scholarly journals High Prevalence of Haplorchiasis in Nan and Lampang Provinces, Thailand, Proven by Adult Worm Recovery from Suspected Opisthorchiasis Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adulsak Wijit ◽  
Nimit Morakote ◽  
Jaewwaew Klinchid
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Worm Recovery

Experimental Schistosoma bovis infection in goats. Circulating antigen and antibody responses to egg and adult worm antigens during infection and following treatment with praziquantel

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Johansen ◽  
Y. Fillié ◽  
J. Monrad ◽  
N. Ø. Christensen ◽  
A. Deelder
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Positive Correlations

SUMMARYCirculating antigen levels and antibody responses in Schistosoma bovis-infected West African Dwarf goats were evaluated during infection and following treatment with praziquantel (60 mg/kg) 13 weeks post-infection. One day, 1 week and 4 weeks post-treatment, subgroups of goats were sacrificed and perfused for worm recovery. For comparison, parasite-free control animals were included. Blood and faecal samples were collected biweekly. Two gut-associated schistosome antigens, circulating cathodic and circulating anodic antigen (CCA and CAA) and 3 specific antibody responses (total Ig, IgG and IgM) were measured. For specific antibody detection, crude S. bovis adult worm and egg homogenates were used. The level of CCA in the infected groups was significantly elevated from the time of onset of egg excretion onwards. However, following treatment, the CCA litres dropped to control levels within 1 week post-treatment. Strong positive correlations were found between CCA levels and worm counts and faecal egg counts during peak egg excretion. The correlations of CAA and specific antibody litres to egg and worm counts were poor. The antibody responses were all significantly elevated in the infected goats during patency, but only marginally affected by the treatment. Hence, CCA proved to be superior by correlating strongly to the level of infection and by being a sensitive indicator of the effect of treatment.

A study of the relationship between temperature and the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium cercariae

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ghandour
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIt was shown that maintenance of cercariae of S. mansoni and S. haematobium at low (10°C) and high temperatures (40°C) markedly increased their mortality during penetration of mammalian host skin. These increased losses in the skin accounted for the known decrease in infectivity, as measured by adult worm recovery, of cercariae kept at low or high temperatures.

scholarly journals Immunopathology of Schistosoma mansoni infection in rabbits: (A preliminary report)

1982 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Nelia S. Tan-Liu ◽  
Moyses Sadigursky ◽  
Zilton A. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Natural Antibodies ◽  
Eosinophilic Infiltration ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Granulomatous Formation ◽  
Marked Resistance

Five rabbits infected with Schistosoma mansoni showed marked resistance, which resulted in low worm recovery and low egg production. Pathological changes appeared in liver and intestines as scattered foci of eosinophilic infiltration around immature eggs, with only occasional granulomatous formation. Antibodies to ovular and adult worm structures were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in the sera of rabbits prior to infection (natural antibodies) and specially following infection by S. mansoni. These findings point out to the peculiarities of the immunopathology of schistosomiasis in rabbits.

Antifilarial activity of intravenous suramin and oral diethylcarbamazine citrate on subperiodic Brugia malayi in the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Mak ◽  
P. L. W. Lam ◽  
M. F. Choong ◽  
K. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Leaf Monkey ◽  
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Antifilarial Activity ◽  
Human Primate

ABSTRACTThe known filaricides, suramin and diethylcarbamazine citrate, were tested against subperiodic Brugia malayi infection in the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata. As expected, intravenous suramin at 10 mg/kg daily × 5 days or 17 mg/kg weekly × 5 weeks, did not show any microfilaricidal activity, but substantially reduced the recovery of live adult worms to 50·6% and 13·6% of controls respectively. Oral diethylcarbamazine citrate at 6 mg/kg daily × 6 or 10 days reduced final microfilarial counts to 30% of initial counts four weeks post-treatment and adult worm recovery was reduced to 4·5% and 0% of controls respectively. Although the antifilarial activity of these drugs against the infection in this non-human primate model appears to be similar to that seen in man, these results have to be confirmed using larger groups of animals.

scholarly journals Kinectics of the pulmonary phase of Schistosoma mansoni in mice treated with dexamethasone

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Victor Hermeto ◽  
Rosilene Siray Bicalho ◽  
Alan Lane de Melo ◽  
Leógenes Horácio Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Portal System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Worm Recovery

In the experimental schistosomiasis mansoni glucocorticoids cause a reduction in the worm burden when administered in the week of infection or, the longest, at the next week. In order to determinate the probable(s) site(s) of reduction of the worm burden, mice were infected with cercariae of LE strain of S. mansoni and dexamethasone was administered daily (50 mg/kg, subcutaneously) starting 1 hour before infection until the eighth day. Mice were sacrificed daily starting on the third day after infection until the ninth day, and schistosomula from lungs were collected. Six weeks after infection, the remaining mice were sacrificed and perfused for adult worm recovery. Analysis of the results showed that the non-treated mice presented larger numbers of lung larvae than the treated ones, and this difference was also found later in the worm burden in the portal system. This difference may reflect the early death of larvae in treated animals, before or after reaching the lungs.

Effects of praziquantel and oxamniquine on a Saudi Arabian strain of Schistosoma mansoni in mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ghandour ◽  
A. A. Banaja ◽  
I. M. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Worm Recovery

ABSTRACTThe prophylactic and curative effects of praziquantel and oxamniquine on a Saudi Arabian strain of Schistosoma mansoni in MF-1 mice were assessed. The drugs were administered orally. At 240 mg/kg praziquantel, there was a reduction of 89·1% in adult worm recovery and a marked reduction in tissue deposited eggs. The reduction in adult worm recovery after dosing with 50 mg/kg oxamniquine was 89·2%. At low doses (40 mg/kg praziquantel and 30 mg/kg oxamniquine) administered at 11 days, 5 days and 3 h before and 5, 21 and 49 days after infection, the reduction in adult worm recovery was 0·0%, 65·1%, 58·8%, 33·6%, 0·0% and 76·0% for praziquantel and 0·0%, 66·0%, 60·0%, 41·3%, 10·8% and 79·0% for oxamniquine. Numbers of lung schistosomula and the size of hepatic granulomata were also reduced.

Vaccination against Trichinella spiralis in mice using antigens from different isolates

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Goyal ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Heterologous Challenge ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Homologous Challenge

SummaryAntigen preparations from three isolates of Trichinella spiralis (sensu-stricto) have been tested for their ability to immunize mice against homologous and heterologous challenge infections. Immunization was measured by accelerated expulsion of adult worms, reduction in female worm fecundity, stunting of growth, and level of antibody responses before and after challenge. Antigens of two isolates, from London (L) and Poland (P), immunized effectively against homologous challenge, adult worm recoveries being reduced by 64% and 51% respectively within 6 days. Antigen from a Spanish(S) isolate gave no homologous protection in terms of worm recovery at day 6 and only 43% reduction at day 8. L- and P-isolate antigens immunized well against heterologous challenge (day 6 worm recoveries reduced by 66% and 59%) but similar protection against S-isolate challenge was not seen until day 8. Immunization with S antigen gave better protection at day 6 against L-isolate challenge (77%) than against challenge with P-isolate (37%). These results imply considerable, but not complete, antigen cross-reactivity between the isolates and this was reflected in antibody responses. These variations in immunogenicity and immunization potential are discussed in terms of constraints on the use of vaccines against parasites that are widely distributed geographically.

The effect of sublethal concentrations of the molluscicide niclosamide on the infectivity ofSchistosoma mansonicercariae

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ghandour
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Mesenteric Veins ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

ABSTRACTExperiments were conducted to assess the effect of sublethal concentrations of niclosamide on the infectivity ofSchistosoma mansonicercariae. Exposure of cercariae to 0.02 mg/1 and 0.05 mg/1 of niclosamide, respectively, for only two hours increased their mortality during penetration of mammalian host skin. The observed increase in mortality in the skin resulted in a consequent reduction of adult worm recovery from the liver and mesenteric veins of animals infected with the treated cercariae.

Bioelectronic Measurement of Nasality in Trainable Mentally Retarded Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Trainable Mentally Retarded

Fifty trainable mentally retarded children were evaluated with TONAR II, a bioelectronic instrument for detecting and quantitatively measuring voice parameters. Results indicated that one-half of the children tested were hypernasal. The strikingly high prevalence of excessive nasality was contrasted with results obtained from 64 nonretarded children and 50 educable retarded children tested with the same instrument. The study demonstrated the need of retarded persons for improved voice and resonance.

Multiple Perspectives on the Barriers to Identification and Management of Pediatric Voice Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Jana Childes ◽  
Alissa Acker ◽  
Dana Collins
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Vocal Qualities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
University Settings

Pediatric voice disorders are typically a low-incidence population in the average caseload of clinicians working within school and general clinic settings. This occurs despite evidence of a fairly high prevalence of childhood voice disorders and the multiple impacts the voice disorder may have on a child's social development, the perception of the child by others, and the child's academic success. There are multiple barriers that affect the identification of children with abnormal vocal qualities and their access to services. These include: the reliance on school personnel, the ability of parents and caretakers to identify abnormal vocal qualities and signs of misuse, the access to specialized medical services for appropriate diagnosis, and treatment planning and issues related to the Speech-Language Pathologists' perception of their skills and competence regarding voice management for pediatric populations. These barriers and possible solutions to them are discussed with perspectives from the school, clinic and university settings.

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