scholarly journals Prospecting of anti-Candida bioactive in Origanum vulgare L. artisanal essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e220101421758
Author(s):  
André Ricardo Ferreira da Silva Rocha ◽  
João Victor da Costa Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Henrique Moura ◽  
Eliana Campelo Lago ◽  
Francisca Lúcia de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Candida albicans is a yeast belonging to the normal microbiota of the human body, considered the most pathogenic species of the genus. It is the main microorganism related to candidiasis. Essential oils of Origanum vulgare have phenolic compounds, such as thymol and carvacrol, which have an effective antimycobacterial character at certain concentrations, but little is known about its biological activity in artisanal preparation. Thus, we evaluated the resistance of standard strains of opportunistic yeast C. albicans against in vitro antifungal activity of artisanal extract of O. vulgare. An inoculum of the challenger was subjected to different concentrations of the fungicidal agent in solidified Muller Hinton and broth followed by incubation at 35°C. The oil was prepared in a manner similar to a possible homemade procedure, and was further sterilized to ensure homogeneity of the indicator. The readings were performed in two days every 24 hours so that there were different possible moments of growth. The tests, which occurred in triplicate, showed that, under experimental conditions, the yeast was resistant to the essential oil compounds at all observed concentrations. Morphological variation was observed in both colonies and yeast cells. Based on analyzes, the artisanal essential oil is incorporated as a promising candidate for the development of antimycotics for clinical use, although in vivo tests are required.

scholarly journals Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9626
Author(s):  
Huiyu Hou ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Te Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activities of TAK-456, a Novel Oral Triazole with a Broad Antifungal Spectrum

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1388-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Tsuchimori ◽  
Ryogo Hayashi ◽  
Naomi Kitamoto ◽  
Kentaro Asai ◽  
Tomoyuki Kitazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Sterol Synthesis ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

ABSTRACT TAK-456 is a novel oral triazole compound with potent and broad-spectrum in vitro antifungal activity and strong in vivo efficacy against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. TAK-456 inhibited sterol synthesis of C. albicans and A. fumigatus by 50% at 3 to 11 ng/ml. TAK-456 showed strong in vitro activity against clinical isolates of Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Cryptococcus neoformans, except for Candida glabrata. The MICs at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited byTAK-456, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B were 0.25, 4, 0.5, 0.13, and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, for clinical isolates of C. albicans and 1, >64, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, for clinical isolates of A. fumigatus. Therapeutic activities of TAK-456 and reference triazoles against systemic lethal infections caused by C. albicans and A. fumigatus in mice were investigated by orally administering drugs once daily for 5 days, and efficacies of the compounds were evaluated by the prolongation of survival. In normal mice, TAK-456 and fluconazole were effective against infection caused by fluconazole-susceptible C. albicans at a dose of 1 mg/kg. In transiently neutropenic mice, therapeutic activity of TAK-456 at 1 mg/kg of body weight against infection with the same strain was stronger than those at 1 mg/kg of fluconazole. TAK-456 was effective against infections with two strains of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans at a dose of 10 mg/kg. TAK-456 also expressed activities similar to or higher than those of itraconazole against the infections caused by two strains of A. fumigatus in neutropenic mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg. These results suggest that TAK-456 is a promising candidate for development for the treatment of candidiasis and aspergillosis in humans.

A Dissolvable Intralumental Stent for Sutureless Vascular Anastomasis

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 575-578
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Wang ◽  
X.D. Liang ◽  
Zhuo Xiong ◽  
Yong Nan Yan ◽  
Renji Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Dextran 40 ◽  
Sutureless Anastomosis ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Animal Tests

A soluble intralumenal stent for vascular anastomosis was prepared from glucose, Dextran-40 and heparin. The solubility of the stent was tested in vitro and in vivo. Animal tests were carried out with femoral arteries of rabbits. In comparison with the literature reported surgar and poly(ethylene glycol, PEG) stents, shorter dissolving time and higher patency (or survival) rate were obtained. Cell culture experiments suggested that the heparin containing glucose and Dextran-40 stent (H-sugar) had no irritation and toxicity to the endothelia cells. No thrombosis was observed from the in vivo tests in 2 months after the anastomosis. Such a heparin containing sugar stent is a promising candidate for fast sutureless anastomosis of vessels in non-trauma surgery.

scholarly journals Composition and Comprehensive Antioxidant Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Essential Oil from Ecuador

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Höferl ◽  
Ivanka Stoilova ◽  
Juergen Wanner ◽  
Erich Schmidt ◽  
Leopold Jirovetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition

In the present study, the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of an essential oil of ginger rhizomes from Ecuador was elucidated. The analysis of the essential oil by GC/FID/MS resulted in identification of 71 compounds, of which the main are citral (geranial 10.5% and neral 9.1%), α-zingiberene (17.4%), camphene (7.8%), α-farnesene (6.8%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (6.7%). The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil expressed by IC50 in descending order is: hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging (0.0065 μg/mL) > chelating capacity (0.822 μg/mL) > 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS•+) scavenging (3.94 μg/mL) > xanthine oxidase inhibition (138.0 μg/mL) > oxygen radical (CV) scavenging (404.0 μg/mL) > 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging (675 μg/mL). Lipid peroxidation inhibition of the essential oil was less efficient than butylhydroxy-toluol (BHT) in both stages, i.e. hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde formation. In vivo studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in antioxidant marker enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), blocking the oxidation processes in yeast cells. Moreover, ginger essential oil in concentrations of 1.6 mg/mL increases the viability of cells to oxidative stress induced by H2O2.

scholarly journals Assessment of in vitro antifungal activity of preparation ''fin Candimis'' against Candida strains

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Głowacka ◽  
Anna Bednarek-Gejo ◽  
Danuta Trojanowska ◽  
Mariusz Mianowany ◽  
Alicja Budak
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Geometrical Progression ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Fungus Growth ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The aim of the study was to assess the antifungal activity of preparation „fin Candimis” (oregano essential oil) against yeast-like strains belonging to the genus <em>Candida</em>. During the investigation, there were used up nine <em>Candida albicans</em> strains and ten C. glabrata strains isolated from different clinical material, along with one <em>C. albicans</em> demonstration strain ATCC 90028. The oregano essential oil, utilized in the study, was obtained from fresh leaves of <em>Origanum vulgare</em> L. and bore a trade name „fin Candimis”. According to data yielded by its manufacturer, concentration of pure oregano essential oil in preparation „fin Candimis” totals up to 210 mg/ml. The susceptibility of the <em>Candida</em> strains to preparation „fin Candimis” was assessed by means of the disc-diffusion method, upon the Sabouraud solid medium (after a 24-hour incubation of the cultures at temperature of 37 degrees centigrade); the oregano essential oil had been diluted in 1 ml of DMSO, according to the geometrical progression. A measure of the antifungal activity of preparation „fin Candimis” was the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), in terms of the fungus growth. Preparation „fin Candimis” is capable of being applied in the prevention and treatment of candidiasis – alone, or as a natural adjunctive agent. The <em>C. albicans</em> strains are more susceptible to preparation „fin Candimis” in comparison to the <em>C. glabrata</em> ones.

Efficacy of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Marrubium vulgare on Fungi Responsible for Apples Rot

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
Amina Tabet Zatla ◽  
Imane Mami ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Sifi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: The microorganisms such as Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea are wellknown pathogens in apples during postharvest. So, to protect apples from these pathogens, chemical control methods were exercised. Introduction: The main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition and the in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal properties of essential oil and hydrosol extract of Marrubium vulgare. Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare were hydrodistilled in a Clevengertype apparatus. The essential oil and hydrosol extract isolated were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The in-vitro antifungal activity of the both extracts was investigated against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil and hydrosol extract on disease development of apple caused by Penicillium expansum in the in-vivo conditions was assessed. Results: The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare was characterized principally by E-β-caryophyllene (23.5%), E-β-farnesene (21%), α-humulene (14.8%), β-bisabolene (11.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%) and phytol (3.1%). While, the methyl-eugenol (65.5%), α-Bisabolol (12.5%), linalool (6.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.2%) were the major compounds of hydrosol extract. The result of in-vitro antifungal activity of hydrosol extract showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata with percentage inhibition ranging from 77% to 89% at low concentration of 0.15 mL/L. The essential oil was found to inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum in a dose-dependent manner, with a percentage inhibition of 100% at 30 mL/L. Furthermore, essential oil and hydrosol extract have demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum up to 25th day of storage, compared with the control. Conclusion: The preventive and protective effects of essential oil and hydrosol extract could be exploited as an ideal alternative to synthetic fungicides for using the protection of stored apples from fungal phytopathogens.

Ammoides verticillata Essential Oil as Biocontrol Agent of Selected Fungi and Pest of Olive Tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane Senouci ◽  
Nassira G. Benyelles ◽  
Mohammed EA Dib ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
Alain Muselli
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Penicillium Crustosum ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Ammoides verticillata Briq is an aromatic and medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine for treatment of several types of pathologies such as respiratory problems, colds, fever, headache, gastric disorders and renal infections. Objective: Essential oils have been subjected of numerous works for their antimicrobial and insecticidal properties which have been valued by hundreds of publications and patents. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, and the in vitro and in vivo antifungal, and insecticidal properties of essential oil of Ammoides verticillata. Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil isolated was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oil was investigated against four plant fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil on disease development of olive caused by Penicillium crustosum and Aspergillus niger in the in vivo conditions. The fumigation test of the essential oil was evaluated against L3 stages, pupas and adults of Bactrocera oleae known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized mainly by carvacrol (44.3%), limonene (19.3%) and p-cymene (19.2%). The result of in vitro antifungal activity of essential oil showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani strains with percentage inhibition of 89%. Furthermore, oil of A. verticillata has demonstrated promising in vivo antifungal activity to control infections of olives caused by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium crustosum. In addition, the essential oil exhibited fumigation toxicity against Bactrocera oleae with mortality percentage of 100% at 2 μL/L air. Conclusion: The results showed that essential oil of A. verticillata has interesting biological activities, which suggests that oil have the potential to be used as biocide to protect olives of pathogenic fungi and pests.

scholarly journals Phenotypical studies of raw and nanosystem embedded Eugenia carryophyllata buds essential oil antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Considering the large number of the multiresistant bacterial strains and the increasing need in new antimicrobial formulation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antipathogenic effect of E. caryophyllata essential oil on collection and recently isolated clinical strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Experimental assays were carried out by in vitro and in vivo tests. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the antimicrobial activity was followed by the analysis of the essential oil influence on enzymatic soluble virulence factors expression. The cytotoxic effect of the vegetal extract was quantified by using HeLa cells. Nanosystem embedded essential oil was used to establish the in vivo antipathogenic effect on mice. Qualitative screening results revealed an early microbicidal effect quantified by low minimum inhibitory concentration values. The in vivo study showed a stabiliziation of the essential oil biological activities when using nanosystem embedding, that could be used for the design of proper formulations for delivery systems with antimicrobial effect.

The in vivo and in vitro angiogenic evaluation of the essential oil of Echinophora tournefortii

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Demirci ◽  
T Kiyan ◽  
A Koparal ◽  
M Kaya ◽  
F Demirci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil
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