scholarly journals Death and Injury in Motorcycle Accidents: The Utilisation of Technology to Reduce Risk.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Vaughan Evans
Keyword(s):  
Stability Control ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Safety Feature ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents ◽  
Crash Helmet ◽  
Car Travel

In the early 1970s in Great Britain, the fatality rate for motorcyclists was twenty times that for a car driver, this relative risk has widened to around fifty in modern times. Motorcycling has not become more hazardous, rather a modest decline in the fatality rate over four decades has been eclipsed by a considerably greater reduction in the rate for car drivers. Travel by car has become safer, with seatbelts, a rigid safety cell and crumple zones, airbags, head restraints, energy-absorbing steering wheels, and shatter-resistant windscreens, all contributing to risk reduction. A motorcyclist, conversely, on most modern machines, has none of these features, with the crash helmet being the only safety feature generally adopted by motorcyclists over the last half century. The risk inherent in motorcycling could be reduced to a similar level as car travel by a radical re-design of the motorcycle to include a rigid safety cell, clad in energy absorbing deformable material, coupled with a rider restraint system. Less radical technological changes that could reduce the risk of injury, or death, include fitted anti-lock braking systems, ideally with integrated stability control, and an integral impact-activated airbag may arrest the forward motion of a rider in frontal impact conditions. The relatively simple measure of increased rider and/or machine conspicuousness can reduce the risk of certain accidents.

scholarly journals Upper and Lower Extremity Injury Pattern and Severity of Motorbike Accident – A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Alhassan Abass ◽  
Lawrence Quaye ◽  
Yussif Adams
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Motorcycle Accident ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents ◽  
Crash Helmet

Aim: This study aims at determining the upper and lower extremity injury pattern and severity of motorcycle accidents in the Tamale metropolis, Ghana. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study comprising data on 190 motorcycle accident victims at the Accident and Emergency Centres of three major hospitals (Tamale Teaching Hospital, Central and West Hospitals) in Tamale metropolis from February to April 2018. Demographic data, injury type, injury location, use of crash helmet and injury outcomes were retrieved from the medical records registry. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA test was done to compare groups. Results: From the 190 victims, 78.9% were treated and discharged, 17.4% were disabled and 3.7% died. Injury mechanism was significantly (F-test = 22.64, p = 0.00) linked with injury outcome. Victims who had frontal impact collision and died (71.4%) were significantly (p<0.05) more than those who were treated and discharged (26.7%). Accident victims with upper extremity injury who became disabled (18.2%) were more (p<0.05) than those treated and discharged (16.7%). Out of the 190 victims involved in motorcycle accidents, 64.2% were not wearing crash helmet. There was significant relationship (p<0.05) between use of crash helmet and injury outcome. More (23.0%) of accident victims disabled were not wearing crash helmet and among those who died, none (0.0%) had a crash helmet on. Conclusion: Upper and lower extremity injuries as well head and neck injuries were high among motorcycle accident victims. The study recommends capacity building for healthcare professionals to manage head, neck, upper and lower extremity injuries at the Accident and Emergency Centres. Regular training programs should be conducted by law enforcement authorities in northern Ghana to train motorcycle riders and educate them on road traffic regulations. Compliance to the use of crash helmet by motorcyclists should strongly be enforced. Further prospective studies are needed to delineate these injury patterns and ascertain reason behind non-usage of crash helmet by motorcyclist in the Metropolis.

scholarly journals MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING FOREHAND AND BACKHAND DRIVES IN THE SPORT DISCIPLINE OF TENNIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Vasilios Koronas ◽  
Nikolaos Koutlianos
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Muscular Function ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Individual Sports

Tennis is one of the most popular individual sports all over the world. Strength and trained muscles are required for a player in order to achieve a good backhand, forehand, volley or flat stroke. Especially while playing tennis are many kinds of muscles involved, including the lower body muscles, trunk muscles and upper body muscles. The purpose of this review is to present the activated muscles in the basic tennis movements of forehand and backhand and to improve the knowledge about their role in order to help tennis players and coaches to enhance their tennis performance and to reduce risk of injury. To support the present review, data were gathered from library and network databases using keywords such as tennis, muscles, forehand, and backhand for publications between 2015 and 2019. Overall, thirty-five references were detected and used. The literature showed that forehand and backhand drives are strokes that involve muscles not only of the upper limbs but also a series of more complex movements that start with the feet and end with the swinging of the tennis racket. The insight for the action of the muscles in tennis should be utilized in tennis players so as to better understand the muscular function which takes part in specific tennis movements and has a greater performance. In addition, this knowledge is considered strongly beneficial for the coaches and the favourable building of the training process.

Evaluation of a Safety Resheathable Winged Steel Needle for Prevention of Percutaneous Injuries Associated With Intravascular-Access Procedures Among Healthcare Workers

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl H. Mendelson ◽  
Bao Ying Lin-Chen ◽  
Robin Solomon ◽  
Eileen Bailey ◽  
Gene Kogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Safety Feature ◽  
Safety Mechanism ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Butterfly Needle ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Intravascular Access

AbstractObjective:To compare the percutaneous injury rate associated with a standard versus a safety resheathable winged steel (butterfly) needle.Design:Before-after trial of winged steel needle injuries during a 33-month period (19-month baseline, 3-month training, and 11-month study intervention), followed by a 31-month poststudy period.Setting:A 1,190-bed acute care referral hospital with inpatient and outpatient services in New York City.Participants:All healthcare workers performing intravascular-access procedures with winged steel needles.Intervention:Safety resheathable winged steel needle.Results:The injury rate associated with winged steel needles declined from 13.41 to 6.41 per 100,000 (relative risk [RR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 0.31 to 0.73) following implementation of the safety device. Injuries occurring during or after disposal were reduced most substantially (RR 0.15; CI95, 0.06 to 0.43 Safety winged steel needle injuries occurred most often before activation of the safety mechanism was appropriate (39%); 32% were due to the user choosing not to activate the device, 21% occurred during activation, and 4% were due to improper activation. Preference for the safety winged steel needle over the standard device was 63%. The safety feature was activated in 83% of the samples examined during audits of disposal containers. Following completion of the study, the safety winged steel needle injury rate (7.29 per 100,000) did not differ significantly from the winged steel needle injury rate during the study period.Conclusion:Implementation of a safety resheathable winged steel needle substantially reduced injuries among healthcare workers performing vascular-access procedures. The residual risk of injury associated with this device can be reduced further with increased compliance with proper activation procedures.

Continuous Laryngeal Nerve Integrity Monitoring During Thyroidectomy: Does it Reduce Risk of Injury?

2004 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt L. Robertson ◽  
David L. Steward ◽  
Jack L. Gluckman ◽  
Jeff Welge
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Integrity Monitoring ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Reduce Risk

Design of Dual Layer Liner with Deformable Semi-Spherical Convex for Bicycle Helmet

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 681-686
Author(s):  
Tso Liang Teng ◽  
Cho Chung Liang ◽  
Van Hai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
Bicycle Helmets ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Standard Finite Element Method ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Absorption

Bicycle helmets aim to reduce the risk of injury due to impacts on the head. Generally, a bike helmet consists of the outer shell, liner, vents and straps. The liner helps absorb the effects of the impact to keep that force away from your head. To satisfy the functions of helmet liner, several criteria should be considered. The ideal liner would be stiffer in hard impacts, softer in lighter impacts, light, cheap, reliable to manufacture and easy to ventilate. Currently, there are many different design trends and concepts in the design of helmet liner. Researchers have tended to focus on the liner material. The Expended Polystyrene (EPS) foam is the most popular choice for liner material of helmet. The EPS foam is commonly used in helmets as an energy absorbing liner. However, EPS has some disadvantages, such as the difficulty to optimize energy absorbing in different areas of head and inferior effect of heat dissipation. Moreover, EPS is generally too brittle. In order to overcome its drawback, to search a better alternative is necessary. In this study, a dual layer liner is proposed to yield enhanced impact absorption, that is to say, the liner is constructed by two layers of polycarbonate with deformable semi-spherical convex. The energy absorbed by deformation of convexes which is described by a combination of folding and collapsing. The main advantages of this liner design not only show the energy absorbing capabilities like EPS foam but also gain a better optimization of energy absorbing for different sites. This study focuses on assessment of a helmet with dual layer liner based on the shock absorbing test of CPSC’s standard. Finite element method (FEM) is available contribution greatly to helmet test modeling. This study performs finite element analyses of helmet impact tests using LS-DYNA software. The simulation of helmeted headform drop test is implemented for the four kinds of liner thickness. To confirm the energy absorbing capabilities of dual layer liner, the resultant CG linear acceleration of the headform is measured from the helmet test simulation. According to the CPSC’s standard specification, the acceleration of headform should be less than 300 g's during the impact.

scholarly journals Design of a Workstation Table With Improved Crashworthiness Performance

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Parent ◽  
David C. Tyrell ◽  
Robert Rancatore ◽  
Benjamin Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Occupant Protection ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Work is currently underway to develop strategies to protect rail passengers seated at workstation tables during a collision or derailment. Investigations have shown that during a collision, these tables can present a hostile secondary impact environment to the occupants. This effort includes the design, fabrication, and testing of an improved workstation table. The key criteria for the design of this table are that it must compartmentalize the occupants and reduce the risk of injury relative to currently installed tables. Strengthening the attachments between the table and the passenger car body will ensure compartmentalization. Employing energy-absorbing mechanisms to limit and distribute the load imparted on the abdomen of the occupant will reduce injury risk. This paper details the design requirements for an improved workstation table, which include service, fabrication, and occupant protection requirements. Service requirements define the geometry of the table, the performance of the table under normal service loads, and the maintenance of the table over the period of installation. Fabrication requirements define the limitations on material usage and construction costs. Occupant protection requirements define the ability of the table to reduce injury risk to the occupants under collision loads. The table must also conform to federal regulations pertaining to interior structures on passenger rail equipment. Four design concepts are evaluated against these design requirements. These concepts present different modes of deformation or displacement that absorb energy during impact. These concepts have been evaluated, and the highest-ranking concept involves a crushable foam or honeycomb table edge attached to a rigid center frame. Preliminary results from a computer simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept in reducing the injury risk to the occupants.

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