deutsch ◽

Lior Gur ◽

Ilana Berman Frank ◽

David Ezra

Keyword(s):

Mineral Water ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Fish Pathogens ◽

Aquaculture Industry ◽

Biologically Active Metabolites ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside the plant tissue without causing external symptoms. All plants in nature harbor endophytes. Some endophytes produce and secrete biologically active compounds, known as secondary metabolites, which can help the host plant cope with bacterial, fungal, and other pest pathogens. Endophytes are isolated from aquatic plants and algae. Diseases are detrimental in the aquaculture industry where chemical pesticides and antibiotics are widely used in an attempt to cope with fish pathogens. However, the ability to prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture is currently extremely limited. Here, we isolated 173 bacterial and fungal endophytes from 16 Mediterranean seaweed and 4 algae from fresh or thermo-mineral water. We found 88 endophytes (51%) with biological activity against four common aquaculture pathogens. Fifty endophytes (29%) caused mortality of at least one of these four pathogens. We identified 23 bioactive endophytes, 18 of which are from the Bacilli class. Our findings suggest that macroalgae from different aquatic environments can serve as a good source of potential biocontrol agents against aquaculture diseases. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published studies demonstrating the use of algal endophytes to control aquaculture diseases. Our study may lead to finding new molecules for use as novel environmentally friendly products that will solve one of the most challenging problems for the growing aquaculture industry: pathogens and pests.

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Hungarian mushrooms as untapped source of natural products: from screening studies to biologically active metabolites

10.1055/s-0037-1608106 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

A Ványolós ◽

B Kovács ◽

Z Béni ◽

M Dékány ◽

B Krámos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Biologically Active Metabolites

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BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE METABOLITES OF Bacillus subtilis AND THEIR ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS (review)

Sel skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya ◽

10.15389/agrobiology.2018.1.29eng ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 293-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Т.М. Sidorova ◽

◽

А.М. Asaturova ◽

A.I. Homyak ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Biologically Active Metabolites

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Spices with Breast Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potentials: A Functional Foods Based-Review

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520617666170912121422 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 182-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aliyu Muhammad ◽

Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽

Ochuko Lucky Erukainure ◽

Ibrahim Malami ◽

Auwal Adamu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Breast Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

Biologically Active Metabolites

Background: Cancer is a multifaceted metabolic disease that affects sizeable dwellers of rural and urban areas. Among the various types of cancer, mammary cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. Its menace can be curbed with locally consumed spices due to their multiple bioactive phytochemicals. Aims: This review focuses on the breast cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials of locally consumed spices. Methods/Results: The most commonly consumed spices with breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic phytochemical include pepper, onions, ginger, garlic, curry and thyme containing many biologically active metabolites ranging from vitamins, fatty acids esters, polyphenols/phenolics, sulfurcontaining compounds and anthraquinones with proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, antitumor and anticancer properties against breast cancer/carcinogenesis. Therefore, extracts and active principles of these spices could be explored in breast cancer chemoprevention and possibly therapeutically which may provide an avenue for reducing the risk and prevalence of breast cancer.

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