Antifilarial activity of intravenous suramin and oral diethylcarbamazine citrate on subperiodic Brugia malayi in the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata

ABSTRACTThe known filaricides, suramin and diethylcarbamazine citrate, were tested against subperiodic Brugia malayi infection in the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata. As expected, intravenous suramin at 10 mg/kg daily × 5 days or 17 mg/kg weekly × 5 weeks, did not show any microfilaricidal activity, but substantially reduced the recovery of live adult worms to 50·6% and 13·6% of controls respectively. Oral diethylcarbamazine citrate at 6 mg/kg daily × 6 or 10 days reduced final microfilarial counts to 30% of initial counts four weeks post-treatment and adult worm recovery was reduced to 4·5% and 0% of controls respectively. Although the antifilarial activity of these drugs against the infection in this non-human primate model appears to be similar to that seen in man, these results have to be confirmed using larger groups of animals.

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Experimental Schistosoma bovis infection in goats. Circulating antigen and antibody responses to egg and adult worm antigens during infection and following treatment with praziquantel

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000066518 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 367-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. V. Johansen ◽

Y. Fillié ◽

J. Monrad ◽

N. Ø. Christensen ◽

A. Deelder

Keyword(s):

Adult Worm ◽

Specific Antibody ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Schistosoma Bovis ◽

Worm Recovery ◽

Circulating Antigen ◽

Positive Correlations

SUMMARYCirculating antigen levels and antibody responses in Schistosoma bovis-infected West African Dwarf goats were evaluated during infection and following treatment with praziquantel (60 mg/kg) 13 weeks post-infection. One day, 1 week and 4 weeks post-treatment, subgroups of goats were sacrificed and perfused for worm recovery. For comparison, parasite-free control animals were included. Blood and faecal samples were collected biweekly. Two gut-associated schistosome antigens, circulating cathodic and circulating anodic antigen (CCA and CAA) and 3 specific antibody responses (total Ig, IgG and IgM) were measured. For specific antibody detection, crude S. bovis adult worm and egg homogenates were used. The level of CCA in the infected groups was significantly elevated from the time of onset of egg excretion onwards. However, following treatment, the CCA litres dropped to control levels within 1 week post-treatment. Strong positive correlations were found between CCA levels and worm counts and faecal egg counts during peak egg excretion. The correlations of CAA and specific antibody litres to egg and worm counts were poor. The antibody responses were all significantly elevated in the infected goats during patency, but only marginally affected by the treatment. Hence, CCA proved to be superior by correlating strongly to the level of infection and by being a sensitive indicator of the effect of treatment.

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Delayed macrofilaricidal activity of diethylcarbamazine against Brugia pahangi in Mongolian jirds

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1079/joh2004263 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 293-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y. Fujimaki ◽

P. Sithithaworn ◽

Y. Mitsui ◽

Y. Aoki

Keyword(s):

Adult Worm ◽

Post Infection ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Treated Group ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Brugia Pahangi ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Final Treatment ◽

Antifilarial Activity

AbstractThe macrofilaricidal activity of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was confirmed in jirds infected with Brugia pahangi. Seventy jirds were inoculated subcutaneously with 100 infective larvae. At 20 weeks post-infection, the microfilaraemic jirds were divided into two groups, untreated and treated. For the treated group, 200 mg kg−1 of DEC was injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. One, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 27 weeks after the final treatment, 4–7 jirds in each group were sacrificed to measure adult worm burdens. The number of adult worms recovered from treated jirds was comparable to controls at earlier necropsy (1 and 4 weeks post-treatment). However, at late necropsy (8 weeks and later) the recovery rate of adult worms in treated jirds was significantly lower than that in untreated controls, indicating an adultcidal effect of DEC. The present study demonstrates that DEC requires 8 weeks to kill B. pahangi adult worms in jirds and that the Mongolian jird is a useful model for screening antifilarial activity.

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Characterization of baboon fetal membranes: Evaluation as a non-human primate model of fetal membrane rupture

Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation ◽

10.1016/s1071-5576(97)86699-3 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 192A-192A

Author(s):

J MCLAREN ◽

S BELL ◽

A FAALEABAS

Keyword(s):

Fetal Membrane ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Primate Model ◽

Membrane Rupture ◽

Fetal Membrane Rupture ◽

Human Primate

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Cardiac Pacing in a Chronically Instrumented Non-Human Primate Model During Centrifuge,

10.21236/ada316940 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

S. C. Koenig ◽

Craig Reister ◽

J. Schtaub ◽

Gary Muniz ◽

Tim Fergusan

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Pacing ◽

Primate Model ◽

Human Primate

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Combined therapy of mesenchymal stem cells with a GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, on an inflammatory-mediated diabetic non-human primate model

Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 276 ◽

pp. 119374

Author(s):

Roghayeh Navabi ◽

Babak Negahdari ◽

Ensiyeh Hajizadeh-Saffar ◽

Mostafa Hajinasrollah ◽

Yaser Jenab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Receptor Agonist ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Primate Model ◽

Human Primate

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Neonatal Immune System Ontogeny: The Role of Maternal Microbiota and Associated Factors. How Might the Non-Human Primate Model Enlighten the Path?

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9060584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 584

Author(s):

Natalia Nunez ◽

Louis Réot ◽

Elisabeth Menu

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Microbial Colonization ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Primate Model ◽

Neonatal Immune System ◽

Gastrointestinal Colonization ◽

The Impact ◽

Human Primate

Interactions between the immune system and the microbiome play a crucial role on the human health. These interactions start in the prenatal period and are critical for the maturation of the immune system in newborns and infants. Several factors influence the composition of the infant’s microbiota and subsequently the development of the immune system. They include maternal infection, antibiotic treatment, environmental exposure, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and food introduction. In this review, we focus on the ontogeny of the immune system and its association to microbial colonization from conception to food diversification. In this context, we give an overview of the mother–fetus interactions during pregnancy, the impact of the time of birth and the mode of delivery, the neonate gastrointestinal colonization and the role of breastfeeding, weaning, and food diversification. We further review the impact of the vaccination on the infant’s microbiota and the reciprocal case. Finally, we discuss several potential therapeutic interventions that might help to improve the newborn and infant’s health and their responses to vaccination. Throughout the review, we underline the main scientific questions that are left to be answered and how the non-human primate model could help enlighten the path.

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Combination therapy protects macaques against advanced Marburg virus disease

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22132-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert W. Cross ◽

Zachary A. Bornholdt ◽

Abhishek N. Prasad ◽

Viktoriya Borisevich ◽

Krystle N. Agans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combination Therapy ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Marburg Virus ◽

Therapeutic Window ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Primate Model ◽

Lethal Infection ◽

Human Primate

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and remdesivir, a small-molecule antiviral, are promising monotherapies for many viruses, including members of the genera Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus (family Filoviridae), and more recently, SARS-CoV-2. One of the major challenges of acute viral infections is the treatment of advanced disease. Thus, extending the window of therapeutic intervention is critical. Here, we explore the benefit of combination therapy with a mAb and remdesivir in a non-human primate model of Marburg virus (MARV) disease. While rhesus monkeys are protected against lethal infection when treatment with either a human mAb (MR186-YTE; 100%), or remdesivir (80%), is initiated 5 days post-inoculation (dpi) with MARV, no animals survive when either treatment is initiated alone beginning 6 dpi. However, by combining MR186-YTE with remdesivir beginning 6 dpi, significant protection (80%) is achieved, thereby extending the therapeutic window. These results suggest value in exploring combination therapy in patients presenting with advanced filovirus disease.

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