scholarly journals Anticoccidial Activity of Berberine against Eimeria-Infected Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
Binh Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Rochelle Alipio Flores ◽  
Paula Leona Taymen Cammayo ◽  
Suk Kim ◽  
Woo Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Anticoccidial Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Avian coccidiosis has a major economic impact on the poultry industry, it is caused by 7 species of Eimeria, and has been primarily controlled using chemotherapeutic agents. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, alternative control strategies are needed. We assessed anticoccidial effects of berberine-based diets in broiler chickens following oral infection with 5 Eimeria species (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, E. mitis, and E. praecox). When 0.2% berberine, a concentration that does not affect weight gain, was added to the diet, the 4 groups infected with E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. mitis, or E. praecox showed significant reductions in fecal oocyst shedding (P<0.05) compared to their respective infected and untreated controls. In chickens treated 0.5% berberine instead of 0.2% and infected with E. maxima, fecal oocyst production was significantly reduced, but body weight deceased, indicating that berberine treatment was not useful for E. maxima infection. Taken together, these results illustrate the applicability of berberine for prophylactic use to control most Eimeria infections except E. maxima. Further studies on the mechanisms underlying the differences in anticoccidial susceptibility to berberine, particularly E. maxima, are remained.

THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF EPIDEMIC INFANTILE DIARRHEA DUE TO E. COLI 0-111 BY THE USE OF CHLORAMPHENICOL AND NEOMYCIN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
WARREN E. WHEELER ◽  
BERTHA WAINERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Level ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Infantile Diarrhea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Table IV represents a summary of our findings regarding the use of these two antibiotic drugs. We feel that both were effective in reducing the severity of the diarrhea, but that chloramphenicol was followed by the emergence of a distressing number of drug resistant strains of organisms which made it less satisfactory at the dosage level used than neomycin. An attempt to prevent cross infections by the prophylactic use of chloramphenicol failed. We would like to emphasize the relapsing nature of the disease, the need for special techniques to recognize the organism, its great transmisibility, and would caution others who treat outbreaks of this infection with antibiotics to be mindful of the need to watch for the development of drug resistant strains of the organism. Since neomycin appears to act in vivo as a bactericidal drug, it would seem to have theoretical as well as practical advantages over the broad spectrum antibiotic drugs in the treatment of this disease.[SEE TABLE IV IN SOURCE PDF.]

scholarly journals Attaching Zanamivir to a Polymer Markedly Enhances Its Activity Against Drug-resistant Strains of Influenza a Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha K. Weight ◽  
Jayanta Haldar ◽  
Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos ◽  
Larisa V. Gubareva ◽  
Terrence M. Tumpey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

DRUG RESISTANT STRAINS OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA

The Lancet ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 317 (8216) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Brian Darlow ◽  
Helena Vrbova ◽  
John Stace ◽  
Peter Heywood ◽  
Michael Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Tigecycline for Treatment of Nosocomial-Acquired Pneumonia Possibly Caused by Multi-Drug Resistant Strains ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blanquer ◽  
J. De Otero ◽  
E. Padilla ◽  
F. Gòmez ◽  
A. Mayol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

scholarly journals The Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione and In Vitro Everolimus in Altering the Immune Responses against Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Kimberly To ◽  
Ruoqiong Cao ◽  
Aram Yegiazaryan ◽  
James Owens ◽  
Kayvan Sasaninia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) still remains a devastating infectious disease in the world. There has been a daunting increase in the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) worldwide. T2DM patients are three times more vulnerable to M. tb infection compared to healthy individuals. TB-T2DM coincidence is a challenge for global health control. Despite some progress in the research, M. tb still has unexplored characteristics in successfully evading host defenses. The lengthy duration of treatment, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains and extensive-drug-resistant strains of M. tb have made TB treatment very challenging. Previously, we have tested the antimycobacterial effects of everolimus within in vitro granulomas generated from immune cells derived from peripheral blood of healthy subjects. However, the effectiveness of everolimus treatment against mycobacterial infection in individuals with T2DM is unknown. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the combination of in vivo glutathione (GSH) supplementation in individuals with T2DM along with in vitro treatment of isolated immune cells with everolimus against mycobacterial infection has never been tested. Therefore, we postulated that liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) and everolimus would offer great hope for developing adjunctive therapy for mycobacterial infection. L-GSH or placebo was administered to T2DM individuals orally for three months. Study subjects’ blood was drawn pre- and post-L-GSH/or placebo supplementation, where Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood to conduct in vitro studies with everolimus. We found that in vitro treatment with everolimus, an mTOR (membrane target of rapamycin) inhibitor, significantly reduced intracellular M. bovis BCG infection alone and in conjunction with L-GSH supplementation. Furthermore, we found L-GSH supplementation coupled with in vitro everolimus treatment produced a greater effect in inhibiting the growth of intracellular Mycobacterium bovis BCG, than with the everolimus treatment alone. We also demonstrated the functions of L-GSH along with in vitro everolimus treatment in modulating the levels of cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and IL-6, in favor of improving control of the mycobacterial infection. In summary, in vitro everolimus-treatment alone and in combination with oral L-GSH supplementation for three months in individuals with T2DM, was able to increase the levels of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 as well as enhance the abilities of granulomas from individuals with T2DM to improve control of a mycobacterial infection.

7,8-dihydroxyflavone-functionalized gold nanoparticles target the arginase enzyme of Leishmania donovani

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Prasanna ◽  
Prakash Kumar ◽  
Saptarshi Mandal ◽  
Tanvi Payal ◽  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Parasite Leishmania

Aim: To analyze the efficacy and possible mechanism of action of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) and DHF synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) against the parasite Leishmania donovani. Methods: GNPs were synthesized using DHF and characterized by dynamic light scattering, ζ potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The efficacy of DHF and DHF-GNP were tested against sensitive and drug-resistant parasites. GNP uptake was measured on macrophages by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: DHF and DHF-GNP (∼35 nm) were equally effective against sensitive and drug-resistant strains and inhibited the arginase activity of parasites. Increased IFN-γ and reduced IL-12 cytokine response showed a Th1/Th2-mediated cell death in macrophages. Conclusion: The low cytotoxicity and high biological activity of DHF-GNP may be useful for chemotherapy of leishmaniasis.

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