Experimental Schistosoma bovis infection in goats. Circulating antigen and antibody responses to egg and adult worm antigens during infection and following treatment with praziquantel

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Johansen ◽  
Y. Fillié ◽  
J. Monrad ◽  
N. Ø. Christensen ◽  
A. Deelder
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Positive Correlations

SUMMARYCirculating antigen levels and antibody responses in Schistosoma bovis-infected West African Dwarf goats were evaluated during infection and following treatment with praziquantel (60 mg/kg) 13 weeks post-infection. One day, 1 week and 4 weeks post-treatment, subgroups of goats were sacrificed and perfused for worm recovery. For comparison, parasite-free control animals were included. Blood and faecal samples were collected biweekly. Two gut-associated schistosome antigens, circulating cathodic and circulating anodic antigen (CCA and CAA) and 3 specific antibody responses (total Ig, IgG and IgM) were measured. For specific antibody detection, crude S. bovis adult worm and egg homogenates were used. The level of CCA in the infected groups was significantly elevated from the time of onset of egg excretion onwards. However, following treatment, the CCA litres dropped to control levels within 1 week post-treatment. Strong positive correlations were found between CCA levels and worm counts and faecal egg counts during peak egg excretion. The correlations of CAA and specific antibody litres to egg and worm counts were poor. The antibody responses were all significantly elevated in the infected goats during patency, but only marginally affected by the treatment. Hence, CCA proved to be superior by correlating strongly to the level of infection and by being a sensitive indicator of the effect of treatment.

scholarly journals The Dengue ED3 Dot Assay, a Novel Serological Test for the Detection of Denguevirus Type-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Retrospective Seroprevalence Study

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Auerswald ◽  
Leonard Klepsch ◽  
Sebastian Schreiber ◽  
Janne Hülsemann ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Domain 3

: There are four distinct antigenic serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV-1-4). Sequential infections with different serotypes lead to crossreactive but also serotypespecific neutralizing antibody responses. Neutralization assays are considered as gold standard for serotype-specific antibody detection. However, for retrospective seroprevalence studies, access to large serum quantities is limited making neutralization assays well-nigh impossible. Therefore, a serological test, wasting only 10 µL serum, was developed using fusion proteins of maltose binding protein and E protein domain 3 (MBP-ED3) as antigens. Twelve MBP-ED3 antigens for DENV-1-4, three MBP-ED3 antigens for WNV, JEV, and TBEV, and MBP were dotted onto a single nitrocellulose strip. ED3 dot assay results were compared to virus neutralization and ED3 ELISA test results, showing a >90% accordance for DENV-1 and a 100% accordance for DENV-2, making the test specifically useful for DENV-1/-2 serotype-specific antibody detection. Since 2010, DENV-1 has replaced DENV-2 as the dominant serotype in Cambodia. In a retrospective cohort analysis, sera collected during the DENV-1/-2 endemic period showed a shift to DENV-2-specific antibody responses in 2012 paralleled by the decline of DENV-2 infections. Altogether, the ED3 dot assay is a serum-, time- and money-saving diagnostic tool for serotype-specific antibody detection, especially when serum samples are limited.

Antifilarial activity of intravenous suramin and oral diethylcarbamazine citrate on subperiodic Brugia malayi in the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Mak ◽  
P. L. W. Lam ◽  
M. F. Choong ◽  
K. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Leaf Monkey ◽  
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Antifilarial Activity ◽  
Human Primate

ABSTRACTThe known filaricides, suramin and diethylcarbamazine citrate, were tested against subperiodic Brugia malayi infection in the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata. As expected, intravenous suramin at 10 mg/kg daily × 5 days or 17 mg/kg weekly × 5 weeks, did not show any microfilaricidal activity, but substantially reduced the recovery of live adult worms to 50·6% and 13·6% of controls respectively. Oral diethylcarbamazine citrate at 6 mg/kg daily × 6 or 10 days reduced final microfilarial counts to 30% of initial counts four weeks post-treatment and adult worm recovery was reduced to 4·5% and 0% of controls respectively. Although the antifilarial activity of these drugs against the infection in this non-human primate model appears to be similar to that seen in man, these results have to be confirmed using larger groups of animals.

Vaccination against Trichinella spiralis in mice using antigens from different isolates

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Goyal ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Heterologous Challenge ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Homologous Challenge

SummaryAntigen preparations from three isolates of Trichinella spiralis (sensu-stricto) have been tested for their ability to immunize mice against homologous and heterologous challenge infections. Immunization was measured by accelerated expulsion of adult worms, reduction in female worm fecundity, stunting of growth, and level of antibody responses before and after challenge. Antigens of two isolates, from London (L) and Poland (P), immunized effectively against homologous challenge, adult worm recoveries being reduced by 64% and 51% respectively within 6 days. Antigen from a Spanish(S) isolate gave no homologous protection in terms of worm recovery at day 6 and only 43% reduction at day 8. L- and P-isolate antigens immunized well against heterologous challenge (day 6 worm recoveries reduced by 66% and 59%) but similar protection against S-isolate challenge was not seen until day 8. Immunization with S antigen gave better protection at day 6 against L-isolate challenge (77%) than against challenge with P-isolate (37%). These results imply considerable, but not complete, antigen cross-reactivity between the isolates and this was reflected in antibody responses. These variations in immunogenicity and immunization potential are discussed in terms of constraints on the use of vaccines against parasites that are widely distributed geographically.

scholarly journals Changes in epigenetic profiles throughout early childhood and their relationship to the response to pneumococcal vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pischedda ◽  
Daniel O’Connor ◽  
Benjamin P. Fairfax ◽  
Antonio Salas ◽  
Federico Martinon-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections

Abstract Background Pneumococcal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children and immaturity of the immune system partly underlies poor vaccine responses seen in the young. Emerging evidence suggests a key role for epigenetics in the maturation and regulation of the immune system in health and disease. The study aimed to investigate epigenetic changes in early life and to understand the relationship between the epigenome and antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination. Methods The epigenetic profiles from 24 healthy children were analyzed at 12 months prior to a booster dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13), and at 24 months of age, using the Illumina Methylation 450 K assay and assessed for differences over time and between high and low vaccine responders. Results Our analysis revealed 721 significantly differentially methylated positions between 12 and 24 months (FDR < 0.01), with significant enrichment in pathways involved in the regulation of cell–cell adhesion and T cell activation. Comparing high and low vaccine responders, we identified differentially methylated CpG sites (P value < 0.01) associated with HLA-DPB1 and IL6. Conclusion These data imply that epigenetic changes that occur during early childhood may be associated with antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccines.

Rhinovirus-specific antibody responses in preschool children with acute wheeze reflect severity of respiratory symptoms

Allergy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1728-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stenberg-Hammar ◽  
K. Niespodziana ◽  
C. Söderhäll ◽  
A. James ◽  
C.R. Cabauatan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Antibody Responses

Induction of antigen-specific antibody responses by nonspecific T cell-derived helper factors

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Grusby ◽  
Susan K. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses

scholarly journals High-Affinity H7 Head and Stalk Domain–Specific Antibody Responses to an Inactivated Influenza H7N7 Vaccine After Priming With Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Halliley ◽  
Surender Khurana ◽  
Florian Krammer ◽  
Theresa Fitzgerald ◽  
Elizabeth M. Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Stalk Domain

scholarly journals Simultaneous Immunization with Multiple Diverse Immunogens Alters Development of Antigen-Specific Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Kelsey A. Pilewski ◽  
Kevin J. Kramer ◽  
Ivelin S. Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Neisseria Meningitides ◽  
Immunization Strategies ◽  
Single Antigen ◽  
The Face ◽  
Antibody Titers

Vaccination remains one of the most successful medical interventions in history, significantly decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with, or even eradicating, numerous infectious diseases. Although traditional immunization strategies have recently proven insufficient in the face of many highly mutable and emerging pathogens, modern strategies aim to rationally engineer a single antigen or cocktail of antigens to generate a focused, protective immune response. However, the effect of cocktail vaccination (simultaneous immunization with multiple immunogens) on the antibody response to each individual antigen within the combination, remains largely unstudied. To investigate whether immunization with a cocktail of diverse antigens would result in decreased antibody titer against each unique antigen in the cocktail compared to immunization with each antigen alone, we immunized mice with surface proteins from uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Neisseria meningitides, and monitored the development of antigen-specific IgG antibody responses. We found that antigen-specific endpoint antibody titers were comparable across immunization groups by study conclusion (day 70). Further, we discovered that although cocktail-immunized mice initially elicited more robust antibody responses, the rate of titer development decreases significantly over time compared to single antigen-immunized mice. Investigating the basic properties that govern the development of antigen-specific antibody responses will help inform the design of future combination immunization regimens.

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